Environmental test of improved in vitro potato varieties in the conditions of Central Yakutia

Ecological tests of improved in vitro plants - potato regenerants of promising and zoned in Central Yakutia varieties have been carried out on cryogenic flood plain fibrous saline soils. To conduct a field experiment, clones adapted to the soil (2019) and their tuberous offspring (2020) were planted at the end of May. It was revealed that the most resistant to open ground conditions were regenerants of the Krasavchik variety (survival rate - 28.0 %); the least adapted variety was Vasilek (1.0 %). It has been established that among improved zoned varieties the most tolerant to arid conditions of vegetation (hydrothermal coefficient 0.4) and more productive (average tuber weight 213.9 g) was the Adretta variety. High index of tuber safety (100.0±5.0 %) was observed in Adretta variety (37 pcs.) and promising varieties Riviera (18 pcs.), Triumf (40 pcs.) and Rodrigo variety (16 pcs., 94.1±4.7 %). Zoned variety Vasilek (12 pcs., 80.0±4.0 %) and promising variety Assol (77.3±3.9 %, 17 pcs.) had no statistical difference in these indexes. The safety of Krasavchik variety tubers was 69.1±4.0 % (241pcs.). Zoned variety Rozard (65 pcs., 55.6±2.8 %) and promising Ilona variety had the same tuber safety. Minimum level of tuber safety was observed in Velina variety (18 pcs., 33.3±1.7 %).

Response of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to NPS Fertilizer Rates and Inter-Row Spacing in Kechi District, South Western Ethiopia

Fertilizer requirement and spacing vary across locations due to differences in soil types, nutrient and moisture availability, economic factors, and other environmental conditions. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different rates of NPS fertilizers and inter-row spacing on growth, yield, yield components, and economic performance of potato in Kechi research farm, Dawro zone of south-western Ethiopia. The experiment was arranged in factorial combination of six NPS (19N–38P2O5–7S) fertilizer rates (0 kg/ha, 50 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, and 250 kg/ha) and five inter-row spacings (45, 55, 65, 75, and 85 cm) which were laid out in RCBD with three replications using the Gudene variety. Growth, yield component, and yield data were collected and analyzed. In addition, a partial budget analysis was performed. The results showed that the main effect of NPS fertilizer and inter-row spacing had significantly ( P < 0.05 ) affected plant height, tuber number, tuber yield, and tuber size and average tuber weight. Maximum marketable tuber number per plant (11.627), total tuber number per plant (13.020), average tuber weight per plant (83.493 g), the proportion of large-sized tuber number per plant (41.893%), marketable tuber yield (48.056 t/ha), and total tuber yield (51.145 t/ha) were obtained from 200 kg/ha of NPS fertilizer which was statistically at par with 150 kg/ha and 250 kg/ha NPS, while the lowest result for those parameters was recorded from unfertilized plots. Results regarding inter-row spacing revealed that the highest marketable tuber number per plant (11.744), total tuber number per plant (13.144), and average tuber weight per plant (85.559 g) were recorded at 75 cm, while the lowest result for these parameters was recorded at 45 cm. Moreover, the highest marketable tuber yield (45.084 t/ha) and total tuber yield (48.462 t/ha) were obtained from the inter-row spacing of 65 cm which was statistically at par with 55 cm inter-row spacing, while the lowest result for these parameters was recorded at 85 cm. The partial budget analysis further revealed that 200 kg/ha NPS fertilizer gave the maximum net benefit. However, 150 kg/ha NPS resulted in the highest marginal rate of return (4303.91%). Thus, 150 kg/ha NPS fertilizer and inter-row spacing of 55 cm or 65 cm are suggested for attaining higher potato yield.

The impact of haulm killing on yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Disease-free and superior quality seed tubers could be obtained by haulm (vine) killing, which also reduces weight loss during storage. Higher resistance during storage ensures that seed tubers will be at the desired physiological age at the time of planting. The use of healthy seed tubers of appropriate physiological age will have positive impact on yield and quality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of haulm killing on seed potato yield and yield components (total tuber yield, average tuber yield/plant, number of tubers and average tuber weight) under semi-arid climate of Artova district in Tokat province, Turkey. The field studies were carried out during potato growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. The experiment consisted of two factors, i.e., potato cultivars and haulm killing. Five different potato cultivars, i.e., ‘Agria’, ‘Marabel’, ‘Hermes’, ‘Marfona’ and Madeleine were included in the study. The haulm killing treatments were ‘haulm killing’ and ‘no haulm killing’. Haulm killing positively affected the number of tubers per plant and average tuber weight, which are directly related to the tuber yield. Tuber seed yield in the first and second year with haulm killing treatment was 40.78 and 44.05 tons/ha, respectively. The yield without haulm killing in the first and second years was 37.78 and 38.76 tons/ha, respectively. The dry matter ratio of tubers with haulm killing was 21.89% in 2017 and 22.35% during 2018. The dry matter ratio of tubers without haulm killing was 20.57% in 2016 and 21.03% during 2017. The results revealed haulm killing had positive impact on yield, yield-related parameters and dry matter content of seed tubers. Therefore, haulm killing is recommended for higher yield and better quality of seed tubers.

