scholarly journals THE STATE OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN THE KINGDOM OF MOROCCO

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
P.S. Guryanov
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
High Tech ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
European Standards

Abstract. IThe purpose of the article was to study the main characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry in Morocco. As materials were studied the official websites of pharmaceutical manufacturers in Morocco, policy documents of industrial pharmaceutical associations, specialized pharmaceutical press of Morocco, educational resources of Morocco and France. As a result, it was found that the pharmaceutical industries of Morocco and Russia are already interacting with each other: BIOCAD supplies high-tech drugs and production technologies to Morocco, Morocco has placed an order with R-Pharm for the purchase of a vaccine against COVID-19, produced under the license of AstraZeneca, and also ordered a million doses of Sputnik V vaccine. Morocco is one of the fastest growing countries in the Middle East and Africa with an economy of $119 billion, a population of 37 million,andtotalhealthspendingof5.5%ofGDP.Expendituresforhealthcarearequitehigh-53.6%oftotalfamilyexpenditures. 31.7% of total health care expenditure is spent on drug purchases. The pharmaceutical industry in Morocco began to develop in 1960 after the end of the French protector and the introduction of the obligation to localize drugs sold in Morocco by foreign pharmaceutical companies. The pharmaceutical industry in Morocco is represented by 51 factories, which cover 2/3 of the country’s drug needs. Mostly generics are produced, 10% of production is exported. The volume of the issue is $1.68 billion (2nd place in Africa). The products are of high quality and certified according to European standards. Morocco is endeavoring to transform its pharmaceutical industry into a strategic asset for influencing African countries through the creation of an «African House of Medicines» based in Morocco, which is the manufacturing and logistics center for medicines in Africa. The main documents regulating the pharmaceutical industry are: Law No. 17-04 of 2006. “Code of Medicines and Pharmacy” and Order of the Minister of Health No. 902-08 5654 of 2008. “Requirements for the premises of pharmaceutical organizations.” Thus, we conclude that the Kingdom is a regional leader with ambitious plans and a large backlog that needs new technologies, markets for pharmaceutical products, a large number of qualified personnel, high-tech drugs at affordable prices. The intensification of cooperation between Russia and Morocco will help both countries to gain a foothold in the rapidly growing pharmaceutical market in Africa.

scholarly journals Ukraine's pharmaceuticals: from dependence to endogenous development

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-33
Author(s):  
Olena Salikhova ◽  
◽  
Daria Honcharenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The article substantiates various theoretical and applied principles of developing high-tech pharmaceutical industries (HTPI). It is established that the key problem of developing countries in this area is the dependence on resources and markets of developed countries, while the involvement of advanced foreign technologies can be a catalyst for increasing the technological potential of host countries (subject to the availability of proper knowledge and human capital, changes in the institutional environment, and improved the framework conditions for innovation). In the context of the development of HTPI, the author shows the importance of the network nature of the acquisition by pharmaceutical companies of sustainable competitive advantages based on resources that are difficult to simulate or replace. It is substantiated that networks built with local research institutions, higher education institutions, and research units of other companies, give pharmaceutical manufacturers the opportunity to access complementary assets and become their specific resource, which provides unique competitive advantages. The author reveals various methodological and statistical features of the categorization of industries by the level of technology in the conditions of globalization. It is substantiated that the current low value of the ratio of research and development (R&D) to value-added generated by pharmaceuticals of individual countries is not a sign of the industry’s low technological level, as the current revenues are the result of long-term R&D and harmonization procedures for launching new drugs with lags of 10-15 years. A new tool for the study of international trade in high-tech pharmaceuticals is proposed, whose peculiar feature consists in the categorization of nomenclature items by end use; the List of high-tech medical and pharmaceutical intermediate goods is formulated (in accordance with SITC Rev.4 and UKT FEA); the following indicators are proposed: the coefficient of import dependence of pharmaceutical production, the coefficient of "purified" exports of pharmaceutical products and the coefficient of imports coverage with HTPI output, and the formulas for their calculation are provided. The author's approach is the first to create the opportunity to assess the scale of costs and the dependence of the pharmaceutical industry on imported components that embody advanced technologies and are the industrial supplies for HTPI. It was found that in Ukraine the share of foreign intermediate high-tech goods in the consumption of the industry reaches 82.2%; the industry, working on imported substances, produces mainly products for the domestic market, without earning foreign currency, even to cover the cost of purchasing the necessary ingredients; manufacturers do not rely on synthesized chemical products of domestic production, primarily due to the fact that the products of the chemical industry for the needs of pharmaceuticals in Ukraine are virtually non-existent; and the increase in output depends on foreign technologies and intermediate goods. It is substantiated that Ukraine’s pharmaceutical industry is critically dependent on imported supplies to ensure the smooth operation of enterprises and the healthcare industry. Key endogenous barriers that hinder the development of HTPI have been identified, including problems in the training of specialists and a lack of scientists whose competencies would contribute to solving the problems of endogenous development of the industry; lack of state aid to business entities for research, and technological and innovative activities; lack of own funds to increase expenditures on R&D and implementation of large-scale investment and innovation projects; and lack of cheap loans, due to which Ukrainian pharmaceutical manufacturers find themselves in unequal conditions compared to foreign competitors. Conceptual bases of HTPI development in Ukraine are proposed; justified the expediency of legal changes, definition of strategic priorities and introduction of measures of development of HTPI in Ukraine based on the comprehensive approach, which will cover creation and development of pharmaceutical ingredients for medicines (chemical and biotechnological goods), medical products, fillers, packing materials, machinery and equipment for pharmaceuticals to help reduce the dependence on foreign technologies, and to increase the level of production localization, employment and revenues to the budgets of all levels.

