scholarly journals Environmental test of improved in vitro potato varieties in the conditions of Central Yakutia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-681
Author(s):  
V. G. Darkhanova ◽  
N. S. Stroeva ◽  
I. V. Voronov ◽  
G. V. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Flood Plain ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Environmental Test ◽  
Average Tuber Weight

Ecological tests of improved in vitro plants - potato regenerants of promising and zoned in Central Yakutia varieties have been carried out on cryogenic flood plain fibrous saline soils. To conduct a field experiment, clones adapted to the soil (2019) and their tuberous offspring (2020) were planted at the end of May. It was revealed that the most resistant to open ground conditions were regenerants of the Krasavchik variety (survival rate - 28.0 %); the least adapted variety was Vasilek (1.0 %). It has been established that among improved zoned varieties the most tolerant to arid conditions of vegetation (hydrothermal coefficient 0.4) and more productive (average tuber weight 213.9 g) was the Adretta variety. High index of tuber safety (100.0±5.0 %) was observed in Adretta variety (37 pcs.) and promising varieties Riviera (18 pcs.), Triumf (40 pcs.) and Rodrigo variety (16 pcs., 94.1±4.7 %). Zoned variety Vasilek (12 pcs., 80.0±4.0 %) and promising variety Assol (77.3±3.9 %, 17 pcs.) had no statistical difference in these indexes. The safety of Krasavchik variety tubers was 69.1±4.0 % (241pcs.). Zoned variety Rozard (65 pcs., 55.6±2.8 %) and promising Ilona variety had the same tuber safety. Minimum level of tuber safety was observed in Velina variety (18 pcs., 33.3±1.7 %).

scholarly journals Non-season production of raspberry of red berry products in conditions of heated winter greenhouses

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Akimova ◽  
Alexandra N. Vikulina ◽  
Vasily I. Demenko ◽  
Vadim V. Kirkach ◽  
Olga N. Aladina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Clonal Micropropagation ◽  
Traditional Variety ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Phenological Phases

Relevance. Currently, in many countries of the world, the production of non-season raspberry berry products has become widespread. Recently, interest in this technology has arisen in Russia, which has great prospects for the development of industrial gardening. In our opinion, it is promising to develop elements of technology for the non-seasonal production of red raspberries, propagated by the method of clonal micropropagation with a traditional and remontant type of fruiting in the conditions of winter heated greenhouses.Material and methods. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of clonal micropropagation of garden plants in the fruit growing laboratory of RGAU-MSHA named after K.A. Timiryazev. The objects of research were varieties of red raspberries with a traditional (variety Volnitsa) and remontant (varieties Orangevoe Chudo and Bryanskoe Divo) type of fruiting. The experimental plants were propagated by the method of clonal micropropagation and grown before distillation in open and protected ground; plants propagated by root offspring served as control. Experimental plants were planted in open ground for growing in mid-May, in mid-October they were transplanted into 10 liter containers and transferred to protected ground conditions. Then put in the refrigerator compartment with a temperature of + 1 ... + 5°C. For distillation, the raspberry repairing plants were exposed in the winter heated greenhouse on January 20, while the shoots of replacing the aboveground system were normalized: without normalization, 3 shoots per plant, complete pruning of the aboveground system. Raspberries with a traditional type of fruiting were exposed in a winter heated greenhouse in three periods on January 20, February 10, March 2. Accounting for the passage of the phenological phases of development and yield was made for 3 months every 5 days.Results. In the conditions of winter heated greenhouses, efficiency has been shown and elements of technology for non-season production of raspberry berries remontant and berries with a traditional type of fruiting, propagated in vitro and grown before open field distillation are developed. It was revealed that it is necessary to normalize the shoots before distillation of raspberry remontant, and the optimal timing for the start of distillation for raspberries with a traditional type of fruiting has been established.

scholarly journals REGENERATION OF WINTER GARLIC PLANTS (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.) IN VITRO FROM BULBILS