Effects of Liming and Nutrient Management on Yield and Other Parameters of Potato Productivity on Acid Soils in Montenegro

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of liming (CaCO3 1000 kg ha−1) and application of organic fertilizers (rotted farmyard manure 40 t ha−1) and six different combination of mineral fertilizers: NPK 15:15:15 800 kg ha−1 + KAN (calcium ammonium nitrate) 240 kg ha−1; NPK 15:15:15 400 kg ha−1 + MCB (water-soluble mineral fertilizer NPK 13:11:20 + 2MgO + microelements + humic acid) 300 kg ha−1 + KAN 125 kg ha−1; MCB 400 kg ha−1; MCB 400 kg ha−1 + KMg (water-soluble mineral fertilizer Multi KMg 13:0:43 + 2MgO) 100 kg ha−1; MCB 600 kg ha−1 + KMg 100 kg ha−1 and MCB 800 kg ha−1 + KMg 100 kg ha−1 on yield and other productivity parameters of potato (Kennebec variety). The aim of the research was to optimize the system of potato plant nutrition for maximum profitability in the future potato production on acid soils of mountainous region of Montenegro. The experiments were carried out during 2015 and 2016, on Dystric Cambisols. The results obtained suggested that in both years, the highest values for all studied parameters were measured on plots with combined application of liming, organic and mineral fertilizers. In addition, a significant influence on the increase in the number of tubers per plant, the average tuber weight and the total yield was also demonstrated in all individual trials of potato nutrition, and the interaction of organic manure and mineral fertilizer. Fertilizing with rotted farmyard manure had significantly increased potato productivity, with the effect more pronounced in treatments with liming. The highest number of tubers (6.2 and 7.2), average tuber weight (93.5 g and 101.0 g) and yield (27.6 t ha−1 in 2015 and 34.8 t ha−1 in 2016, respectively) were obtained using combinations of MCB 800 kg ha−1 + KMg 100 kg ha−1 on variants fertilized with rotted farmyard manure and liming. This research is a valuable source of information for potato growers and scientists from this region as the results have shown how fertilization is raising productivity in this environment and its importance in the future potato growing on acid soils in mountainous regions of Montenegro and Western Balkans.

Parental Value for Tuber Yield in Potato Under High Temperature Environments in Climate Change Conditions

Potato crop is expanding to areas with temperatures higher than those required. Climate change is increasing temperatures in traditional areas of potato production, thereby affecting tuber yield. The International Potato Center has developed a population adapted to these new conditions, being more tolerant to high temperatures, resistant to late blight, virus PVX and/or PVY and early maturity. In breeding programs it is very important to know the parental value of the progenitors. The parental value of 34 selected potato clones was determined through general combining ability for marketable, total yield and average tuber weight under high temperatures. Using the line by tester mating design, the potato clones were crossed as lines and varieties Katahdin, Huagalina and clones CIP398098.204 and CIP302533.31 as testers. The field experiments were carried out in three locations in Peru: San Ramon, La Molina and Majes, where average temperatures at night were between 15.25 to 21.65°C, and during the day fluctuated between 21.47 to 27.20°C. We used a randomized complete block design, with three replications. At harvest the number and weight of marketable and non-marketable tubers were taken. Then the average tuber weight, marketable and total yield per hectare was calculated. 18 potato clones were identified with high parental value for marketable yield, seventeen for total tuber yield and 11 for average tuber weight; nine of them combine high parental value for the three characteristics studied. These clones with late blight resistance, heat tolerant, adapted to medium altitudes, growing period of 90 days and high parental value can be used as parents in breeding programs, to obtain new varieties under the new climate change scenarios with high temperatures. 12 crosses that presented high SCA are the most promising for the development of superior clones.