Ukraine's pharmaceuticals: from dependence to endogenous development

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-35
Author(s):  
Olena Salikhova ◽  
◽  
Daria Honcharenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The article substantiates various theoretical and applied principles of developing high-tech pharmaceutical industries (HTPI). It is established that the key problem of developing countries in this area is the dependence on resources and markets of developed countries, while the involvement of advanced foreign technologies can be a catalyst for increasing the technological potential of host countries (subject to the availability of proper knowledge and human capital, changes in the institutional environment, and improved the framework conditions for innovation). In the context of the development of HTPI, the author shows the importance of the network nature of the acquisition by pharmaceutical companies of sustainable competitive advantages based on resources that are difficult to simulate or replace. It is substantiated that networks built with local research institutions, higher education institutions, and research units of other companies, give pharmaceutical manufacturers the opportunity to access complementary assets and become their specific resource, which provides unique competitive advantages. The author reveals various methodological and statistical features of the categorization of industries by the level of technology in the conditions of globalization. It is substantiated that the current low value of the ratio of research and development (R&D) to value-added generated by pharmaceuticals of individual countries is not a sign of the industry’s low technological level, as the current revenues are the result of long-term R&D and harmonization procedures for launching new drugs with lags of 10-15 years. A new tool for the study of international trade in high-tech pharmaceuticals is proposed, whose peculiar feature consists in the categorization of nomenclature items by end use; the List of high-tech medical and pharmaceutical intermediate goods is formulated (in accordance with SITC Rev.4 and UKT FEA); the following indicators are proposed: the coefficient of import dependence of pharmaceutical production, the coefficient of "purified" exports of pharmaceutical products and the coefficient of imports coverage with HTPI output, and the formulas for their calculation are provided. The author's approach is the first to create the opportunity to assess the scale of costs and the dependence of the pharmaceutical industry on imported components that embody advanced technologies and are the industrial supplies for HTPI. It was found that in Ukraine the share of foreign intermediate high-tech goods in the consumption of the industry reaches 82.2%; the industry, working on imported substances, produces mainly products for the domestic market, without earning foreign currency, even to cover the cost of purchasing the necessary ingredients; manufacturers do not rely on synthesized chemical products of domestic production, primarily due to the fact that the products of the chemical industry for the needs of pharmaceuticals in Ukraine are virtually non-existent; and the increase in output depends on foreign technologies and intermediate goods. It is substantiated that Ukraine’s pharmaceutical industry is critically dependent on imported supplies to ensure the smooth operation of enterprises and the healthcare industry. Key endogenous barriers that hinder the development of HTPI have been identified, including problems in the training of specialists and a lack of scientists whose competencies would contribute to solving the problems of endogenous development of the industry; lack of state aid to business entities for research, and technological and innovative activities; lack of own funds to increase expenditures on R&D and implementation of large-scale investment and innovation projects; and lack of cheap loans, due to which Ukrainian pharmaceutical manufacturers find themselves in unequal conditions compared to foreign competitors. Conceptual bases of HTPI development in Ukraine are proposed; justified the expediency of legal changes, definition of strategic priorities and introduction of measures of development of HTPI in Ukraine based on the comprehensive approach, which will cover creation and development of pharmaceutical ingredients for medicines (chemical and biotechnological goods), medical products, fillers, packing materials, machinery and equipment for pharmaceuticals to help reduce the dependence on foreign technologies, and to increase the level of production localization, employment and revenues to the budgets of all levels.