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Polyakov ◽  
M. A. Azopkova ◽  
N. N. Lebedeva ◽  
I. V. Muraveva
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Morphogenetic Potential ◽  
Modern Technologies

Garlic is exclusively vegetatively propagated plant which damaged by numerous virus, bacterial, fungus and other phytopathogens. Under propagation of damaged plants phytopathogens are transferred to progeny that leads to decrease in productivity, loss of quality, storability and frequently to degeneration of cultivars. In this regard improvement of landing material is obligate stage of the modern technologies of garlic production. Experimentally reasonable technology of the obtaining revitalized landing material of winter garlic based on in vitro cultivation of air bulbils on MS medium containing BA in concentration of 2 mg/l and NAA – 1 mg/l, which followed by formation of sprouts and then plants with bulbs is presented in the article. It is established that application of graduated sterilization of air bulbils isolated from not revealed inflorescences with diameter up to 25 mm for introduction in vitro culture allows to obtain plants free of internal infections. One of important factors influencing effectiveness of induction of morphogenesis is the plant genotype. Cultivar Emperor was characterized by high morphogenetic potential in vitro culture which significantly surpassed cultivar Gladiator at all stages of cultivation. The share of vital explants of Emperor cultivar consisted of 74,2%, and Gladiator cultivar – 56,3%. The morphogenesis of air bulbils in vitro conditions depends on their age. The share of vital micro bulbs with leaves formed under cultivation of air bulbils within 21 days isolated on 7th day after of exit of inflorescences from leaf sockets in depending on cultivar consisted of 65,0% and 76,4%. Cultivation of air bulbils of more old age is followed by their 100% growth with formation of leaves and microbulbs. Adaptation of such plants to ex vitro conditions is followed by obtaining monoclove bulbs cultivation of which in the open ground conditions leaded to formation of polyclove bulbs.Cultivation of plants in vitro on the medium containing sucrose in concentration of 10% gives the chance to keep viability material within 5-6 months.

Methods of experimental polyploidization and their use in apple breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
L. V. Tashmatova ◽  
O. V. Matsneva ◽  
T. M. Khromova ◽  
V. V. Shakhov
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Diploid Gametes

The article presents methods of experimental polyploidy of fruit, berry and ornamental plants. The purpose of this review is to highlight the problems and prospects of polyploidization of plants in the open ground and in vitro culture and the possibility of their application for apple trees. For the purpose of obtaining apple tetraploids as donors of diploid gametes, seed seedlings were treated with a solution of colchicine in concentrations of 0.1-0.4 % for 24 and 48 hours. Colchicine concentrations of 0.3 % and 0.4 % at 48 hours of treatment had a detrimental eff ect on their development. As a result, tetraploids and chimeras were obtained from seeds from free pollination of the varieties Orlik, Svezhest, Kandil Orlovsky, as well as from seeds obtained from crossing the varieties Svezhest×Bolotovskoe, Moskovskoe Оzherel’e×Imrus, Girlyanda×Venyaminovskoe. The optimal concentration of colchicine was 0.1 %. Methods of colchicine treatment have been studied: 1) adding to the nutrient medium, colchicine concentration: 0.01%, 0.02%, exposure time 24h-19 days; 2) applying amitotic solution to the growth point, colchicine concentration: 0.1 %, 0.2 %, exposure time 24h-7 days. To increase the penetration of colchicine through the cell walls, a 0.1 % dimexide solution was used. Studies have shown that high concentrations and prolonged exposure to colchicine reduce the viability of explants.

