scholarly journals Environmental trial of pea breeding acessions

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
L. M. Shevchenko ◽  
A. O. Vasylenko ◽  
V. I. Sichkar ◽  
N. O. Vus ◽  
I. M. Bezuglyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Genotypic Effect ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Ideal Genotype

The aim of the study was to determine the information content and adequacy of the ecological testing points of the pea breeding material and to identify the "ideal" genotype. Materials and methods. The breeding material in the experiments was represented by cultivars bred at the PPI nd.a. V.Ya. Yuriev (Tsarevych, Oplot, Otaman, Metsenat, Korvet, Haiduk, and Malakhit) and ten breeding lines (SL 11-129, SL 11-213, SL 11-55, SL 11-58, SL 10-37, SL 11-32, SL 10-132, SL 09-118, SL 11-166, and SL 11-176). In addition there was one cultivar (Svit) bred at the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute. All the cultivars are leafless, semi-dwarf, mid-ripening, except for Tsarevych (mid-early). The field experiments were carried out in accordance with the methods of field experimentation, using the conventional pea growing technology. The seeding rate was 1.2 million germinable seeds/ha; the plot area was 10 m2. To evaluate the accessions for the variability in different environments, we used a regression model developed by S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russel, where the regression coefficient is an indicator of the genotype-environment interaction. This model is included in "Guidelines for Environmental Trials of Corn". Results and discussion. Thus, comparing the regression coefficient in pea cultivars Oplot, Tsarevych, Haiduk, Korvet, and Metsenat, we could conclude that these accessions were highly intensive in the OSES conditions and extensive in the PPI NAAS conditions (except for Metsenat). Regarding the regression coefficient in the breeding lines, none of them had a regression coefficient of 1.0. Over the study period, the regression coefficient was 1.4 only in line SL 11-58 (PPI NAAS) and 1.2 (OSES), characterizing this line as intensive regardless of the place of cultivation. Taking into account that the regression coefficient values of <1 are intrinsic to extensive accessions, lines SL 10-132 (RC = 0.4) and SL 11-176 (RC = 0.8) are preferred. Because these accessions also have a high genotypic effect. In addition, the regression coefficient in breeding line SL 09-118 was 0.9, with a genotypic effect of 0.07. Such combination of the indicators characterizes the line as relatively stable, with sufficient potential performance, and this breeding line will not be demanding to growing conditions similar to the OSES ones. Conclusions. Thus, the evaluation of both cultivars and breeding lines in the environmental trial showed that the pea breeding at the Plant Production Institute named after VYa Yuryev had a significant potential to create cultivars that would be well-adapted to both eastern and southern conditions, and that environmental trials remained an effective tool for assessing breeding material and selecting accessions with the maximum fulfillment of the genetic potential

scholarly journals Yield performance and stability of modern breeding stock of spring durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) from Russia and Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 939-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Mal’chikov ◽  
M. A. Rozova ◽  
A. I. Morgunov ◽  
M. G. Myasnikova ◽  
Yu. I. Zelensky
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Ecological Sites ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Research Institute

Identifcation of adaptive responses of breeding material, developed in different breeding centers, helps to purposefully correct these traits where it is necessary. Thus, 42 modern breeding lines from eight institutions of Russia and Kazakhstan were studied in comparison with the historical standard Bezenchukskaya 139 in trails of 16-17 and 18 KASIB-SDW (Kazakhstan-Siberian net for wheat improvement, spring durum wheat) in 2015–2017. Field experiments and yield measurements in each ecological cite were similar. To solve these tasks of the experiment, two-factor ANOVA, methods for adaptability assessment cluster analysis and principle component method were applied. As a result, it was established that 1) genotype and genotype – environment interaction (overall 15.8–23.5 % of total dispersion) had signifcant effect on yield variability; 2) genotype – environment interactions were of linear nature and had no destabilizing effect; 3) all the genotypes tested can be distributed in three clusters, the frst one for locally adapted varieties, the third for varieties of a wide areal, the second included genotypes with intermediate characteristics; 4) breeding centers of the Federal Altai Scientifc Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies and of the Research Institute of Agriculture of South-East produced predominantly varieties of local importance, the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture – varieties of wide area; 5) a stable trend of increased mean yield compared to historical standard Bezenchukskaya 139 over ecological sites was observed only for Samara varieties; 6) varieties of all the breeding centers had no stable difference from Bezenchukskaya 139 concerning stability and responsiveness, which can be explained by an incomplete breeding process for these parameters and confrms the importance of the KASIB program; 7) a trend of yield increase compared to Bezenchukskaya 139 under testing in defnite local environments had more stable parameters with the largest progress observed in the Altai Research Institute of Agriculture (135.4 and 163.2 % to Bezenchukskaya 139), which can be explained by a high efciency of breeding of locally adapted varieties in the breeding center.

