scholarly journals Effect of temperature on flight initiation in Mastrus ridens

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 325-325
Author(s):  
V.A. Davis ◽  
W.R.M Sandanayaka ◽  
A. Chhagan ◽  
J.G. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Host Stage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Net Cage ◽  
Mastrus Ridens ◽  
Flight Initiation

Mastrus ridens (Horstmann) (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) is a gregarious ectoparasitoid of cocooned larvae of codling moth Cydia pomonella (L) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) This host stage is available for parasitism by M ridens (which is not known to diapause) throughout winter and early spring A study was conducted at ambient field temperatures during this period to investigate the minimum temperature required for flight initiation by M ridens Ten female and 10 male adults (37 days old) from the laboratory were transferred into two containers and placed in an apple orchard for 1 h for temperatures to equilibrate The container was then opened inside a large net cage and the numbers of parasitoids that flew into the cage at different temperatures were recorded The experiment release periods while establishing the parasitoid throughout New Zealand and (2) determine when the females are first active in spring before the codling moth larvae pupate

Temperature-induced pupil movements in insect superposition eyes

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nordstrom ◽  
E.J. Warrant
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Ambient Light Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Response To Temperature

In this paper, we describe the hitherto largely overlooked effect of temperature on the pupil of insect compound eyes. In the turnip moth Agrotis segetum and in two other nocturnal insects with superposition eyes, the lacewing Euroleon nostras and the codling moth Cydia pomonella, the pupil not only opens and closes with changes in the ambient light level, as expected, but also with changes in temperature in the absence of light. In complete darkness, the pupil of A. segetum responds over a wide range of temperatures, with the pupillary pigments migrating to a light-adapted position when the animal is exposed to either low or high temperatures. At temperatures between 21.0 and 22.7 C, the pigments migrate to the fully dark-adapted position, resulting in an open pupil and maximal eye glow. Pupil closure at high temperatures shows two distinct thresholds: the first at 23.8+/−0.7 C and a second some degrees higher at 25.7+/−1.2 C (means +/− s.d., N=10). Temperatures exceeding the first threshold (the activation temperature, T(a)) initiate a closure of the pupil that is completed when the temperature exceeds the second threshold (the closure temperature, T(c)), which causes rapid and complete migration of pigment to the light-adapted position. All temperatures above T(a) affect the pupil, but only temperatures exceeding T(c) result in complete closure. Temperatures between T(a) and T(c) cause a slow, partial and rather unpredictable closure. The lacewing and the codling moth both show very similar responses to those of A. segetum, suggesting that this response to temperature is widespread in superposition eyes. The possibility that the ambient temperature could be used to pre-adapt the eye to different light intensities is discussed.

Mass rearing and release of Mastrus ridens (Hym: Ichneumonidae) a parasitoid for the biological control of codling moth Cydia pomonella.

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. M. Sandanayaka ◽  
J. G. Charles ◽  
V. A. Davis ◽  
A. Chhagan ◽  
P. W. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Mastrus Ridens

scholarly journals CHANGE IN SPECIES COMPOSITION, BIOECOLOGY AND HARMFULNESS OF MAIN APPLIAN PHYTOPHAGES IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE NON-BLACK EARTH ZONE OF RUSSIA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Adalet Sehrab ogly Zeynalov ◽  
Dar'ya Orel
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Scientific Organization ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Federal State

The studies were carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Organization “Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery” (FSBSI FRCHBAN) in 1995-2020. The aim of the research was to clarify the species composition, bioecology, and the characteristics of harmfulness of the main phytophages of apple trees in the Central Region of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia under climate change conditions. Route surveys were carried out in 5 regions of this zone - Bryansk, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Tula. When studying the bioecological features of the development and dynamics of summer of the codling moth and corrosive arboretum, along with other methods, pheromone traps were used. Trapping belts (sticky and corrugated paper) were used to signal the exit of the apple blossom beetle from wintering places, as well as the method of shaking off in the morning, at a temperature of no higher than 10˚С. The count of four-legged microscopic mites in the early spring period was carried out before the leaves blooming by the method of selecting the tops of annual growths up to 10 cm long, at 10 counting sites (to view the opening buds). During the growing season, 10 leaves were sampled (4 ... 5th leaves from the top of the shoot), at each registration area. The analysis of microscopic objects on the selected samples was carried out using an MBS-10 stereoscopic microscope. In the research area, new dangerous invasive apple phytophages were identified: corrosive arboreal tree Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), apple rusty mite Aculus schlechtendali Nalepa (Acariformes: Eriophyidae), apple felt mite Phyllocmespates malinus (Acariformes: Eriophyidae). The bioecology and harmfulness of autochthonous phytophages have changed significantly. The apple moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) gives up to two generations, and the summer lasts up to 132 days. Red (Panonychus ulmi Koch. (Acariformes: Tetranychidae)) and brown (Bryobia redikorzevi Reck (Acariformes: Bryobiidae)) fruit mites, depending on weather conditions, develop in 4 ... 5 generations a year, common spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acariformes: Tetranychidae)) at 7. The prevalence of ticks reaches 100%, and the degree of damage to plants by them is up to 3-4 points. Damage to apple flowers by the weevil Anthonomus pomorum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) reaches 60 ... 85%, the colonization of leaves and shoots by the red-gall aphid Dysaphis devecta Walk. (Homoptera: Aphididae) 35 ... 45%, fruit loss from apple sawfly Haplocampa testudinea Klug. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) 15%

scholarly journals Studierea influenţei componenţilor minori asupra eficienţei feromonilor sexuali ai viermelui mărului

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sleahtici ◽  
◽  
Natalia Raileanu ◽  
Vasilisa Odobescu ◽  
Svetlana Jalba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Number Of Males

In this paper is reported the evaluation of biological efficacy of two minor components that was added to the basic sex pheromone component Cydia pomonella L., E8, E10-C12-OH. The use of minor component- C.M.-1 of increasing concentrations in binary mixture compositions with the basic sex phe-romone component of codling moth on pheromone-impregnated rubber septa in delta pheromone traps has shown an increased effectiveness by 56-62% in field trials on apple orchard. At the same time, the number of males caught in delta pheromone traps where were used minor component - C.M.-2 in binary mixture compositions increased by 29-35%. Auxiliary research is still needed.