scholarly journals Comparative Advantages of National Pharmaceutical Industries through the Prism of New Indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
O. B. Salikhova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Market ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Production Facilities

Specific ways of the emergence of new actors in the global market of pharmaceutical goods is investigated, with substantiating the role of transnational corporations (TNC), their investment and technologies in establishing pharmaceutical industries in developing countries. The cases of Puerto Rico and Ireland are taken in order to demonstrate the background for expansion of manufacturing of medicines and medical products and analyze the tendencies in their export capacity building. The factors making pharmaceutical TNC transfer production facilities to India and China are substantiated and implications of this process are highlighted. It is revealed that due to the production internationalization, countries that had been net importers of pharmaceuticals just several decades ago have joined the group of key suppliers to external markets. Because American and European TNC are leading in the pharmaceutical industry by R&D expenditure, they are the principal holders of advanced technologies in the industry. It follows that manufacturing of medicines and medical products in most part of countries either directly or indirectly depend on innovative products of TNC and their technology transfer via various channels (both licensing and imports of components, active pharmaceutical ingredients in particular). It is shown that with the emergence of new market actors coming from developing countries, traditional approaches to determining comparative advantages of counties in the global trade need to be improved. The cases of countries that are recipients of foreign technologies, on which territories powerful high tech pharmaceutical production facilities with high shares of intermediate consumption and heavy export supplies are located due to TNC investment or local public-private capital, give evidence that the classical RCA indicator allows to measure visible comparative advantages in the trade in goods rather than revealed ones. It is proposed that analyses of advantages at country level should include the indicator of high tech goods supplies, to provide for a more accurate description of the innovation component in advanced industries. A new approach to the assessment of comparative advantages of high tech pharmaceutical manufacturing is proposed and tested, which is based on the principle of specialization and use of the ratio of Comparative Advantage in Value Added Activity (CAVA) in particular. It is revealed that the pharmaceutical industry of Ireland, Jordan, Singapore, India or Columbia, with reliance on foreign investment and technologies, could gain advantages in value added creation and dominate the national economies. It is shown that Ukraine is enhancing the advantages in value added creation in the pharmaceutical industry; is it substantiated that due to low R&D and innovation performance and heavy dependence on imported components, capacity building of this industry and its current advantages result from global tendencies and global market conjunctures rather than from the implementation of the national science & technology priorities. According to the author’s recommendation, the proposed approach to determining comparative advantages in value added creation should be used for the assessment of other high tech industries, apart from the pharmaceutical industry, and that is should be supplemented by statistical tools for analysis of foreign trade in finished and intermediate high tech goods.

Integrated continuous manufacturing in pharmaceutical industry: current evolutionary steps toward revolutionary future

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada A Helal ◽  
Ola Elnoweam ◽  
Heba Abdullah Eassa ◽  
Ahmed M Amer ◽  
Mohamed Ashraf Eltokhy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Process Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Continuous Manufacturing ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
On Line ◽  
And Control