scholarly journals GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION OF ADVANCED SOYBEAN BREEDING LINES IN LAMPUNG UPLAND SOILS

Zuriat ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darman M. Arsyad ◽  
, Purwantoro
Keyword(s):  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Upland Soil ◽  
Soybean Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Upland Soils ◽  
Plot Design

Availability of adapted cultivars is needed for the development of soybean cultivation in upland soil in Lampung, Sumatra. Twelve advanced soybean breeding lines and two check varieties (Tanggamus and Wilis) were tested on upland soils of Lampung Province. The trials were conducted in the District of Tulangbawang, Central Lampung, East Lampung and South Lampung during the late rainy season of 2003/2004. Two sites were selected per district for a total of eight sites for the four districts. A split plot design with three replications was used within each location. Plot size was 2.4 m x 4.5 m, plant spacing of 40 cm between rows and 15 cm within a row, and two plants per hill. The mainplot was fertilizer: A= Low inputs (22.5 kg N, 27 kg P2O5, and 40 kg K2O per ha), and B=Medium inputs (22.5 kg N, 36 kg P2O5, 53 kg K2O and 0.56 t CaO per ha). The fertilizers were applied before planting. The subplots were 12 soybean breeding lines together with two check soybean varieties. Results showed that soybean yields were affected significantly by locations, fertilizers, breeding lines, location x fertilizer and location x breeding line interactions. Plant height was affected siginificantly by locations, fertilizers, breeding lines and location x breeding interaction. Pods per plant  were affected by locations, fertilizers, location x fertilizer and location x breeding line interactions. All breeding lines and varieties were responsive to changing environments. Based on the smallest Pi parameter (the distance mean square between the cultivar’s response and the maximum response averaged over all locations), and the highest frequency of rank, three breeding lines, namely W3465-27-2 (released in 2004 as cv. Ratai), cv. Tanggamus and D3578- 3/K3911-66-3 were identified as wide adaptability genotypes with the yield potential of more than 2.4 t/ha with an average of 1.6 t/ha.

scholarly journals Variability of selected quantitative traits in new spring barley genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wiśniewska ◽  
Anna Fraś ◽  
Agnieszka Dmoch
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Barley Genotypes

The research included 19 breeding lines and 4 cultivars of spring barley from the preliminary field experiments harvested in 2020 in Radzików. All barley samples were characterized for the content of protein, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) with soluble (S-NSP) and insoluble (I-NSP) fractions and β-glucan. Additionally, viscosity of water extracts (WEV) was measured to determine the functional properties of the grain. It was the most diverse parameter (CV = 27%) and was significantly correlated with β-glucan content (r = 0.50; for p <0.05). This dependence is shown by the results obtained for the grain of the Avatar cultivar and the RAH 744/19 breeding line, in which the content of β-glucan (5.3% and 4.8%, respectively), as well as the WEV (3.3 mPa.s and 3.0 mPa.s, respectively) were the highest. The lowest content of β – glucan (3.5%) and one of the lowest WEV values (1.4 mPa.s) were observed for KWS Jessie cultivar. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a substantial impact of the two components PC1 and PC2 on the variability of the analyzed material showing significant variability of the 5 barley genotypes and confirmed the previous results of biochemical analyzes. Our results made it possible to indicate several genotypes that may constitute a source of variability in breeding works aimed at improving the quality of barley. Presented study also show that the grain of some new barley genotypes, with a favorable chemical composition from a fodder and brewing perspective, is a good material for future use in industry.

scholarly journals Field assessment of the susceptibility of onion cultivars to thrips attack – preliminary results

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Maria Pobożniak ◽  
Marta Leśniak ◽  
Alicja Chuda ◽  
Adela Adamus
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Abstract Field experiments on the susceptibility of onion to thrips infestation were carried out in 2012 and 2013. The investigation used 18 cultivars and 5 breeding lines of Allium cepa, and the species A. fistulosum and A. roylei. In 2012 A. fistulosum was one of the most infested plants, whereas in 2013 infestation was no more than average. The most infested cultivars of A. cepa were ‘Efekt’, ‘Alonso F1’, ‘Alibaba’ and ‘Wama’ and the ‘NOE5’ breeding line. In 2012 the extent of damage ranged from 12 to 55%, in 2013 from 20 to 30%. The ‘NOE2’, ‘NOE3’ and ‘Wama’ cultivars were the most seriously damaged by thrips. Leaf damage to A. fistulosum was minimal. No damage was caused to the wild species A. roylei by feeding onion thrips.