Yield, frying quality, plant vigor, and maturity of potato clones

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate advanced potato clones for tuber yield, frying quality, plant vigor, and maturity, grown from minituber seeds, and to assess correlations between these traits. Eight advanced potato clones of Embrapa Potato Breeding Program (F11-09-03, F05-11-03, F54-11-06, F141-11-01, C2718-12-09, C2718-24-09, C2743-09-09, and CL308) and three commercial cultivars (Agata, Asterix and BRSIPR Bel) were evaluated. Experiments were carried out in autumn 2017, in Canoinhas-SC and Pelotas-RS. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. We used tuber seeds type IV (minibubers). We evaluated plant vigor, maturity, yield and number of marketable tubers, yield and number of total tubers, average tuber weight, specific gravity, and frying color. Individual and joint variance analyses revealed significant differences (p <0.05) among genotypes for all traits at both locations. The GxE (genotype x environment) interaction was significant for all traits. For the two locations together, clones F05-11-03, C2718-12-09, C2718-24-09 and the control cultivar BRSIPR Bel showed higher marketable tuber yields. The first two clones also showed tubers with high average tuber weight. Clone F54-11-06 showed the later maturity at both locations. Regarding the frying quality characteristics, only clone F141-11-01 showed a pattern comparable to that of the control cultivar Asterix. Also, clones with higher plant vigor had higher tuber yield, but late maturity. Frying quality traits were not correlated between them and among other traits.

Selection of potato clones for tuber yield, vine maturity and frying quality

ABSTRACT Development of Brazilian potato cultivars adapted to different growing conditions, production systems and regions of the country is very important to increase the competitiveness of the national potato chain. In this sense, the objective of this work was to verify the performance of advanced potato clones for tuber yield traits, vine maturity and frying quality. An experiment was carried out in Pelotas-RS in spring, 2014. A set of nine advanced potato clones and two control cultivars were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Plots consisted of single rows of 20 plants spaced at 0.80 m between rows and 0.30 m between plants. The data of each trait were submitted to the deviance analysis, estimated the genetic values and selected the best genotypes using selection indices of the sum of ranks and the lowest distance from the ideotype. Clones F131-08-26 and F183-08-01, and the check ‘Asterix’ were distinguished for yield of marketable tubers. F183-08-01 and the control stood out for specific gravity and average tuber weight. Clone F161-07-02 ranked among the best for specific gravity, frying color and vine maturity. F97-07-04 and F183-08-01 and the check ‘Asterix’ were the best according to the selection indices, however, would result in losses in the frying color and vine maturity traits.

Genotypic selection of advanced potato clones by REML/BLUP

ABSTRACT Potato genotypes were evaluated in their performance, according to the genotype values for tuber yield traits. The experiments were carried out in Canoinhas and Pelotas, Brazil, in spring 2014. Eleven advanced clones and two commercial cultivars (Agata and Asterix) (check cultivars) were evaluated. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. Plots were harvested 110 days after planting, and evaluated for tuber yield components. The data were submitted to joint deviance analyzes using the REML/BLUP method. Clones F102-22-07 and F32-02-06 stood out positively for tuber yield. F102-22-07 showed high marketable tuber yield and average tuber weight, while clone F32-02-06 exhibited high marketable and total tuber yield. The superiority of these advanced clones in relation to the check cultivars, suggests their potential to be evaluated in other environments, aiming their release as new cultivars.

Genetic parameters associated with tuber yield and tuber appearance traits of potatoes in early generations of selection

The knowledge of genetic parameters of traits, in early generation selection, is important for breeding programs to define strategies and obtain success. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of yield components and tuber appearance traits in early selection generations of potatoes and their implications in the selection process. Twelve segregating potato families originated from crosses between two groups of parents of the Embrapa potato breeding program were evaluated. Group 1 was formed by foreign potato parents: Pukara, Asterix, Rioja, and Caesar; and group 2, by national parents: Eliza, C1730-07-94, and C1750-15-95. The experiment was conducted in autumn seasons of 2012 and 2013. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Considering all traits together, Pukara/Eliza, Asterix/Eliza, and Rioja/Eliza families had the highest means on a large number of tuber appearance and yield traits. The results of this study suggest that selection may be applied with mild to moderate intensity in the seedling generation for skin texture, tuber general appearance, tuber number, average tuber weight and total tuber yield, based on the moderate to high heritability estimated on the seedling generation. The highest selection gains were for skin texture, tuber general appearance, tuber number, average tuber weight and total tuber yield.

Correlation coefficients, path analysis and disease reaction between yield and yield components in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes in Bale, South Eastern Ethiopia

Study on the relationships between yield and its components will improve the efficiency of breeding programmes by determining appropriate selection criteria. An investigation was carried out on 24 potato genotypes to find out the association among yield, yield components and their direct and indirect effects on tuber yield of potato. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications at Sinana Agricultural Research Center. The association was analyzed by correlation coefficient, and further subjected to path analysis to estimate direct and indirect effects of each character on tuber yield. Positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic correlation were found between total tuber yield and marketable tuber yield (rg=0.99), leaf area index (rg=0.82), plant height(rg=0.56), stem number per plant(rg=0.56), average tuber weight (rg=0.74) and biomass yield (rg=0.69). Path analysis of tuber yield and its components shows that marketable tuber yield and average tuber weight had maximum positive direct genotypic and phenotypic effect on total tuber yield indicating their importance in selection for tuber yield improvement.