scholarly journals Hubungan konsumsi jenis pangan yang mengandung indeks glikemik tinggi dengan glukosa darah pasien DM tipe 2 di Uptd Diabetes Center Kota Ternate

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Nizmawaty Amra
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Diabetes Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
High Glycemic Index

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with multifactorial etiology. Nowadays, DM prevalence in Indonesia is ranked 5th in the world, compared to IDF data in 2013 which is ranked 7th in the world with 7.6 million people. The main key in the management of type 2 diabetes is the proper diet, it results in normal glucose tolerance. The scientists found that an increase in blood glucose levels can be estimated from foods containing several types of food portion with different glycemic indexes. This study aims to know at the relationship between high glycemic index foods consumption and blood glucose of type 2 diabetes patient. Studies using analytical research method with cross-sectional study design which is consist of 30 respondents. The result showed that high glycemic index foods consumption with high fasting blood sugar levels as many as 11 people (10.5%), the results of the chi-square analysis showed the value of p = 0.69 (> 0.05). Besides, high glycemic index with high postprandial glucose level as many as 13 people (11.0%), the results of the analysis showed p = 0.09 (> 0.05) and respectively, all subjects had high random glucose levels at 30 people ( 100%) and most of the people (15) with high and medium glycemic index (50%). There is no correlation between high glycemic index foods consumption with a blood glucose of type 2 diabetes patient in the Diabetes Centre, Ternate City.Diabetes Melitus merupakan kelainan metabolik dengan etiologi multifactorial. Prevalensi DM di Indonesia saat ini menempati peringkat ke-5 di dunia, dibandingkan data IDF tahun 2013 yang menempati peringkat ke-7 di dunia dengan 7,6 juta orang. Kunci pokok dalam penatalaksanaan diabetes tipe 2 adalah diet  yang benar maka toleransi glukosa dapat menjadi normal. Para ilmuwan menemukan bahwa terjadinya kenaikan kadar glukosa darah dapat diperkirakan dari makanan yang mengandung beberapa jenis pangan dengan indeks glikemik yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk melihat hubungan konsumsi jenis pangan yang mengandung indeks glikemik tinggi dengan kadar gula darah pasien DM tipe2. Metode penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional study dengan 30 responden. Konsumsi jenis pangan yang mengandung indeks glikemik tinggi dengan kadar gula darah puasa tinggi sebanyak 11 orang (10,5%), hasil analisis chi-square menunjukkan nilai p=0,69 (>0,05). Indeks glikemik tinggi dengan kadar gula darah 2 Jam Post Prandial tinggi sebanyak 13 orang (11,0%), hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai p=0,09 (>0,05) dan seluruh subyek memiliki kadar gula darah sewaktu tinggi yaitu 30 orang (100%) dengan indeks glikemik tinggi dan sedang masing-masing 15 orang (50%). Tidak ada hubungan konsumsi jenis pangan yang mengandung indeks gliemik tinggi dengan kadar gula darah pasien DM tipe 2 di Diabetes Center Kota Ternate.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and glycemic indexes in type 2 diabetes patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Elainy Peixoto Mariano STUDART ◽  
Soraia Pinheiro Machado ARRUDA ◽  
Helena Alves de Carvalho SAMPAIO ◽  
Tatiana Uchôa PASSOS ◽  
Antonio Augusto Ferreira CARIOCA
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fast Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Diabetes Patients

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the main dietary patterns in type 2 diabetes patients and study their association with glycemic indexes. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a diabetes treatment reference institution located in the city of Fortaleza (CE). Two R24h were applied, as well as 12h fast blood glucose tests and anthropometric assessments in 188 diabetic patients. The principal components factor analysis method was applied together with a Varimax orthogonal rotation method to identify dietary patterns. The Poisson Regression and the Spearman coefficient were used to test the association with glycemic indexes. Results A hundred eighty eight diabetic patients were evaluated, of which 51.1% patients had decompensated glucose values. Five main dietary patterns were identified: traditional Brazilian, energy-dense, infusion and wholegrain cereal, sandwich and dairy, and healthy diets, which explained 37.2% of the total variance in intake. A negative correlation with glucose was found for the traditional Brazilian diet (p=0.018; r=-0.173). Conclusion Out of the five identified dietary patterns consumed by the type 2 diabetes patients studied, a higher adherence to the traditional Brazilian dietary patterns resulted in lower blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals Gambaran Status Gingiva Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Rumah Sakit Umum GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado

e-GIGI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olyvia Octaviany Monoarfa ◽  
Karel Pandelaki ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease group with the characteristic blood glucose levels than normal (hyperglycemia) that occurs because abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin recognized when payable disorders, or combination of both. Regular blood glucose levels cause patients uncontrolled type 2 diabetes are at greater risk for experiencing problems of oral health, including gingivitis. Purpose of this research was to know the description of gingival status in patients of type 2 diabetes at RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. This research is an observational descriptive with cross sectional study approach. The research population is all patients of type 2 diabetes outpatient clinic Interna RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado in September 2014. The research method is by using a Consecutive sampling with a sample of 100 people. The result of this research showed that the gingival status in patients of type 2 diabetes calculated based gingival index that most occur severe gingivitis was 45 respondents (45%). The gingival status that showed the severe gingivitis in patients of type 2 diabetes based on age 17 respondents (48,6%) in the age range of 51-60 years old, based on gender that most occur in women 27 respondents (49,1%), based on duration of suffering 25 respondents (55,6%) in the age range >10 years, and based on blood glucose control (HbA1c) that most numerous in patients with poor blood glucose 30 respondents (60%). Conclusion: The gingival status in patients of type 2 diabetes most occur severe gingivitis, and recommended in patients of type 2 diabetes to improve their healthy lifestyle in order to normalize blood glucose levels so as to reduce the occurrence of diabetes, more attention and maintain oral hygiene, especially the gingival health.Keywords: gingival status, patients of type 2 diabetes.Abstrak: Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik kadar glukosa darah yang melebihi normal (hiperglikemia) yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin, gangguan kerja insulin, ataupun kombinasi dari keduanya. Kadar gula darah yang tidak terkontrol menyebabkan penderita DM tipe 2 beresiko lebih tinggi mengalami masalah kesehatan mulut, termasuk gingivitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran status gingiva pada penderita Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Umum GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh pasien DM tipe 2 rawat jalan di Poliklinik Interna Rumah Sakit Umum GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado pada bulan September 2014. Metode penelitian yaitu Consecutive sampling dengan sampel penelitian berjumlah 100 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status gingiva yang dihitung berdasarkan indeks gingiva paling banyak menunjukkan gingivitis berat 45 subjek penelitian (45%). Status Gingiva berdasarkan umur paling banyak 17 subjek penelitian (48,6%) pada rentang umur 51–60 tahun, berdasarkan jenis kelamin paling banyak pada perempuan 27 subjek penelitian (49,1%), berdasarkan lamanya menderita paling banyak selama >10 tahun 25 subjek penelitian (55,6%), dan berdasarkan kontrol gula darah (HbA1c) paling banyak pada pasien dengan kontrol gula darah buruk (>9%) 30 subjek penelitian (60%). Simpulan: Penderita DM tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Umum GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado paling banyak mengalami gingivitis berat, serta disarankan bagi penderita agar lebih meningkatkan pola hidup sehat guna menormalkan kadar glukosa darah sehingga dapat mengurangi terjadinya diabetes, lebih memperhatikan dan menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut, terutama kesehatan gingivanya.Kata kunci: status gingiva, penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2

Peripheral Insulin Extraction in Non-Diabetic Subjects and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (08) ◽  
pp. 520-527
Author(s):  
Daniël H. van Raalte ◽  
Eva van der Palen ◽  
Pauline Idema ◽  
Liza Wong ◽  
Sander W. M. Keet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Insulin Uptake

Abstract Background Insulin has to be transported across the capillary endothelium to stimulate muscle glucose uptake. We investigated insulin uptake from the peripheral circulation in non-diabetic (ND) individuals and in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Methods Single-center cross-sectional study involving 40 ND (age 65±11 years) and 30 T2D patients (age 67±8 years). Thirty-six participants were studied in the fasted state (22 ND subjects and 14 T2D patients termed NDF and T2DF) and 34 participants 1-h following a glucose challenge (18 ND subjects and 16 T2D patients indicated as NDG and T2DG). Main outcome measure was fractional extraction (FE) of insulin (FEins) and glucose using the forearm balance method. Results In NDF, FEins was 18 (10–26) % at lower insulin levels (63 51–80] pmol/l), while in NDG at higher insulin levels (776 [543–1176] pmol/l), FEins was 9 (4–16) % (p = 0.01 vs. NDF). In NDF only, a negative correlation was observed between FEins and arterial plasma insulin load (rho = − 0.575;p = 0.006) and fasting plasma glucose levels (rho = − 0.551;p = 0.01). In T2DF FEins was 6 (1–19) % and not different from FEins in T2DG (10 2–14) %), and was not associated to fasting glucose. FEins tended to be higher in NDF compared to T2DF (p = 0.07). Discussion We propose that in ND individuals, besides passive diffusion, an active high-affinity pathway with limited capacity around lower physiologic insulin levels exists for insulin transendothelial transport, contributing to glycemic control. In T2D patients, this mechanism of peripheral insulin uptake is diminished or even absent. Modulation of insulin extraction from the circulation may be a novel target to improve glucose metabolism in T2D.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Cláudio Garcia Lira Neto ◽  
Mayra de Almeida Xavier ◽  
José Wicto Pereira Borges ◽  
Márcio Flávio Moura de Araújo ◽  
Marta Maria Coelho Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its components in a population of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 diabetic patients. A descriptive analysis and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests ( p <0.05) were performed. Results: the majority of participants were females and overweight, with a mean age of 63.1 years and a low level of education, and categorized as physically inactive. Of all individuals investigated, 50.7% were diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome and 92% had at least one of the syndrome components with values beyond those recommended. Conclusion: it is essential to take preventive actions and develop studies that help to identify the factors associated with this syndrome.