Peanut Genotype and Seeding Rate Effects on Spotted Wilt

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
J. P. Beasley ◽  
R. S. Tubbs ◽  
C. C. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Establishing high plant populations helps suppress epidemics of spotted wilt, caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). However, seed costs make it desirable to minimize seeding rates used. To determine whether new resistant genotypes can allow use of reduced seeding rates, field experiments were conducted at Tifton, GA, in 2008-2009 in which seven genotypes were combined factorially with two seeding rates, 9.8 and 19.7 seed/m of row. Genotypes included three cultivars (Georgia Green, Georgia-01R, and Georgia-02C) and four advanced breeding lines (GA 052524, GA 052527, GA 052529, and C724-19-25). Across years and genotypes, final incidences of spotted wilt and standardized areas under the spotted wilt disease progress curves were lower, and yields were higher in all other cultivars and breeding lines than in the moderately TSWV-resistant cultivar Georgia Green. Final incidence of spotted wilt was lower in GA 052527 and GA 052529 than in any of the cultivar standards, and yields of all four breeding lines were higher than for any of the three cultivars. Across genotypes, final incidence of spotted wilt and standardized areas under the spotted wilt disease progress curves were lower and yield was higher for the 19.8 seed/m treatment than the 9.8 seed/m. Accepted for publication 30 November 2011. Published 27 February 2012.

Current situation with the core collection of spring triticale of the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
S.V. Chernobai ◽  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
T.B. Kapustina ◽  
V.S. Melnyk ◽  
O.E. Shchechenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Spring Triticale

Goal. To build up a spring triticale genetic bank to provide breeding, scientific and educational institutions with initial material and to preserve the existing diversity. To update the database of accessions with a set of valuable economic and morphological features. Results and discussion. The methodology and results of the collection formation and evaluation of spring triticale accessions in the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine of Plant Production Institute nd. a V. Ya. Yuriev are presented. The formed collection includes 1,935 accessions from 27 countries: 42 varieties and 1,478 breeding lines from Ukraine, 92 varieties and 248 lines from foreign countries and also 75 genetic lines. The collection was formed by major valuable economic features (plant height, growing season length, spike threshing, yield, 1000-grain weight, disease resistance, technological properties, etc.). Accessions with the majority of morpho-biological and valuable economic features were selected. All the accessions in the collection are certificated. 1,762 accessions were packed for storage into the National Depository; 1,507 of them were packed for long-term storage. Conclusions. The gene pool of spring triticale from the collection of the Gene Bank of Plants of Ukraine is widely used for breeding. This allows conducting hybridization of genetically and ecologically remote forms with various expressions of features and obtaining whole new breeding material. Involvement of collection accessions in breeding allows generating new genetic sources of valuable economic features.

Characterization of the Reproductive Mode in Guayule In Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 483a-483
Author(s):  
Roy N. Keys ◽  
Dennis T. Ray ◽  
David A. Dierig
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Reproductive Modes ◽  
Desert Southwest ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) is a latex-producing perennial desert shrub that is potentially of economic importance as an industrial crop for the desert Southwest. It is known to possess complex reproductive modes. Diploids are predominantly sexual and self-incompatible, while polyploids show a range of apomictic potential and self-compatibility. This paper describes the development of a relatively rapid and simple technique for characterizing reproductive modes of breeding lines of P. argentatum. Initial field experiments were based on an auxin test used successfully to characterize reproductive mode in the Poaceae. The application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inhibited embryo formation in P. argentatum, but this was not the case with other auxins tested. Results of field experiments were ambiguous because: 1) the floral structure of P. argentatum is such that auxins might not have penetrated to the ovules, and 2) there was potential self-fertilization by pollen released within isolation bags. Therefore, in vitro culture of flower heads was tested because it provided much better control of environmental conditions, growth regulator application, and pollen release. Auxin alone, or in combination with gibberellic acid or kinetin, inhibited parthenogenesis in vitro. Embryo production did not vary using two substantially different nutrient media. In vitro flower head culture using a (Nitsch and Nitsch) liquid nutrient medium without growth regulators, enabled characterization of the reproductive mode of seven breeding lines, ranging from predominantly sexual to predominantly apomictic. The results of this technique were substantiated using RAPD analyzes of progeny arrays from controlled crosses.

scholarly journals Field Evaluations of Leaf Spot Resistance and Yield in Peanut Genotypes in the United States and Bolivia

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Gremillion ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
B. G. Mullinix ◽  
R. N. Pittman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Progress Curve

