INFLUENCE OF ANNUAL GREEN MANURE CROPS ON POTATOES YIELD IN CROP ROTATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
N. M. Shalagina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Green Manure Crops

The results of effective use of green manure mixtures in aftereffect on potatoes - in crop rotation (green manure fallow - potatoes - potatoes) are presented. A positive balance for the crop rotation was formed for all nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). The highest nitrogen balance was observed in two-component mixtures of spring rape + spring vetch and white mustard + spring vetch, respectively 109.92 and 121.62 kg / ha. In terms of nitrogen, the excess of the balance with green manure mixtures in comparison with single-species crops was 8.34–87.29, for phosphorus, 22.73 and 73.37, and potassium, 8.8–51.4 kg / ha. At the beginning of the crop rotation (green manure fallow), the arable soil layer was characterized by a low content of nitrate nitrogen (6.2 mg / kg) and mobile phosphorus (25.1 mg / kg), in the third field (potatoes) there was an increased content of these elements 60–66 and 150–195 mg / kg, which indicated the effectiveness of a longer mineralization of the green manure mass. The number of macroaggregates in the soil by the end of the crop rotation averaged 75.8–78.9%, which is 2.8–3.6% higher than the original (green manure fallow). The soil density of the arable horizon averaged 0.60 g / cm3, which was optimal for the growth and development of potatoes. Improvement of agrochemical and physical properties of the soil contributed to a significant increase in potato yield in the aftereffect of green manure against the background (NPK) 90: the increase in comparison with the direct action was 74.4–51.7%; the yield ranged from 26.4 to 30.7 t / ha. The coefficient of energy efficiency in the aftereffect of two-component mixtures was 2.00 and 2.06, in single-species crops – 1.8.

The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
R. Holod ◽  
О. Bilinska ◽  
H. Shubala
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Green Manure Crops

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.

scholarly journals Improvement of crop rotations aimed at increasing their efficiency and conserving soil fertility in conditions of biological intensification

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-477
Author(s):  
L. M. Kozlova ◽  
E. N. Noskova ◽  
F. A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Bare Fallow

The long-term research conducted in 2002-2017 in a long stationary experiment on studying different types of field crop rotations under conditions of the Kirov region showed that on sod-podzolic soils the loss of humus could be lowered using agro technical methods. The most critical of them include the reduction of a portion of bare fallow, transition to sown and green-manure fallow, expanded use of perennial legume and grain-legume crops and intercrop sowings. In eight-field crop rotations when using such means of a biologization as plowing of the root-stubble residues, aboveground mass of green-manure crops in fallow fields and intercrop sowings, the supply of organic substance was within 17.24-83.03 t/ha. By mineral-ization of this substance 7.64-11.51 t of humus were produced. In a crop rotation with bare fallow there is a negative balance of humus of -0.06 t/ha. The positive balance is obtained when using sown, green-manure fallows, intercrop sowings (two-three fields), and introduction of up to 25% perennial legumes to the structure of crop rotations. The formation of 0.96-1.44 t/ha of humus in the arable layer provides positive balance of 0.20-0.72 t/ha. The increase of the part of grain crops up to 62.5-75.0% in the structure of crop rotations resulted in rise of their efficiency up to 4.74-4.79 thousand fodder units. It was 0.27-0.32 thousand fodder units higher than in the control crop rotation with bare fallow. Dependence of productivity of agricultural crops on humus content was insignificantly negative (r = -0.16). The efficiency of the studied crop rotations depended considerably on the amount of productive moisture in the soil in a phase of ear formation of grain crops (r = -0.78) and on biological activity of the soil (r = -0.80).

scholarly journals Effect of green manure crops, termination method, stubble crops, and fallow on soil water, available N, and exchangeable P

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Mooleki ◽  
Y. Gan ◽  
R.L. Lemke ◽  
R.P. Zentner ◽  
C. Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Available N ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Systems ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus L ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Green Manure Crops ◽  
Exchangeable P

Green manure crops may have a role to play in the development of sustainable agricultural systems in the semiarid northern Great Plains of North America. This study determined the benefits of different green manure crops, seeding dates, and termination methods on soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and moisture, as well as the performance of durum wheat following green manures the following year. Field experiments were conducted at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, from 2006 to 2009. Three green manure crops [forage pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus L.), and black lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)] were seeded in May, June, and July, and terminated at full bloom using glyphosate, rototilling or by frost. Other treatments included summerfallow and stubble of selected crops harvested for grain or silage. Different green manure crops, seeding dates or termination methods had similar effects on soil moisture, available N, and exchangeable P at termination or the following spring. These effects of green manure management on soil residual characteristics were comparable to those observed under summerfallow, but higher than those on grain or silage stubble. Therefore, green manure is a viable alternative to summerfallowing and could be seeded any time during the growing season. If seeded late, green manure could be terminated by frost, thus saving on costs.