Continuous manufacturing (CM) has the potential to provide pharmaceutical products with better quality, improved yield and with reduced cost and time. Moreover, ease of scale-up, small manufacturing footprint and on-line/in-line monitoring and control of the process are other merits for CM. Regulating authorities are supporting the adoption of CM by pharmaceutical manufacturers through issuing proper guidelines. However, implementation of this technology in pharmaceutical industry is encountered by a number of challenges regarding the process development and quality assurance. This article provides a background on the implementation of CM in pharmaceutical industry, literature survey of the most recent state-of-the-art technologies and critically discussing the encountered challenges and its future prospective in pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Future Prospects and Barriers of Pharmaceutical Industries in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesmin Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
The World ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The present study is focused towards the analysis of different barriers and prospects of pharmaceutical industries in Bangladesh. Pharmaceutical industry is one of the most promising sectors in Bangladesh. After the promulgation of local industry friendly Drug (Control) Ordinance in 1982 the scenario of pharmaceutical industries changed considerably. Now, after fulfilling the local demand Bangladesh is exporting pharmaceutical products to over 100 countries of the world. There are still lots of space for Bangladesh to flourish in this sector. So initiatives from the stakeholders are required to ensure the remarkable growth of pharmaceutical industries in Bangladesh. In this study, the scopes of advancement and the factors that can hinder the growth of pharmaceutical business are discussed thoroughly.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 53-57, 2016

scholarly journals STUDYING INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR IN SELECTED DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Seyede Zeinab Mousavi ◽  
Saeed Rasekhi ◽  
Mina Golestani ◽  
Ali Imani
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Value Added ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
R And D ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers

 Objectives: Competitiveness is the ability of countries in increasing market share, profits, value added, and staying at the scene of fair and international competition for a long period of time. This is realized through market authority and establishing activities based on comparative and competitive advantages. On the other hand, the research-based pharmaceutical industry makes a major contribution to the prosperity of the world economy. It is a robust sector that has been one of the pillars of industrialized economies and is increasingly recognized as an important sector in the developing world as well. Furthermore, global sales of pharmaceutical products represent the international spread of medical technology that comes as the result of highly intensive R and D efforts in the exporting countries (International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations, 2012). The present study aimed to analyze and investigate the international competitiveness of pharmaceutical sector in selected developed countries using traditional and new indices of competitiveness.Methods: In this study, revealed comparative advantage index and also static and dynamic intra-industry trade (IIT) indices were used in the period 2000–2012.Results: The results indicated the growing competitiveness in most of the selected countries. Furthermore, the findings suggested that countries with higher levels of international trading of pharmaceutical goods have a higher potential of competitiveness based on IIT and comparative advantage indices.Conclusions: For increase in international competitiveness in pharmaceutical industry, selected developed countries pay attention to both comparative and competitive advantages.

scholarly journals Regulatory Comparative Quality Systems of India and USA and its Significance in Pharmaceutical Industry Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2457-2462
Author(s):  
Prabhakar V S ◽  
Beula Evangeline C ◽  
Aravindhanathan V ◽  
Sruthi N ◽  
Gowthamarajan K
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Speed Up

The intentions of the current study are to compare the regulatory requirements of USFDA and CDSCO-Schedule M in GMP with significance to the pharmaceutical industry to speed up the criteria for enforcement to facilitate the regulatory approval of specified pharmaceutical products in the United States and India. The literature search is done using different resources, such as regulatory authority websites, pharmaceutical review articles, journals and public domains. To discuss the numerous dilemmas, root causes and challenges confront by pharmaceutical companies and to suggest remedial and pro-active measures to GMP issues and all pharmaceutical manufacturers are required to develop and enforce effective quality control systems in order to ensure quality. Whereas the regulated markets like the United States have well-established guidance compared to emerging markets like India on good manufacturing practice compliance, to assess the effectiveness of this quality management systems, inspections are carried out on manufacturing units. The primary objective of the analysis is to differentiate between the type of application or license that causes the inspection and the outcome of the inspection and to also provide enough details identified by the authority during the evaluation.

