Trichoderma harzianum improves drought resistance in maize by mediating acetic acid-ethanol metabolic pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyou Ma ◽  
Linggao Ge ◽  
Cheng Zhou ◽  
Xiaoming Lu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Metabolic Pathways

scholarly journals Drought tolerance molecular responses of two cultivated varieties Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) as revealed by RNA-Seq

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shipeng Yang ◽  
Lihui Wang ◽  
Qiwen Zhong ◽  
Guangnan Zhang ◽  
Haiwang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Helianthus Tuberosus ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Abstract Background Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a highly stress-resistant crop, especially it grows normally in the desertified land of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the past two years, and has become a crop with agricultural, industrial and ecological functions. However, there are few studies on drought resistance of Jerusalem artichoke at present, and studies on the mechanisms of stress resistance of Jerusalem artichoke breeding and fructan are seriously lagging behind. In this study, we selected two differentially resistant cultivars for drought stress experiments with different concentration gradients, the aim was finding DEGs and metabolic pathways associated with drought stress. Results Based on an additional analysis of the metabolic pathways under drought stress using MapMan, the most different types of metabolism included secondary metabolism, light reaction metabolism and cell wall. As a whole, QY1 and QY3 both had a large number of up-regulated genes in the flavor pathway. It was suggested that flavonoids could help Jerusalem artichoke to resist drought stress and maintain normal metabolic activities. In addition, the gene analysis of the abscisic acid (ABA) key metabolic pathway showed that QY3 had more genes in NAC and WRKY than QY1, but QY1 had more genes in response to drought stress as a whole. By combining RNA-Seq and WGCNA, a weighted gene co-expression network was constructed and divided into modules. By analyzing specifically the expressed modules, four modules were found to have the highest correlation with drought. Further research on the genes revealed that all 16 genes related to histone, ABA and protein kinase had the highest significance in these pathways. Conclusions These findings represent the first RNA-Seq analysis of drought stress in Jerusalem artichoke, which is of substantial significance to explore the function of drought resistance in Jerusalem artichoke and the excavation of related genes.

Studies on the production of volatile fatty acids from grass by rumen liquor in an artificial rumen: II. The volatile fatty acid production from dried grass

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. John ◽  
G. Barnett ◽  
R. L. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Titration Curves

1. A study has been made of the production of volatile fatty acids obtainable from dried grass and its gross water-soluble and water-insoluble separates, in the artificial rumen, over two growing seasons.2. In contradistinction to fresh grass, the dried grass gives a consistent production of acetic acid proportionately greater than propionic acid, at all stages of maturity, but when aqueous extracts of the dried grass, and the resultant extracted grass, respectively, are examined separately in the artificial rumen, it is found that the former yield preponderating amounts of acetic acid while the latter give amounts of propionic acid equal to, or exceeding, the corresponding productions of acetic acid.3. An examination of the titration curves for the total acids obtained from the dried grass, extracted grass and grass extract runs, indicates an approach to an incomplete relationship between the residual carbohydrate in the extracted grass and cellulose, while the grass extract reveals itself as the chief source of acetic acid in the whole dried grass, the acid being formed very speedily at the start of the run.4. The suggested sources and some of the possible metabolic pathways involved in the formation of v.f.a. from grass are discussed in the text.

Metabolic Pathways Regulated by Chitosan Contributing to Drought Resistance in White Clover

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 3039-3052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Li ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xinquan Zhang ◽  
Emily Merewitz ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Metabolic Pathways

scholarly journals THYMIDINE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN PLANT TISSUES LABELED WITH TRITIATED THYMIDINE

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Takats ◽  
R. M. S. Smellie
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Radioactivity Analysis ◽  
Ethanol Acetic Acid