Survival of the gregarious ectoparasitoid Mastrus ridens on codling moth, Cydia pomonella, and non-target species

BioControl ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Charles ◽  
W. R. Manoharie Sandanayaka ◽  
Asha Chhagan ◽  
Natalie E. M. Page-Weir
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Mastrus Ridens

Roles of α-Farnesene in the Behaviors of Codling Moth Females

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengming Yan ◽  
Marie Bengtsson ◽  
György Makranczy ◽  
Jan Löfqvist
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Wing Fanning ◽  
And Control

Reproduction and olfactory behavioral responses of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), females to synthetic α-farnesene were observed in the laboratory as well as their reproduction behaviors in an apple orchard. Calling levels were lifted and ovipositional peaks were advanced in codling moth females at presence of 1μg and 0.1 μg of α-farnesene, respectively. Mated females of codling moth more actively responded to 0.01 μg α-farnesene with walking and wing-fanning while walking than to other doses (0.001, 0.1, 1, 10 μg ) and control. The results show that α-farnesene plays important roles in the behaviors of codling moth females. However, the differences between responses to α-farnesene and those to apple volatiles by codling moth females indicate that components other than α-farnesene in apple volatiles also have biological activities

scholarly journals Parasitoids associated with codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in apple-growing regions in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Vicky A. Davis ◽  
W.R. Manoharie Sandanayaka ◽  
John G. Charles
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Light Brown Apple Moth ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Control Light ◽  
Mastrus Ridens

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) (CM) is a major pest of apples in New Zealand. Several biocontrol agents introduced in the past to control CM have only been partially successful at reducing CM populations, so a parasitoid wasp, Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), was recently released into apple-growing regions. This study sought evidence of the establishment of CM parasitoids. Corrugated cardboard bands (2-cm wide bands with sentinel CM larvae and 10-cm wide empty bands to trap wild CM larvae) were used to assess the presence of M. ridens and other CM parasitoids in Hawke’s Bay, Nelson, Central Otago and Waikato regions. Five CM parasitoid species, including M. ridens, were recovered from sentinel and wide bands. Liotryphon caudatus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, released to control CM in 1906) was found in Hawke’s Bay and Waikato. Ascogaster quadridentata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, released to control CM in the 1930s), Glabridorsum stokesii (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, released in 1967 to control light brown apple moth), Dibrachys microgastri (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae, an accidental arrival) and M. ridens were found in all regions. The interspecific competition between M. ridens and other parasitoid species remains to be investigated.

scholarly journals Longevity and fecundity of laboratoryreared Liotryphon caudatus an ectoparasitoid of codling moth

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 318-318
Author(s):  
V.A. Davis ◽  
W.R.M. Sandanayaka ◽  
J.G. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Mastrus Ridens

Liotryphon caudatus was introduced into New Zealand to control codling moth (CM; Cydia pomonella) in the early 1900s As part of ongoing research into the biological control of CM a laboratory colony of L caudatus was established from fieldcollected adults reared on diapausing CM larvae The longevity and fecundity of laboratoryreared L caudatus adults were measured at 231C and 16 h photoperiod Longevity in a nonhost environment was measured by holding a newly emerged female and a male in a container with water and food Survival of 18 pairs was monitored daily The food and water in the containers were refreshed regularly The fecundity and the longevity of females were measured by providing five diapausing CM larvae to each of nine mated females (age 710 days) in a similar container with food and water The CM larvae were replaced every 48 hours until the females were dead In the interactions between L caudatus and Mastrus ridens a recently released gregarious ectoparasitoid of codling moth in applegrowing areas where L caudatus has already established

scholarly journals Loss and Disease Development of Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey in an Organic Apple Orchard

2004 ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Imre Holb
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Fruit Harvest

In a two-year-study, yield loss and temporal development of incidence of Monilinia fructigena were quantified in organic apple orchards and the importance of fruit wounding agents was determined. The first infected fruits were observed at the beginning of August in 2001 and 2002. Disease development was continuous until fruit harvest in both years. Pre-harvest yield loss caused by Monilinia fructigena amounted on average 27.2% in 2001 and 41.6% in 2002 by fruit harvest. The growth rate of disease development was almost double in 2002 compared to 2001. All infected fruits were injured by wounding agents such as aboitic and mechanical injury factors, codling moth (Cydia pomonella), common earwig (Forficula auricularia) and birds. In this study, the most important wounding agents were codling moth and mechanical injury factors in organic apple orchards. In both years, our results showed that 70-80% of the infected fruits were damaged by codling moth in organic apple production. Moreover, 10-15% of the infected fruits were mechanically injured in the two years. Our results indicated that most of the damaged fruits fell on the orchard floor before harvest and they became an important secondary inoculum source of M. fructigena. Biological and practical implications of the results are discussed.

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