CHANGES IN THE HYDROTHERMAL COEFFICIENT AND IN THE FREQUENCY OF EXTREME HUMIDIFICATION CONDITIONS ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS DURING CLIMATE WARMING

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Brovka ◽  
Ivan V. Buyakov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Spatial Change ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Heat And Moisture

It is important to study the heat and moisture supply of the territory under climate warming conditions in Belarus since 1989, as well as changes in the occurrence frequency of extreme moisture conditions. The features of the spatial change in the averaged hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for the period of climate warming (1989–2019) and the colder period preceding it (1960–1988) in the months of the growing season were revealed based on the maps constructed by interpolation. A decrease in the aridity of conditions in May and September in the southeast and east of the country, an increase in aridity in June and August (especially in the southern regions), an increase in the area with excessive moisture in July and its decrease in September were defined. The article shows the features of changes in the frequency of droughts (HTC ≤ 0,7), less arid conditions (HTC = 0,71–1,0) and excessive moisture (HTC > 1,6) from May to September in 1989–2019, according to compared with the period 1960–1988. It was found that during the period of climate warming from May to September, there is a significant increase in the droughts frequency at meteorological stations in various regions of Belarus. A decrease in the number of years with drought in May and June is observed at several eastern and southern meteorological stations, in August – at the Zhitkovichi meteorological station, in September – at the Kostyukovichi meteorological station. The frequency of arid conditions in May, July and September decreases at many meteorological stations, and its changes are characterized by territorial heterogeneity. An increase in the number of years with less arid conditions is observed in most of Belarus in June and August. A significant increase in the frequency of excessive moisture was noted in July in most of the territory of Belarus, in May – in some regions. A decrease in the frequency of excessive moisture is observed at many meteorological stations in June and August; the number of years with excessive moisture increases only in the northern region. Spatial heterogeneity and less pronounced changes in the frequency of excessive moisture are noted in September.

scholarly journals Methods of creating homozygous lines as breeding genotypes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) with apozygotic method of seed reproduction

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Roik ◽  
N. S. Kovalchuk ◽  
O. A. Zinchenko ◽  
L. H. Fedoroshchak ◽  
V. I. Vlasiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Alloplasmic Lines ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
A Value ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Genome Ploidy ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose. Investigation of cytogenetic aspects of embryological processes in the culture of immature apomictic embryos, breeding genotypes of sugar beet with cytoplasmic sterility for differentiation and selection by gametophyte reduced parthenogenesis. Methods. Cytological, biotechnological, fluorescent cytophotometry, field, laboratory. Results. The cytogenetic features of genesis of immature apomictic embryos cells induced in vitro on the 12th, 20th and 22th days of development have been investigated on the basis of CMS apozygotic lines of Beta vulgaris and alloplasmic lines of wild species Beta maritime and Beta patula. Indicators of efficiency of haploid reduced parthenogenesis in vitro in alloplasmic lines significantly exceeded the best technologies in pollen-sterile lines of sugar beet from 3.79% to 6.25% and had a value of 62.2%, 24.8%, and 16.7%, respectively. Stabilization of genome ploidy to diploid was carried out in selected breeding numbers without colchicine, based on evaluation and selection of genome ploidy using software of ploidy analyzer (AP) Partec. Conclusions. The efficiency of haploid reduced parthenogenesis induction in vitro in apozygotic CMS breeding genotypes of sugar beet as affected by genetic potential of cytoplasm and taking into account the total percentage of haploids (50 units; 100 units) and myxoploids (50 units; 100 units) has been investigated. Homozygous lines were created by stabilizing the genome ploidy of haploid and myxoploid micro sprouts during III–IV passages without the use of colchicine. Technologies of rooting in the open ground for use in the breeding process of sugar beets have been improved.

scholarly journals Apricot breeding for tolerance to Plum pox potyvirus in Nikita Botanical Gardens

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
V. M. Gorina ◽  
I. V. Mitrofanova ◽  
O. V. Mitrofanova ◽  
N. P. Lesnikova-Sedoshenko ◽  
S. N. Chirkov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