A study of the metabolic pathways of H3-thymidine utilization in buds of Lilium longiflorum and root tips of Vicia faba was undertaken in order to obtain information that might explain the binding of H3 from H3-thymidine in the cytoplasm of these plants. H3-thymidine was administered for various periods of time, the tissues were fixed and processed in the manner routinely used in preparation for sectioning and autoradiography, and the radioactivity removed in this way from the tissues was determined. It was found that the ethanol/acetic acid fixative contained the major portion of the radioactivity. Analysis of this extract by paper chromatography showed that the radioactivity was distributed among various degradation products of thymidine, principally ß-ureidoisobutyric acid and ß-aminoisobutyric acid. Time course experiments with Vicia showed that these degradation products rapidly appeared in the tissue during incubation with H3-thymidine, while H3-thymine appeared in the incubation medium. Preliminary studies indicated that Vicia root tips incubated with H3-dihydrothymine for 24 hours would bind a small amount of H3 non-specifically in the cells. It seems unlikely that utilization of degradation products of H3-thymidine is sufficient to explain labeling which is concentrated in the cytoplasm.

scholarly journals DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF Sorghum bicolor. 5. GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF FREE AND CONJUGATED ABSCISIC, PHASEIC AND INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACIDS IN LEAVES OF FIELD-GROWN DROUGHT-STRESSED PLANTS.

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. DURLEY ◽  
T. KANNANGARA ◽  
G. M. SIMPSON ◽  
N. SEETHARAMA
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Phaseic Acid ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Concentrations of free and conjugated abscisic acid (AbA), phaseic acid (PA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were measured in leaves of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes grown in the field. Hormone levels were compared and related to grain yield stability under drought, expressed as the percentage reduction in grain yield (percent RGY) of drought-stressed compared to irrigated plants. Although hormone concentrations were similar in irrigated plants, there was considerable genotypic variation in drought-stressed plants. In a four genotype comparison during the panicle initiation stage, mean leaf AbA concentrations in drought-stressed plants were positively related to percent RGY. Furthermore, the slopes of regression lines of AbA on leaf water potential in stressed genotypes were also positively related to percent RGY. In contrast, PA and total AbA metabolite concentrations were negatively related to percent RGY, implying a higher efficiency of conversion of AbA to its metabolites in drought resistant than in drought-susceptible genotypes. There was genotypic variation in free and conjugated IAA concentration in leaves of stressed plants, but these concentrations were not directly related to percent RGY. Nevertheless, high levels of free and conjugated IAA were found at some periods in leaves of drought-susceptible genotypes. The positive relationship between free AbA concentration and percent RGY was confirmed in a nine genotype comparison. Mean leaf AbA concentrations during flowering and early grain filling in drought-stressed plants were found to be a significantly correlated (r = 0.86**) with percent RGY. It is concluded that it is possible to evaluate genotype drought resistance to a given stress treatment in sorghum by examination of AbA, PA and IAA concentations in leaves. The potential of the method as a tool for plant breeders is discussed.Key words: Sorghum bicolor, drought stress, abscisic acid, phaseic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, yield

scholarly journals Population dynamics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2 and CAT-1 in CO-culture for the production of ethanol

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e43427
Author(s):  
Mayara Vieira Santos ◽  
Adriana Régia Marques Souza ◽  
Maria Carolina Santos Silva ◽  
Gabriel Luis Castiglioni
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Fermentation Monitoring ◽  
Biotechnological Processes

In the Brazilian industries, the inoculum used throughout the harvest of ethanol production consists of a combination of two or more yeast strains. The combination of yeasts may influence in the metabolic pathways of microorganisms and increase the yields and production rates of some compounds. In biotechnological processes with co-culture, one microorganism can prevail over the other. Therefore, the knowledge about how the population dynamics occurs during fermentation allows modifications in the process in order to obtain higher yields and to achieve greater fermentative efficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the fermentation with synthetic sugar cane broth in co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains CAT-1 and PE-2 followed by molecular fermentation monitoring. The concentration of biomass, ethanol, glycerol, acetic acid and residual sucrose were monitored to verify the influence of different combinations during the fermentation. The mixture of CAT-1 and PE-2 presented the highest ethanol production, with higher performance of fermentative parameters than pure cultures

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