scholarly journals Effects of mechanical thinning on botrytis bunch rot on Sauvignon blanc wine grapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Dion C. Mundy ◽  
Michael C.T. Trought ◽  
Andrew R.G. McLachlan ◽  
Susan M. Neal ◽  
Dominic Pecchenino
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Mechanical Thinning ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Heavy Machine

Mechanical fruit thinning could be a practical and cost-effective alternative to hand thinning of Sauvignon blanc grapes to increase quality by reducing yield. Botrytis bunch rot, caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, is the main seasonal disease risk for grapes grown in New Zealand but it is unknown if this disease is exacerbated by mechanical rather than manual thinning of the vines. It was hypothesised that the damage caused by mechanical thinning would result in more disease or increase disease pressure than hand thinning or no thinning. Botrytis bunch rot was determined in the field at harvest following mechanical thinning in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 seasons compared with an un-thinned control. In the 2011 season, possible mechanisms that may have influenced disease severity were investigated. The parameters investigated were: bunch openness; berry susceptibility to infection; and percentage of bunch debris infected with Botrytis cinerea. Mechanical thinning resulted in the same or lower observed disease severity compared with the un-thinned control in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 seasons while reducing yield as desired. In all seasons, both heavy and light machine thinning treatments reduced incidence of botrytis compared to the un-thinned control and the heavy machine treatment always reduced disease severity compared to the un-thinned control. Berry susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea was a complex interaction between various factors. Heavy machine thinned berries without wounding and inoculation were significantly less susceptible than the un-thinned control. Further investigation will be required to determine if the significant differences observed in berry susceptibility to infection and total infected bunch debris per bunch can be correlated with observed field disease levels.

scholarly journals Botrytis cinerea control on Sauvignon blanc using a recycling sprayer

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
V. Raw ◽  
D.C. Mundy ◽  
A.R.G McLachlan ◽  
C. Clifford ◽  
M. Walter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Excellent Coverage

The New Zealand wine industry is strongly committed to sustainable production The SprayPro Rseries sprayer is designed to recycle unused chemical sprays not deposited on the target area Sauvignon blanc vines in Marlborough New Zealand were studied during 2011/2012 The vineyard area was 5 ha at 80 flowering where the full canopy was sprayed and 10 ha at pre bunch closure (PBC) targeting the fruiting zone only Disease control efficacy of spray recycling was investigated using Botrytis cinerea as the model pathogen Pathogen colonisation of necrotic leaf discs placed in the canopy at 80 flowering and PBC showed even control of B cinerea At PBC 80 of the watersensitive papers had adequate to excellent coverage Botrytis bunch rot incidence and severity were evenly expressed throughout the block but increased during preharvest; severity was well below the 3 economic threshold Recycling of botryticides did not affect disease control

scholarly journals Management of Daylily Rust With Different Fungicides and Fungicide Combinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Emmitt ◽  
James W. Buck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Pressure

Production nurseries and daylily hybridizers in the southeast United States rely on the use of fungicides to manage daylily rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia hemerocallidis. Foliar sprays of pyraclostrobin, flutolanil, tebuconazole, myclobutanil, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, flutolanil + tebuconazole, flutolanil + myclobutanil, flutolanil + chlorothalonil, and flutolanil + mancozeb applied on 14-day intervals, and a nontreated control, were evaluated under high disease pressure at three locations in Griffin, GA, in 2015. Tebuconazole or the tebuconazole + flutolanil treatment consistently had the lowest area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of the treatments. The addition of flutolanil to chlorothalonil or mancozeb did not improve rust control and no difference in disease severity was observed in any treatment containing contact fungicides on all assessment dates. Single application costs ranged from $10.21 to $95.96 with tebuconazole providing excellent disease management at a relatively low cost per application ($13.90).

scholarly journals Performance and profitability of rain-based thresholds for timing fungicide applications in soybean rust control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo C. Beruski ◽  
Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte ◽  
André B. Pereira ◽  
Mark L. Gleason ◽  
Gil M. S. Câmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures ◽  
Control Disease

AbstractSoybean rust (SBR), caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most damaging disease of soybean in Brazil. Effective management is achieved by means of calendar-timed sprays of fungicide mixtures, which do not explicitly consider weather-associated disease risk. Two rainfall-based action thresholds of Disease Severity Values (DSV50 and DSV80) were proposed and compared with two leaf wetness duration-temperature thresholds of Daily Values of Infection Probability (DVIP6 and DVIP9) and with a calendar (CAL) program, with regards to performance and profitability. An unsprayed check treatment plot was included for calculating relative control. Disease severity and yield data were obtained from 29 experiments conducted at six sites across four states in Brazil during 2012-13, 2014-15 and 2015-16 growing seasons, which represented different growing regions and climatic conditions. The less conservative rainfall action threshold (DSV80) resulted in fewer fungicide sprays compared with the other treatments and the more conservative one (DSV50) resulted in fewer sprays than the DVIP thresholds. Yield was generally higher with the increase of spray number, but the economic analysis showed no significant differences on the risk of not offsetting the costs of fungicide sprays regardless of the system. Therefore, based on the simplicity and the profitability of the rain-based model, the system is a good candidate for incorporating into management of SBR in soybean production fields in Brazil.

