Peripheral Insulin Extraction in Non-Diabetic Subjects and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (08) ◽  
pp. 520-527
Author(s):  
Daniël H. van Raalte ◽  
Eva van der Palen ◽  
Pauline Idema ◽  
Liza Wong ◽  
Sander W. M. Keet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Insulin Uptake

Abstract Background Insulin has to be transported across the capillary endothelium to stimulate muscle glucose uptake. We investigated insulin uptake from the peripheral circulation in non-diabetic (ND) individuals and in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Methods Single-center cross-sectional study involving 40 ND (age 65±11 years) and 30 T2D patients (age 67±8 years). Thirty-six participants were studied in the fasted state (22 ND subjects and 14 T2D patients termed NDF and T2DF) and 34 participants 1-h following a glucose challenge (18 ND subjects and 16 T2D patients indicated as NDG and T2DG). Main outcome measure was fractional extraction (FE) of insulin (FEins) and glucose using the forearm balance method. Results In NDF, FEins was 18 (10–26) % at lower insulin levels (63 51–80] pmol/l), while in NDG at higher insulin levels (776 [543–1176] pmol/l), FEins was 9 (4–16) % (p = 0.01 vs. NDF). In NDF only, a negative correlation was observed between FEins and arterial plasma insulin load (rho = − 0.575;p = 0.006) and fasting plasma glucose levels (rho = − 0.551;p = 0.01). In T2DF FEins was 6 (1–19) % and not different from FEins in T2DG (10 2–14) %), and was not associated to fasting glucose. FEins tended to be higher in NDF compared to T2DF (p = 0.07). Discussion We propose that in ND individuals, besides passive diffusion, an active high-affinity pathway with limited capacity around lower physiologic insulin levels exists for insulin transendothelial transport, contributing to glycemic control. In T2D patients, this mechanism of peripheral insulin uptake is diminished or even absent. Modulation of insulin extraction from the circulation may be a novel target to improve glucose metabolism in T2D.

scholarly journals Self-care and clinical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Rev Rene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
José Thiago de Sousa ◽  
Suyanne Freire de Macêdo ◽  
Jayne Ramos Araújo Moura ◽  
Ana Roberta Vilarouca da Silva ◽  
Eduardo Emanuel Sátiro Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels

To verify characteristics related to self-care and clinical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: descriptive and exploratory, cross-sectional study, conducted with 173 patients assisted in 12 Family Health Units in the urban area of a city in the Northeast region of Brazil. Results: most participants (61.3%) were female, aged less than 60 years old. There were significant differences in the lower glycemic control (p = 0.014), capillary glycemia (p = 0.018) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.015) for men as well as higher central obesity indexes for women (p = 0.000). It was observed high frequency of overweight, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, elevated blood glucose levels and insufficient levels of physical activity. Conclusion: there is the need for nursing actions aimed at improving self-care and control of the clinical parameters in these patients.

scholarly journals Glucometers for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Are they helpful?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Andrew Thomas ◽  
Mohan T. Shenoy ◽  
K.T. Shenoy ◽  
Nirmal George
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin Level

Background: The effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is debated in the literature. We aimed at elucidating the association and patterns of complications between SMBG use and plasma glucose values. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 303 participants from outpatient departments with T2DM for over 12 months. We analyzed sociodemographic and clinical variables including: anthropometry, SMBG use, disease duration, treatment modality, complications, plasma glucose level, and glycated hemoglobin level (%). Results: The mean duration of T2DM was 93±76 months. Participants were grouped into SMBG users (n=115, 38%) and non-SMBG users (n=188, 62%). The mean fasting plasma glucose levels of SMBG and non-SMBG users were 140.7±42.7 (95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]: 132.72;148.67) mg/dl and 145.4±50 (95%CI: 138.12;152.67) mg/dl (p=0.03), respectively. The mean post-prandial plasma glucose levels of the SMBG and non-SMBG groups were 202±63.42 (95%CI: 190.23;213.76) mg/dl and 209±84.54 (95%CI: 196.56;221.43) mg/dl (p=0.002), respectively. The mean difference in HbA1c among the groups were 8.14±1.69% (95%CI: 7.59;8.68) and 8.15±1.98% (95%CI: 7.27;9.02) (p=0.4), respectively. Hypoglycemia (n=50, 43.5%) was the most common complication. The prevalence of neuropathy (n=5, 4.3%, p=0.036) and cardiovascular disease (n=21, 18.3%, p=0.042) were significantly higher in the SMBG group. Conclusion: Although plasma glucose values were significantly lower in the SMBG group, its clinical significance remains questionable. Furthermore, many participants in both the groups had shortfalls in awareness, monitoring, and glycemic control. SMBG use needs to be evaluated in a cohort of patients with T2DM with adequate health awareness.

