scholarly journals CHANGE IN SPECIES COMPOSITION, BIOECOLOGY AND HARMFULNESS OF MAIN APPLIAN PHYTOPHAGES IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE NON-BLACK EARTH ZONE OF RUSSIA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Adalet Sehrab ogly Zeynalov ◽  
Dar'ya Orel
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Scientific Organization ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Federal State

The studies were carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Organization “Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery” (FSBSI FRCHBAN) in 1995-2020. The aim of the research was to clarify the species composition, bioecology, and the characteristics of harmfulness of the main phytophages of apple trees in the Central Region of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia under climate change conditions. Route surveys were carried out in 5 regions of this zone - Bryansk, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Tula. When studying the bioecological features of the development and dynamics of summer of the codling moth and corrosive arboretum, along with other methods, pheromone traps were used. Trapping belts (sticky and corrugated paper) were used to signal the exit of the apple blossom beetle from wintering places, as well as the method of shaking off in the morning, at a temperature of no higher than 10˚С. The count of four-legged microscopic mites in the early spring period was carried out before the leaves blooming by the method of selecting the tops of annual growths up to 10 cm long, at 10 counting sites (to view the opening buds). During the growing season, 10 leaves were sampled (4 ... 5th leaves from the top of the shoot), at each registration area. The analysis of microscopic objects on the selected samples was carried out using an MBS-10 stereoscopic microscope. In the research area, new dangerous invasive apple phytophages were identified: corrosive arboreal tree Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), apple rusty mite Aculus schlechtendali Nalepa (Acariformes: Eriophyidae), apple felt mite Phyllocmespates malinus (Acariformes: Eriophyidae). The bioecology and harmfulness of autochthonous phytophages have changed significantly. The apple moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) gives up to two generations, and the summer lasts up to 132 days. Red (Panonychus ulmi Koch. (Acariformes: Tetranychidae)) and brown (Bryobia redikorzevi Reck (Acariformes: Bryobiidae)) fruit mites, depending on weather conditions, develop in 4 ... 5 generations a year, common spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acariformes: Tetranychidae)) at 7. The prevalence of ticks reaches 100%, and the degree of damage to plants by them is up to 3-4 points. Damage to apple flowers by the weevil Anthonomus pomorum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) reaches 60 ... 85%, the colonization of leaves and shoots by the red-gall aphid Dysaphis devecta Walk. (Homoptera: Aphididae) 35 ... 45%, fruit loss from apple sawfly Haplocampa testudinea Klug. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) 15%

The results of field trials of the codling moth pheromone preparations in 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Dmitriyeva ◽  
◽  
I.M. Mityushev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Tube Type ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Polyethylene Dispenser

This article presents the results of field screening of pheromone preparations of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., conducted in 2020 under conditions of the Central Region of the Russian Federation. The new «Tube» type dispensers were tested vs. standard foil-polyethylene dispenser.

scholarly journals Results on the Efectiveness of Plant Protection Products Tested at the Fruit Growing Research and Development Station Iaşi, Romania

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Ramona Beşleagă ◽  
E. Cârdei ◽  
M. Tălmaciu
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Fruit Growing

Results on the Efectiveness of Plant Protection Products Tested at the Fruit Growing Research and Development Station Iaşi, Romania During 2010-2011, at the Fruit Growing Research and Development Station (FGRDS) Iaşi, Romania, were carried aut research on testing the effectiveness of plant protection products. The experiment was conducted in experimental polygon, in an apple orchard, the variety Idared. Pests on witch observations were made were: Cydia pomonella L., Adoxophyes reticulana, Panonychus ulmi, Phyllonorycter spp., and the products tested were: Affirm SG 095 and Voliam Targo SC 063. The products Affirm SC 095 was tested against the apple skin moth (Adoxophyes reticulana) and apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), and the product Voliam Targo SC 063 was tested against red mites (Panonychus ulmi) and the leaves miners (Phyllonorycter spp.) apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.). As standard products Coragen and Vertimec 1.8 EC were used at the rates of 0.15 l/ha and 0.75/ha respectively.

scholarly journals Revision of the Species Composition of Slime Molds in the Ile Alatau (Kazakhstan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelena Rakhimova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Picea Schrenkiana ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Systematic List

After the revision, it was found that the biota of slime molds in the Ile Alatau (Kazakhstan) has 62 species. The article provides a systematic list of slime molds. In the Ile Alatau these fungi-like organisms are represented by two classes: Protosteliomycetes and Myxomycetes. The Myxomycetes class is more widely represented and has 4 orders. The largest number of species is characteristic of the genera Trichia (8 species), Physarum (6), Arcyria, Diderma (5 species each) and Badhamia (4 species). The most common species in the research area are Lycogala epidendrum, Fuligo septica, Hemitrichia clavata, Trichia varia, Stemonitis axifera, S. fusca, S. splendens and Stemonitopsis typhina. Representatives of slime molds were found on various 18 substrates. The largest number of slime molds species (54) was recorded on Picea schrenkiana. There are 13 species on Populus tremula and 4 species on Betula tianschanica. The remaining substrates are characterized by 1-2 species. It is necessary to note the species of the genus Diderma that appear in early spring after snowfall: Diderma niveum, found on Artemisia juncea and representatives of Poaceae, and D. radiatum on dry grasses, leaves and branches of shrubs.

Population dynamics of codling moth, cydia pomonella (L) (Tortricidae), in the Australian Capital Territory.