For the fi rst time, the results of studying of varieties and breeding forms of apricot in the gene pool collection of the Nikita Botanical Garden – the National Scientifi c Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NBS – NSC) (Yalta, Crimea) on the tolerance to the plum Sharka disease – Plum pox potyvirus (PPV), are presented in the article. The collection includes varieties from diff erent ecological and geographical groups that give us the possibility to present an objective comparative assessment of their susceptibility to phytopathogens. Based on long-term monitoring of the apricot orchards on PPV susceptibility in the collection of NBG-NSC, single aff ected plants were discovered and exterminated. Molecular genetic approaches to apricot breeding for tolerance were demonstrated and PPV tolerant genotypes were selected. According to the results of the research, hybridization was carried out. During the entire period of the research, in order to create genotypes tolerant to PPV, 28 738 fl owers were pollinated and 2 908 hybrid seeds were obtained from which plants were grown. Under in situ and in vitro conditions, new breeding forms tolerant to PPV were obtained. The prospect of biotechnological methods usage for inducing the development of hybrid apricot embryos was shown. The conditions for their culture (trophic, hormonal, and physical) were determined, viable seedlings and plants were obtained in vitro and planted for further adaptation ex vitro and to the open ground. New created plants were evaluated and breeding forms were selected, characterized by tolerance to PPV, good fruit quality and high stable yield. Based on the comprehensive studies, two breeding forms of apricot (‘97 -11 ’and ’97-17’) tolerant to PPV and promising for breeding and commercial cultivation were identifi ed.

scholarly journals Seepage investigations of heterogeneous soils beneath some buildings using geophysical approaches: example from southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebayo Olayinka Salako ◽  
Abayomi Gaius Osotuyi ◽  
Adekunle Abraham Adepelumi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Heterogeneous Soils ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Ground Penetrating

AbstractBuildings along the flood plain of River Osun, southwest Nigeria, are usually thought of as been a safe haven for residence over the years. But in recent times with vast (increasing) population and growing urbanization, some of the buildings currently experience structural damages not related to constructional designs but rather ground conditions around building foundations. The ground conditions (seepages in this case) and how it influences properties of soils (water moisture, permeability etc.) to support the foundation of buildings. This paper attempts to map out seepages in heterogeneous soils around buildings in Erinle, southwest Nigeria where building cracks probably as a result of water seepages from subsurface through fissures and fractures where noticed. These cracks are a probable manifestation of a weakened foundation that could overtime result to a collapse, hence the need to investigate seepage prone zones. To achieve this, electrical resistivity (ER) and Electromagnetic Ground Penetrating Radar (EM-GPR) surveys were made along affected buildings to map out possible causes of deterioration. Geo-sections (analyzed ER data) shows high resistivity layer (topsoil) underlain by low resistivity layer (weathered basement) confirmed by planer reflections (topsoil) and fairly smooth to smooth reflections (weathered basement) in Radargrams (analyzed GPR data). An integration of the geo-section and radargram produced from ER and GPR data shows that buildings along traverses 1, 2, 3 and 5 is most prone to seepages especially as it exhibits very low anomalously resistivity values (< 25 Ωm) but this is not the case for buildings along traverses 4, 6, 7 and 8.

The Fossil Coleoptera of the Two Creeks forest Bed, Wisconsin

1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan V. Morgan ◽  
Anne Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Plant Detritus ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
July Temperature

A 21-kg sample of plant detritus from the Two Creeks forest bed at the junction of Kewaunee and Manitowoc Counties, Wisconsin, has produced a small, but well-preserved fauna of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. Among the Coleoptera the majority of Carabidae (ground beetles) indicate moderately moist to fairly dry, open ground conditions with a sparsely vegetated substrate. Another significant beetle group is represented by the Scolytidae (bark beetles) nearly all of which inhabit spruce. The restricted number of Coleoptera species (21) is believed to represent an in situ assemblage and is part of about 50 taxa. Most of the Coleoptera identified to the species level have a transcontinental distribution, with the exception of two carabids which are extreme western forms, and nearly all reside within the boreal forest. The beetles indicate that the mean July temperature at Two Creeks approximately 11,850 yr B.P. was 14° to 16°C.

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