scholarly journals HIGH-TECH PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING IN UKRAINE: CHALLENGES OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 128-154
Author(s):  
SALIKHOVA Olena ◽  
HONCHARENKO Daria
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Background. The crisis COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted that EU have strategic dependencies, particularly in the most sensitive industrial ecosystems such as for health. Ukraine implements the policy of European economic integration and the development of the pharmaceutical sector must take into account both European considerations and national interests. Analysis of recent researches and publications revealed that the crisis COVID-19 pandemic revealed pharmaceutical industry problems; that require further study for adequate reproduction of the best practices in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to explore the EU experience, to define and justify the necessary policy measures for the development of pharmaceuticals in Ukraine in the context of European integration. Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis for writing the article was the works of domestic and foreign scholars on the outlines of an industrial policy for the pharmaceutical sector. The research was conducted using the methods of theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, analysis and synthesis, which made it possible to justify the need for changes in the management of high-tech pharmaceutical industries development in Ukraine. Results. The regulations in force in Ukraine regulate legal relations in the pharmaceutical sector in the context of EU integration, but do not define the priorities of the sector and the measures to achieve them or the mechanisms for their implementation. Recommendations for Ukraine have been given, the implementation of which will accelerate the development of national high-tech pharmaceutical industries and related sectors of the economy taking into account changes in EU policy. Conclusion. In Ukraine, first of all it is necessary to define the conceptual foundations of the strategy of development of the high-tech industry of pharmaceuticals and medical products, based on the modern challenges and threats, as well as global trends in the technology development; to build an effective decision making vertical on the implementation of industrial policy for the pharmaceutical sector, identify strategic priorities and evaluate the necessary funding, to introduce state support programs, introduce instruments to stimulate domestic demand for Ukrainian pharmaceutical and medical products, make changes to the public procurement system for the development of industry for national security purposes. Recommendations are proposed as to: improving the normative-legal and institutional principles of the development of pharmaceutical industry; strengthening the cooperation of the State, academic, educational, private sector and public; creating stable resources of funding programs and projects on the basis of public-private partnerships.

scholarly journals Russia’s Strategy in the African Direction: what has Changed Since the Russia-Africa Summit 2019?

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
I. Abramova ◽  
L. Fituni
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
High Tech ◽  
African Continent ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
The Russian Federation

More than two years have passed since the first Russia-Africa Summit and Economic Forum, which were successfully held in Sochi in October 2019. The very fact of holding an event of this magnitude testifies both to the historical “turn” of the Russian Federation towards the African continent, and to the unprecedented enthusiasm of the African side about the “return” of Russia to Africa. The task facing the organizers of the next Russia-Africa Summit is to consolidate and build on the success achieved in October 2019. Obviously, the second forum should not be a repetition of the first, but a qualitatively new step in the development of Russian-African relations, therefore, its meaningful content needs to be substantially enhanced and expanded. It is necessary to move from the formulation of goals and objectives of Russian policy in the African direction to the implementation of specific projects and the development of a mechanism and tools for mutually beneficial cooperation. It is vital to show the Africans exactly how Russia differs from other partners of the continent, and to highlight those areas of cooperation that can contribute to the implementation of the strategic development tasks of the Russian Federation and the African continent. The authors of the article posit, that the key link in our relations in the near future, which will be attractive for African countries and will contribute to the successful economic development of the Russian Federation, can be the development of bilateral opportunities for technological partnership, since it becomes for the interacting parties a driver for the development of their economies in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and an incentive to create new strategic alliances. In a post-pandemic world, the demand for Russian technologies in Africa can grow significantly, since Russia has high competencies in precisely those areas that are most in demand today on the African continent. The transfer of Russian technologies, as well as cooperation in the scientific field, are not only beneficial to Russia in terms of image, presenting Moscow as a force contributing to the advanced development of Africa and strengthening its economic sovereignty. It allows our country to form an army of its supporters in the states of the continent by solving the problem of overcoming technological backwardness and training qualified personnel who will master and promote specifically Russian technological solutions. In addition, Russia receives a vast “testing ground” for processing and improving its technologies, which are in demand by the fast-growing young African population, and a huge market for Russian high-tech goods and services, which is so necessary for many Russians, including regional, manufacturers who are ready to increase their production, but experience difficulties in marketing their produce.

Global Macrotrends in Pharmaceutical Industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-110
Author(s):  
Suganya S.
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Strategic Context ◽  
Market Shaping

The pharmaceutical industry is trending in business decisions to demonstrate financial impact, influence on the behavior of consumers, governments, and businesses. This impact is beyond geographies and industries. It must be understood how a trend's impact will manifest itself in an actionable business planning horizon. Most of the pharmaceutical industries believe that global trends will shape business decisions over the next 5 to 10 years. Each management team in the pharmaceutical industry works on the global forces shaping their strategic context. The collisions approach is a systematic way to capture trends in strategy that enables your leadership team to rapidly combine multiple trends, facts, and perspectives to identify the “market-shaping force” that has the power to significantly shift spending and profit pools. This chapter discusses the effective competition in the pharmaceutical industry in the implementation of new technologies and trends to contribute to broader solutions.

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