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Geier
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Australian Capital ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Initial Infestation

Under natural conditions in the Australian Capital Territory, the codling moth can multiply each year virtually to the limit of its supply of larval food, i.e. fruits. The circumstances which permit this are analysed and discussed. It was found that codling moth and its environment are best considered together as a life-system which tends to ensure a constant utilization of resources by minimizing changes in the numbers of the moth following variations in the availability of critical requisites. In the A.C.T., where climate and weather conditions approach the optimum for codling moth and the influence of natural enemies is negligible, the requisites which limit the abundance of the species are larval food and cocoon shelter. Intraspecific competition for those requisites is the mechanism which adjusts the number of codling moth to the supply of those requisites. Competition for cocoon shelter minimizes the effects of differences in crop size on codling moth abundance. Competition for fruit space minimizes the effects of differences between initial infestation levels in crops. Competition for the two requisites maintains the insect at the highest level of density which the intrinsic favourableness of the environment and the behavioural characteristics of the species will permit. The present findings are used to evaluate the conceptual models of population dynamics proposed by Nicholson and by Andrewartha and Birch.

The life history of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in the Australian Capital Territory.

1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Geier
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Australian Capital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life Habits

The life habits of codling moth in the Australian Capital Territory are described, and the ecological characteristics of the species and its environment are defined. In the Capital Territory, codling moth produces a complete first generation, a partial second generation, and some third generation individuals each summer. On an average, females lay between 40 and 50 eggs in all generations, but fecundity varies much between individuals. The observed distribution pattern of eggs and larval injuries to fruit suggest that oviposition occurs predominantly on trees at, or near, sources of females. In uniformly infested, homogeneous orchards, egg and damage distribution are almost random between trees. No significant departure from randomness was detected either between fruits, or between locations within trees. Fruits are often penetrated by more than one larva, either simultaneously or in succession, and competition occurs. Its forms and effects were examined. Fruits penetrated by several larvae tended to produce more mature larvae than fruits penetrated once, but the chances of survival fell as the numbers of entries per fruit increased. Fully fed larvae move from the fruit to an appropriate place on, or very close to, the host tree, where they spin a cocoon and eventually pupate. Under natural conditions in the Capital Territory, most mature larvae perish before establishing a cocoon. The rate of establishment was shown to be directly dependent upon the abundance and accessibility of suitable cocooning sites. The injuriousness of codling moth is always extremely high in the Capital Territory because of the generally favourable weather conditions. Particular effects of climate and weather on codling moth activity are discussed. Optimum environmental conditions for codling moth are defined. Conditions in the Capital Territory were found to be nearly optimum in most respects. Codling moth abundance cannot be explained by single ecological factors. Comprehensive studies of local populations are required to understand the numerical determination of the pest.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on flight initiation in Mastrus ridens

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 325-325
Author(s):  
V.A. Davis ◽  
W.R.M Sandanayaka ◽  
A. Chhagan ◽  
J.G. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Host Stage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Net Cage ◽  
Mastrus Ridens ◽  
Flight Initiation

Mastrus ridens (Horstmann) (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) is a gregarious ectoparasitoid of cocooned larvae of codling moth Cydia pomonella (L) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) This host stage is available for parasitism by M ridens (which is not known to diapause) throughout winter and early spring A study was conducted at ambient field temperatures during this period to investigate the minimum temperature required for flight initiation by M ridens Ten female and 10 male adults (37 days old) from the laboratory were transferred into two containers and placed in an apple orchard for 1 h for temperatures to equilibrate The container was then opened inside a large net cage and the numbers of parasitoids that flew into the cage at different temperatures were recorded The experiment release periods while establishing the parasitoid throughout New Zealand and (2) determine when the females are first active in spring before the codling moth larvae pupate

scholarly journals Insecticidal properties of strains of the granulosa virus of the codling moth from the Bioresource collection of FSBI VNIIBZR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Tsygichko ◽  
A. M. Asaturova ◽  
M. D. Pavlova ◽  
N. S. Tomashevich
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Test Object ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Laboratory Sample ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Scientific Institution

The insecticidal activity of strains from DBK of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution VNIIBZR “State Collection of Entomoacarifagi and Microorganisms” was studied with respect to the test object Galleria mellonella L. and with respect to the target insect Cydia pomonella L. It was revealed that strain BZR 14 is promising for further study and development of a laboratory sample based on it.

Flat-cutting loosening in the system of fallow cultivation of chernozem soil and weediness of crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
G. Koval ◽  
M. Kaliyevskiy ◽  
V. Yeshchenko ◽  
I. Martyniuk ◽  
N. Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Spring Crop ◽  
White Campion ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Top Soil

The article presents the results of field experiments, where on the basis of podsolized heavy loamy chernozem the influence of replacement of mouldboard ploughing with nonmouldboard cultivation over top soil weediness, weediness at the beginning and end of spring crop vegetation and weed species composition before harve sting were studied. Investigation methods of main fall ploughing under spring crops of five-course rotation: soybeans–rape–wheat–flax–barley at the depths of 15-17, 20-22, 25-27 cm were conducted after post-harvest field tillage. Analysis of data on contamination of the top soil with weed seeds have shown that with the replacement of fall main mouldboard ploughing gwith nonmouldboard cultivation the figure before sowing of all crops withdifferent tillage depthat crop rotation average increased by 131-132%. It caused the increase of actual weed infestation of all crops and at the beginning and end of spring crop vegetationafter different depths of fall nonmouldboard cultivation compared with ploughing at crop rotation average it was 120–132 and 123-138%respectively. Species composition of weeds afterthe replacement of main fall mouldboard ploughing with nonmouldboard cultivation remained mainlyunchanged; although in rape plantings the proportion of white campion and early spring weed sincreased, in wheat plantings– wild mustard andscentless mayweed, insoybean plantings– late spring weeds, in flax plantings– white campion, and in barley plantings– scarlet pimpernel.

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