scholarly journals Predictors of self-monitoring of blood glucose among noninsulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes in a primary care setting in Hong Kong: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110661
Author(s):  
Wing-hang Mak ◽  
Rebecca Wing-man Lau
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Primary Care Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Monitoring

Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the relationship between patient characteristics (internal psychological, external psychological, internal physical, external physical, and educational) and self-monitoring of blood glucose among noninsulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes in a local primary care setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, in which data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Correlational and multivariate multiple regression analyses were performed. Three hundred seventy-four noninsulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes were eligible and completed the questionnaire in August 2019. The response rate was 93.5%. The respondents’ self-reported self-monitoring of blood glucose adherence was the main outcome measure. Results: In predicting self-monitoring of blood glucose adherence, the current regression model accounted for 12.3% of the variance (Adjusted R2 = 0.123, p < 0.05), with internal psychological factors and educational factors being significant. External psychological factors, external physical factors, and internal physical factors were found to be statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion: The findings highlighted the facilitating role of internal psychological factors and educational factors in SMBG adherence in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Among these factors, the education aspect was relatively strongly associated with increased SMBG adherence. With adequate patient education on diabetes and SMBG, the increased literacy would possibly strengthen patients’ internal psychological factors and motivate them to uptake SMBG practice. Implications from the current findings suggested that further research on different SMBG parameters is warranted to fill the knowledge gap in structuring an individualized and targeted SMBG protocol for better diabetic care.

scholarly journals Blood Glucose Monitoring and Sharing Amongst People With Diabetes and Their Facilitators: Cross-sectional Study of Methods and Practices

JMIR Diabetes ◽  
10.2196/29178 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e29178
Author(s):  
Amr Jamal ◽  
Shabana Tharkar ◽  
Weam Saleh Babaier ◽  
Shrooq Faisal Alsomali ◽  
Allulu Saad Alsulayhim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Digital Devices

Background The last two decades have witnessed a burgeoning rise in the prevalence of diabetes globally. It has already reached epidemic proportions in Saudi Arabia, with reported high risk among women. As a result, diabetes monitoring and self-management programs are being highly prioritized for diabetes control and management. Objective To investigate measuring and sharing practices of the self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes using insulin. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 203 patients attending primary care clinics at a tertiary care center. The questionnaire assessed the measuring, recording, and sharing of SMBG practices of patients having diabetes with their physicians. The methods used for recording and sharing were categorized into paper-based and electronic-based. In addition, the determinants of the different methods used and frequency of sharing were analyzed. Results The overall monitoring prevalence was 95% (193/203), and 57% (117/203) of participants shared the SMBG results. Among the 193 individuals that performed self-monitoring, 138 (72%) performed daily monitoring, and 147 (76%) recorded their blood sugar levels. Almost 55% (81/147) used paper-based materials like notebooks and paper for recording, while the rest (66/147, 45%) used digital devices like laptops and smartphones. A shift towards the use of digital devices and smart applications was observed in patients below 50 years of age. The digitally recorded blood glucose measurements were being shared thrice more often than the recordings made on paper or in notebooks (OR [odds ratio] 2.8; P=.01). Patients >50 years of age (OR 2.3; P=.02), with lesser formal education, married (OR 4.2; P<.001), with smaller family size (OR 2.6; P=.01), having type 2 diabetes (OR 4.1; P<.001) and any comorbid conditions (OR 2.6; P=.01) were associated with higher odds of using paper-based sharing methods. Only the female gender and type 2 diabetes were associated with increased frequency of sharing, while uncontrolled diabetes, the presence of other comorbidities, and duration of diabetes did not show any influence. Conclusions Good monitoring and optimal sharing practices were found. Sharing using electronic devices can be emphasized. Diabetes self-management programs can incorporate the use of digital technology in training sessions. Digital literacy and its applications in health care may enhance SMBG practices resulting in better diabetes control.

scholarly journals Self-care and clinical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Rev Rene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
José Thiago de Sousa ◽  
Suyanne Freire de Macêdo ◽  
Jayne Ramos Araújo Moura ◽  
Ana Roberta Vilarouca da Silva ◽  
Eduardo Emanuel Sátiro Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels

To verify characteristics related to self-care and clinical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: descriptive and exploratory, cross-sectional study, conducted with 173 patients assisted in 12 Family Health Units in the urban area of a city in the Northeast region of Brazil. Results: most participants (61.3%) were female, aged less than 60 years old. There were significant differences in the lower glycemic control (p = 0.014), capillary glycemia (p = 0.018) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.015) for men as well as higher central obesity indexes for women (p = 0.000). It was observed high frequency of overweight, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, elevated blood glucose levels and insufficient levels of physical activity. Conclusion: there is the need for nursing actions aimed at improving self-care and control of the clinical parameters in these patients.

scholarly journals Alterations in Serum Electrolyte Homeostasis in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients - A Cross-Sectional Study in VIMSAR, Burla

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (52) ◽  
pp. 3148-3152
Author(s):  
Labanyabati Pattanaik ◽  
Madhusmita Acharya ◽  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Prafulla Kumar Mishra ◽  
Madhab Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbances ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Patients

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widely prevalent lifestyle disease associated with high morbidity and mortality due to dead end complications like acute coronary syndrome, chronic kidney failure and acute stroke. Diabetes mellitus patients frequently develop problems of dyselectrolytemia which is common among hospitalised patients with decompensated diabetes. But there is little information on the prevalence of electrolyte disturbances among diabetes patients. Our aim is to find out the pattern of dyselectrolytemia among type 2 diabetes patients and to know if there is any association of blood glucose level with dyselectrolytemia. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was done among type 2 diabetes patients admitted in the department of medicine. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated haemoglobin level (HbA1c), blood sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) were analysed. Occurrence of dyselectrolytemia was compared between patients of very much controlled versus uncontrolled blood glucose levels. RESULTS Out of 199 patients included in the study, 112 (56 %) had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) with HbA1c level > / = 7.0 %. Occurrence of hyponatremia, hypokalaemia, hyperkalaemia, hypocalcaemia and hypercalcemia were 35 %, 13 %, 7 %, 16 % and 2 % respectively. In diabetes patients, hyponatremia was seen more commonly in patients with uncontrolled DM than those with very much controlled blood glucose (52.67 % versus 12.64 %, p < 0.001). The extent of patients with hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia didn't vary between the two groups. Patients on insulin treatment were more likely to have hyponatremia than noninsulin patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Type 2 DM patients specifically those who have uncontrolled diabetes mellitus have an increased chance to develop dyselectrolytemia. The most well-known electrolyte disturbances seen were hyponatremia followed by hypocalcaemia in our study and they were generally predominant among patients with uncontrolled DM. KEYWORDS Type 2 Diabetes, Dyselectrolytemia, Hyperglycaemia, Fasting Blood Glucose, Hyponatremia

scholarly journals Glucometers for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Are they helpful?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Andrew Thomas ◽  
Mohan T. Shenoy ◽  
K.T. Shenoy ◽  
Nirmal George
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin Level

Background: The effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is debated in the literature. We aimed at elucidating the association and patterns of complications between SMBG use and plasma glucose values. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 303 participants from outpatient departments with T2DM for over 12 months. We analyzed sociodemographic and clinical variables including: anthropometry, SMBG use, disease duration, treatment modality, complications, plasma glucose level, and glycated hemoglobin level (%). Results: The mean duration of T2DM was 93±76 months. Participants were grouped into SMBG users (n=115, 38%) and non-SMBG users (n=188, 62%). The mean fasting plasma glucose levels of SMBG and non-SMBG users were 140.7±42.7 (95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]: 132.72;148.67) mg/dl and 145.4±50 (95%CI: 138.12;152.67) mg/dl (p=0.03), respectively. The mean post-prandial plasma glucose levels of the SMBG and non-SMBG groups were 202±63.42 (95%CI: 190.23;213.76) mg/dl and 209±84.54 (95%CI: 196.56;221.43) mg/dl (p=0.002), respectively. The mean difference in HbA1c among the groups were 8.14±1.69% (95%CI: 7.59;8.68) and 8.15±1.98% (95%CI: 7.27;9.02) (p=0.4), respectively. Hypoglycemia (n=50, 43.5%) was the most common complication. The prevalence of neuropathy (n=5, 4.3%, p=0.036) and cardiovascular disease (n=21, 18.3%, p=0.042) were significantly higher in the SMBG group. Conclusion: Although plasma glucose values were significantly lower in the SMBG group, its clinical significance remains questionable. Furthermore, many participants in both the groups had shortfalls in awareness, monitoring, and glycemic control. SMBG use needs to be evaluated in a cohort of patients with T2DM with adequate health awareness.

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