scholarly journals Overall efficacies of combined measures for controlling grape bunch rot can be estimated by multiplicative consideration of individual effects

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Molitor ◽  
Lucien Hoffmann ◽  
Marco Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Average Absolute Deviation ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Disease Severity Level

Aims: The present analyses aimed at evaluating the performance of two models for estimating the overall effect of combining two or more measures (leaf removal, cluster division, late shoot topping, botryticide application, bioregulator application) for controlling grape bunch rot based on the efficacy of the individual measures.Methods and results: Field trials with the white Vitis vinifera cultivars Pinot gris and Riesling on the efficacy of three bunch rot control measures applied either alone or in combination were analyzed. Bunch rot disease severities prior to harvest were assessed and efficacies were calculated for each treatment. Observed efficacies of single measures were used to estimate the overall efficacies of all possible measure combinations. Calculated efficacies matched observed efficacies more accurately when assuming multiplicative interaction among the individual measures (R2 = 0.8574, p < 0.0001; average absolute deviation: 7.9%) than in case of assuming additive effects (R2 = 0.8280; average absolute deviation: 14.7%).Conclusions: The multiplicative approach assumes that each additional measure is affecting (in case of efficient measures: reducing) the disease severity level as the result of the additional treatments rather than compared to the disease severity level in the untreated control.Significance and impact of the study: The high goodness of fit as well as the observed low deviations between the estimated and the observed efficacies suggest that the multiplicative approach is appropriate for estimating the efficacy of combined viticultural measures in a complex practical bunch rot control strategy assembled of different modules.

scholarly journals The impact of ACE2 genetic polymorphisms (rs2106809 and rs2074192) on gender susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and recovery: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 166-179
Author(s):  
Ahmed Suleiman ◽  
Tamadher Rafaa ◽  
Ali Al­rawi ◽  
Mustafa Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
The Impact

Background: Epidemiological studies revealed there is a difference in susceptibility to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of differences in gender with age and males being more inflicted. There is a clear indication that deaths caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in males appeared at a higher rate than females across 35 nations. The implication of associated disease-risk genes, involved in the susceptibility of COVID-19 such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), has recently received considerable attention due to their role in severe injury of lung and mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry as a host receptor. Objectives: Herein, we aimed to systematically review how two main genetic polymorphisms of ACE2 (rs2106809 and rs2074192) can affect the gender susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: To conduct this systematic review, a literature search in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Nature was made for the period 2004 to 2020. We searched for the impact of ACE2 genetic polymorphisms (rs2106809 and rs2074192) on gender susceptibility. Results: We noticed that there was a differential genotype distribution between males and females in various global populations whereas mutant variants were common in males compared to wild-type variants among females, which may reflect differences in gender susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Females are less susceptible to coronavirus as compare to males because of the expression of ACE2 receptor. It has a double role in favour of COVID-19 and against COVID-19. Conclusions: Male mortality is greater than female mortality, which might be attributed to the ACE2 deficiency in women. Epidemiological studies have shown that the differences in sex and age have different susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Temporal Dysbiosis of Infant Nasal Microbiota Relative to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Grier ◽  
Ann L Gill ◽  
Haeja A Kessler ◽  
Anthony Corbett ◽  
Sanjukta Bandyopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Nasal Microbiota

Abstract Rationale Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of infant respiratory disease. Infant airway microbiota has been associated with respiratory disease risk and severity. The extent to which interactions between RSV and microbiota occur in the airway, and their impact on respiratory disease susceptibility and severity, are unknown. Objectives Characterize temporal associations between microbiota and RSV infection before, during, and after infants’ first respiratory illness. Methods 16S rRNA microbiota profiling of two infant cohorts in the first year of life: 1) a cross-sectional cohort of 89 RSV infected infants sampled during illness and 102 matched healthy controls, and 2) a matched longitudinal cohort of 12 infants who developed RSV infection and 12 who did not, sampled before, during, and after infection. Results We identified 12 taxa significantly associated with RSV infection. All 12 taxa were differentially abundant during infection, with 8 associated with disease severity. Nasal microbiota composition was more discriminative of healthy vs. infected than of disease severity. Conclusions Our findings elucidate the chronology of nasal microbiota dysbiosis and suggest an altered developmental trajectory associated with RSV infection. Microbial temporal dynamics reveal indicators of disease risk, correlates of illness and severity, and impact of RSV infection on microbiota composition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document