Field experiments were conducted in 2002 to 2006 to characterize yield potential and disease resistance in the Bolivian landrace peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cv. Bayo Grande, and breeding lines developed from crosses of Bayo Grande and U.S. cv. Florida MDR-98. Diseases of interest included early leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola, and late leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercosporidium personatum. Bayo Grande, MDR-98, and three breeding lines, along with U.S. cvs. C-99R and Georgia Green, were included in split-plot field experiments in six locations across the United States and Bolivia. Whole-plot treatments consisted of two tebuconazole applications and a nontreated control. Genotypes were the subplot treatments. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for percent defoliation due to leaf spot was lower for Bayo Grande and all breeding lines than for Georgia Green at all U.S. locations across years. AUDPC for disease incidence from one U.S. location indicated similar results. Severity of leaf spot epidemics and relative effects of the genotypes were less consistent in the Bolivian experiments. In Bolivia, there were no indications of greater levels of disease resistance in any of the breeding lines than in Bayo Grande. In the United States, yields of Bayo Grande and the breeding lines were greater than those of the other genotypes in 1 of 2 years. In Bolivia, low disease intensity resulted in the highest yields in Georgia Green, while high disease intensity resulted in comparable yields among the breeding lines, MDR-98, and C-99R. Leaf spot suppression by tebuconazole was greater in Bolivia than in the United States. This result indicates a possible higher level of fungicide resistance in the U.S. population of leaf spot pathogens. Overall, data from this study suggest that Bayo Grande and the breeding lines may be desirable germplasm for U.S. and Bolivian breeding programs or production.

scholarly journals Late Leaf Spot Severity and Yield of New Peanut Breeding Lines and Cultivars Grown Without Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1843-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Jordan ◽  
Albert K. Culbreath ◽  
Timothy B. Brenneman ◽  
Robert C. Kemerait ◽  
William D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Width Measurements

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars with resistance or tolerance to Cercospora arachidicola and/or Cercosporidium personatum, the causes of early and late leaf spot, respectively, are needed for organic production in the southeastern U.S. To determine the potential of new breeding lines for use in such production systems, field experiments were conducted in Tifton, GA, in 2014 and 2015 in which nine breeding lines and two cultivars, Georgia-06G and Georgia-12Y, were grown without foliar fungicide applications. In one set of trials, cultivar Georgia-12Y and most of the breeding lines evaluated had early season vigor ratings, early-season canopy width measurements, final plant populations, and pod yield that were greater than those of standard cultivar Georgia-06G. In those trials, final late leaf spot Florida scale ratings were lower and canopy reflectance measured as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), was higher all the breeding lines than those of Georgia-06G. In another set of trials, two of those same breeding lines had final late leaf spot ratings similar to those of Georgia-12Y in 2014, whereas in 2015, six of those breeding lines had final leaf spot ratings that were lower than those of Georgia-12Y. Yields were similar for Georgia-12Y and all the breeding lines in the Gibbs Farm trials. Across years and breeding lines at the Lang Farm, the relationship between visual estimates of defoliation and NDVI was described by a two sector piecewise regression with NDVI decreasing more rapidly with increasing defoliation above approximately 89%. The utility of NDVI for spot comparisons among breeding lines appears to be limited to situations where there are differences in defoliation. Georgia-12Y and multiple breeding lines evaluated show potential for use in situations such as organic production where acceptable fungicides available for seed treatment and leaf spot control are limited.

Systemic soil modelling and the evaluation of functions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Weller ◽  
Sara König ◽  
Bibiana Betancur-Corredor ◽  
Birgit Lang ◽  
Mareike Ließ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Soil Functions

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;We developed an integrated model of soil processes &amp;#8211; the Bodium &amp;#8211; that enables us to predict possible changes in soil functions under varying agricultural management and climatic change.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The model combines current knowledge on soil processes by integrating state-of-the-art modules on plant growth, root development, soil carbon and matter turnover with new concepts with respect to soil hydrology and soil structure dynamics. The model domain is at profile scale, with 1D nodes of variable thickness and weight. It is tested with long-term field experiments to ensure a consistent output of the combined modules. The model is site-specific and works with different soil types and climates (weather scenarios).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The output can be interpreted towards a broad spectrum of soil functions. Plant production and nutrient balances can be determined directly. The same is possible for water dynamics, with potential surface runoff (as infiltration surplus), storage and percolation together with travel time and groundwater recharge. In addition, nitrate losses are calculated, and the travel time distribution can help with the evaluation of pesticide percolation risk. To evaluate the habitat for biological activity, the activity is calculated in terms of carbon turnover, and the state variables carbon availability, water, air and temperature for the are accessible. Also, for macrofauna the earthworm activity is included. The comparison of scenario runs can be evaluated quantitatively in terms of potential developments of soil functions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The model is work in progress. Further modules that will be implemented are pH dynamics, more explicit microbial activity, and a more complete set of effects of agricultural management on soil structure are integrated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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