scholarly journals THE DYNAMICS OF THE EXCHANGE OF POTASSIUM AND A BALANCE OF NUTRIENTS IN LEACHED CHERNOZEM UNDER GREEN MANURING

2020 ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
L. P. Galeeva
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Potassium Exchange ◽  
Green Manure Crops

In field studies found that when plowing green mass of green manure in leached Chernozem accumulates from 60 to 140 kg/ha of potassium exchange. Most of it is found in green manure pairs with phacelia and pea mixture. Only a couple of phacelia creates a positive balance of potassium in the soil, in other pairs, the deficit amounted to 30–80 kg/ha. Stocks of nitrate nitrogen in the soil was varied in the range of 60–80 kg/ha, and the highest they have been in the green manure a couple of phacelia. Nitrogen balance in soil in all green manure pairs is positive. The reserves of mobile phosphorus in pairs made up of 12–15 kg/ha, and its deficiency is 50–80 kg/ha. maximum yield capacity of wheat and its addition to a clean pair obtained in the green manure a couple of phacelia – 25 and 32 kg/ha and 25 and 46 %, respectively. To obtain high and stable yields of spring wheat, maintain potash status and a positive balance of nutrients in leached chernozems as green manure crops, it is advisable to recommend growing pea mixture and phacelia.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Supplying Capacity of Brown Forest Soil under Different Cropping Practices and 0.01 M CaCl2 Soluble Organic Nitrogen

2006 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
János Lazányi ◽  
Jakab Loch ◽  
István Henzsel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Green Manure Crops ◽  
Soluble Organic Nitrogen

The best known and most remarkable example of continuous production in Hungary is the Westsik’s crop rotation experiment, which was established in 1929, and is still in use to study the effects of organic manure treatment, to develop models, and predict the likely effects of different cropping systems on soil properties and crop yields. In this respect, Westsik’s crop rotation experiment provides data of immediate value to farmers concerning the applications of green, straw and farmyard manure, as well as data sets for scientific research.Although commonly ignored, the release of nitrogen by root and green manure crops has a significant impact on soil organic matter turnover. The design of sustainable nitrogen management strategies requires a better understanding of the processes influencing nitrogen supplying capacity, as the effects of soil organic matter on soil productivity and crop yield are still very uncertain and require further research. In the treatments of Westsik’s crop rotation experiment, nutrients removed from soil through plant growth and harvesting are replaced either by fertilisers and/or organic manure. Data can be used to study the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil under different cropping systems and its effect on the 0.01 M CaCl2 soluble organic nitrogen content of soil.The aim of this paper is to present data on the nitrogen supplying capacity of brown forest soil from Westsik’s crop rotation experiment and to study its correlation with hundredth molar calcium-chloride soluble organic nitrogen. The main objective is to determine the effects of root and green manure crops on the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil under different cropping systems. The nitrogen supplying capacity was calculated as a difference of plant uptake, organic manure and fertiliser supply.The 0.01 M CaCl2 soluble organic nitrogen test has proved reliable for determining the nitrogen supplying capacity of soils. Brown forest soils are low in organic matter and in the F-1 fallow-rye-potato rotation, the nitrogen supplying capacity was 15.6 kg/ha/year. 0.01 M CaCl2 soluble organic nitrogen content was as low as 1.73 mg/kg soil. Roots and green manure increased the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil by more than 100%. This increase is caused by lupine, a legumes crop, which is very well adapted to the acidic soil conditions of the Nyírség region, and cultivated as a green or root manure crop to increase soil fertility.

scholarly journals BALANCE OF NUTRITION ELEMENTS IN CROP ROTATION UNDER BIOLOGIZED ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPE FARMING

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
L.M. Kozlova ◽  
◽  
E.N. Noskova ◽  
F.A. Popov ◽  
E.V. Svetlakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Nutritional Elements ◽  
The North ◽  
Positive Balance

In the light of recent developments, the use of biological techniques in crop cultivation technologies needs to be expanded. The role of crop rotations with a high proportion of legume grasses, green manure crops and intermediate crops is increasing. The purpose of the research is to study soil fertility dynamics in terms of the main nutritional elements and determine their balance for the development of the adaptive landscape farming system in the North-Eastern region of the European part of Russia. Experiments were carried out on the experimental plots of the FARC of the North-East in 2002–2009. Soil – sod-podzolic middle loamy. We analyzed data of a long-term stationary experiment in four grain-fallow-grass field crop rotations. Meteorological conditions during the years of research were close to the average long-term values and favorable for crop cultivation. The introduction of low doses of fertilizers (N45P45K45 as mineral, 11.5–22.5 t/ha as green manure) increased the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil by 11–14 mg/kg (LSD05 = 9.5) in crop rotations with occupied and green manure fallows. An increase in exchangeable potassium by 15 mg/kg (LSD05 = 14.1) was noted in crop rotation with two clover fields for green manure. A positive balance of nitrogen and phosphorus was obtained in crop rotation with occupied and green manure fallows. The nitrogen balance was with a higher intake of +157.8 – +483.5 kg/ha and balance intensity – 115–140 %. The balance of phosphorus has developed at +6.0…+49.6 kg/ha. The positive balance of potassium was only in crop rotations with the introduction of green manure fertilizers and intermediate crop (+69.9…+175.8 kg/ha). The intensity of the balance of these elements was 101–118 %. In the control crop rotation with bare fallow at a minimum intake of nutrients, the negative balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was obtained; the intensity was below 100 %. Productivity of crop rotation was at the level of 4.90–5.41 thousand fodder units. According to the optimal combination of productivity and the balance of nutritional elements, crop rotation with two clover fields for green manure and an intermediate crop stood out.

scholarly journals AGROCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF BIOPREPARATIONS IN A HIGHLY CROP ROTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
О. М. Berdnikov ◽  
V. V. Volkohon ◽  
L. V. Potapenko ◽  
S. F. Kozar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Biogenic Element ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
By Products

Objective. Determine the parameters of uptake of organic matter and biogenic elements withby-products of crops under the use of mineral and green-manure-mineral fertilization systems andmicrobial preparations. Methods. Field experiment, agrochemical, balance, statistical. Results.Under the conditions of short crop rotation “winter wheat – intermediate green manure – corn forgrain – soybean – winter wheat”, the influence of microbial preparations Biogran (on the basis ofnitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum brasilense 410 and physiologically active substances) forcorn and Nitro-Legu (on the basis of complex of diazotrophs Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Azospirillum brasilense and polysaccharide) for soybeans on crop yields, uptake of by-products in the soil,balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium depending on fertilization systems. Under exposureto biopreparations, uptake of corn by-product in the soil increased by 1.41–2.12 t/ha, soybeans —by 0.51–0.71 t/ha of dry matter, depending on the agrarian backgrounds, which, taking into account the humification factors, can provide soil replenishment with humus at the level of 0.31 to0.47 t/ha and 0.12–0.17 t/ha, respectively. Nitrogen and phosphorus balances, as well as their intensity under the mineral fertilization system were positive. Green-manure-mineral fertilization system and pre-sowing bacterization of seeds helped to improve the parameters compared to the mineral fertilization system. Potassium balance was slightly deficient (–16.2 to 20.4 kg/ha at a balanceintensity of 78–80 %) under exposure to the mineral fertilization system and positive under exposure to green-manure-mineral system. Microbial preparations helped to improve parameters. Additional uptake of the biogenic element compounds in the soil provided an increase in the yield ofwinter wheat. According to the results of the evaluation of the balance of the key nutrients, a satisfactory ecological balance was created in the short crop rotation under exposure to green-manuremineral fertilization system and pre-sowing bacterization of corn and soybean seeds. Conclusion. Upon evaluation of the efficacy of microbial preparations in crop cultivation technologies, theparameters of uptake of organic matter and biogenic element compounds with by-products in the arable soil layer should be taken into account along with their direct effect on yield formation andproduct quality.

scholarly journals Efficiency of using seeder crops for uncomplacing soil in the technology of cultivation of potato

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Anatoliy A. Ustroev ◽  
Evgeniy A. Murzaev
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Technological Method ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Green Manure Crops

Relevance. The formation of the potato yield, along with a balanced diet, is significantly influenced by the physical condition of the soil, namely the hardness of the soil. As a basic option for soil decompaction, a technological method of soil cultivation to a depth of up to 40 cm using chiselless tools is currently used. As an alternative, biological means of soil decompaction can be used by introducing fields occupied by green manure crops into the crop rotation during the entire field season. The purpose of the research is to assess the effectiveness of a new technological method of soil decompaction, which consists in the use of green manure crops in potato crop rotation.Materials and methods. Experimental studies were carried out from June to August 2019 on the experimental field of the IAEP in the crop rotation of growing organic potatoes. The previous cultivation was autumn plowing of the field from under perennial grasses. Yellow mustard was used as a green manure — a fast-growing one-year green manure crop.Results. The results of experimental studies of the influence of sowing green manure (yellow mustard) on the change in soil hardness in a fallow field in a potato crop rotation are presented. The high efficiency of the studied biological method of soil decompaction was established, providing a decrease in hardness in the zone where the “plow sole” was previously noted from 4.8 to 2.5 MPa.

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