scholarly journals Increased Plasma Levels of Adenylate Cyclase 8 and cAMP Are Associated with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Samy M. Abdel-Halim ◽  
Ashraf Al Madhoun ◽  
Rasheeba Nizam ◽  
Motasem Melhem ◽  
Preethi Cherian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Camp Levels ◽  
Circulating Levels

Adenylate cyclases (ADCYs) catalyze the conversion of ATP to cAMP, an important co-factor in energy homeostasis. Giving ADCYs role in obesity, diabetes and inflammation, we questioned whether calcium-stimulated ADCY isoforms may be variably detectable in human plasma. We report the results of a cross-sectional study assessing circulating levels of functional ADCY1, −3 and −8 in patients with T2D vs. non-diabetic (ND) controls in association with obesity. ADCY1 levels exhibited no significant change between ND and T2D groups. ADCY3 levels were lower in obese individuals, albeit not statistically significantly. In contrast, ADCY8 plasma levels were significantly higher in obese and T2D patients compared to controls (p = 0.001) and patients with T2D only (p = 0.039). ADCY8 levels correlated positively with body mass index and Hb1Ac levels. Parallel to the increased ADCY8 levels, significantly higher cAMP levels were observed in patients with T2D compared with ND controls, and further elevated in obese individuals, irrespective of T2D status. Additionally, cAMP levels positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels. In conclusion, the current cross-sectional study demonstrated elevated levels of circulating plasma ADCY8 and cAMP in obesity and T2D.

scholarly journals The Correlation between the levels of HbA1c with Ureum and Creatinine in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Prasetyorini ◽  
Karningsih Sudiro ◽  
Bagya Mujianto ◽  
Rus Martini
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Kidney Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Introduction and Aims : Untransmitted diseases is the leading cause of death globally. Diabetes mellitus is one of the four priorities of untransmitted diseases. This disease is a chronic disease characterized by blood glucose levels that exceed normal values. High blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) will cause various complications, one of which is chronic complications that can attack various organs such as eyes, kidneys, nerves and blood vessels. This study aims to find out the correlation between the results of the examination of HbA1c, urea and creatinine levels which is an indicator of complications of Chronic Kidney Failure in Type 2 DM patients. Methods : This research is a survey research using cross-sectional study design. The respondents in this study are Type 2 DM patients who filled out the questionnaire and examined levels of HbA1c, ureum, and creatinine. Analysis of the data performed by using the SPEARMEN test SPSS for Windows 17. Result : The result of the SPEARMEN analysis is p = 0,016 (p < 0.05) which means there is a relationship between the levels of HbA1c with age of respondent. Meanwhile, p = 0,84 (p>0,05) which means there is no relationship between HbA1c levels of type 2 DM with urea levels of type 2 DM patients. While, there is no relationship between HbA1c levels of type 2 DM with creatinine levels of type 2 DM with p = 0.693 (p > 0,05). Conclusions : There is a correlation between HbA1c levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus with the age of the respondent, but there is no correlation between HbA1c levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus with ureum levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus and there is no correlation between HbA1c levels with Creatinine levels of  type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and glycemic indexes in type 2 diabetes patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Elainy Peixoto Mariano STUDART ◽  
Soraia Pinheiro Machado ARRUDA ◽  
Helena Alves de Carvalho SAMPAIO ◽  
Tatiana Uchôa PASSOS ◽  
Antonio Augusto Ferreira CARIOCA
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fast Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Diabetes Patients

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the main dietary patterns in type 2 diabetes patients and study their association with glycemic indexes. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a diabetes treatment reference institution located in the city of Fortaleza (CE). Two R24h were applied, as well as 12h fast blood glucose tests and anthropometric assessments in 188 diabetic patients. The principal components factor analysis method was applied together with a Varimax orthogonal rotation method to identify dietary patterns. The Poisson Regression and the Spearman coefficient were used to test the association with glycemic indexes. Results A hundred eighty eight diabetic patients were evaluated, of which 51.1% patients had decompensated glucose values. Five main dietary patterns were identified: traditional Brazilian, energy-dense, infusion and wholegrain cereal, sandwich and dairy, and healthy diets, which explained 37.2% of the total variance in intake. A negative correlation with glucose was found for the traditional Brazilian diet (p=0.018; r=-0.173). Conclusion Out of the five identified dietary patterns consumed by the type 2 diabetes patients studied, a higher adherence to the traditional Brazilian dietary patterns resulted in lower blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals Gambaran Status Gingiva Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Rumah Sakit Umum GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado

e-GIGI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olyvia Octaviany Monoarfa ◽  
Karel Pandelaki ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease group with the characteristic blood glucose levels than normal (hyperglycemia) that occurs because abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin recognized when payable disorders, or combination of both. Regular blood glucose levels cause patients uncontrolled type 2 diabetes are at greater risk for experiencing problems of oral health, including gingivitis. Purpose of this research was to know the description of gingival status in patients of type 2 diabetes at RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. This research is an observational descriptive with cross sectional study approach. The research population is all patients of type 2 diabetes outpatient clinic Interna RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado in September 2014. The research method is by using a Consecutive sampling with a sample of 100 people. The result of this research showed that the gingival status in patients of type 2 diabetes calculated based gingival index that most occur severe gingivitis was 45 respondents (45%). The gingival status that showed the severe gingivitis in patients of type 2 diabetes based on age 17 respondents (48,6%) in the age range of 51-60 years old, based on gender that most occur in women 27 respondents (49,1%), based on duration of suffering 25 respondents (55,6%) in the age range >10 years, and based on blood glucose control (HbA1c) that most numerous in patients with poor blood glucose 30 respondents (60%). Conclusion: The gingival status in patients of type 2 diabetes most occur severe gingivitis, and recommended in patients of type 2 diabetes to improve their healthy lifestyle in order to normalize blood glucose levels so as to reduce the occurrence of diabetes, more attention and maintain oral hygiene, especially the gingival health.Keywords: gingival status, patients of type 2 diabetes.Abstrak: Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik kadar glukosa darah yang melebihi normal (hiperglikemia) yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin, gangguan kerja insulin, ataupun kombinasi dari keduanya. Kadar gula darah yang tidak terkontrol menyebabkan penderita DM tipe 2 beresiko lebih tinggi mengalami masalah kesehatan mulut, termasuk gingivitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran status gingiva pada penderita Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Umum GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh pasien DM tipe 2 rawat jalan di Poliklinik Interna Rumah Sakit Umum GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado pada bulan September 2014. Metode penelitian yaitu Consecutive sampling dengan sampel penelitian berjumlah 100 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status gingiva yang dihitung berdasarkan indeks gingiva paling banyak menunjukkan gingivitis berat 45 subjek penelitian (45%). Status Gingiva berdasarkan umur paling banyak 17 subjek penelitian (48,6%) pada rentang umur 51–60 tahun, berdasarkan jenis kelamin paling banyak pada perempuan 27 subjek penelitian (49,1%), berdasarkan lamanya menderita paling banyak selama >10 tahun 25 subjek penelitian (55,6%), dan berdasarkan kontrol gula darah (HbA1c) paling banyak pada pasien dengan kontrol gula darah buruk (>9%) 30 subjek penelitian (60%). Simpulan: Penderita DM tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Umum GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado paling banyak mengalami gingivitis berat, serta disarankan bagi penderita agar lebih meningkatkan pola hidup sehat guna menormalkan kadar glukosa darah sehingga dapat mengurangi terjadinya diabetes, lebih memperhatikan dan menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut, terutama kesehatan gingivanya.Kata kunci: status gingiva, penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2

Meta Analysis: The Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dody Suprayogi ◽  
◽  
Agus Kristiyanto ◽  
Hanung Prasetya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Type 2 Dm

ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes can cause pathologic changes in blood vessels at various locations and can lead to stroke if cerebral vessels are directly affected. Additionally, mortality is higher and poststroke outcomes are poorer in patients with stroke with uncontrolled glucose levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus in stroke. Subjects and Method: Meta analysis and systematic review was conducted by collecting published articles from PubMed, Science Direct, Google Sscholar, Mendeley, and Clinical key databases. Keywords used “Diabetes Mellitus” AND “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus” AND “Stroke” AND “Risk Factor of Stroke” AND “Cross-sectional”. The inclusion criteria were full text and using cross-sectional study design. The articles were collected and selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3. Results: Meta analysis from 6 studies reported that type 2 DM increased the risk of stroke (aOR= 1.90; 95% CI= 1.41 to 2.57; p<0.001) with heterogeneity (I2= 78%). Conclusion: Type 2 DM increases the risk of stroke. Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke Correspondence: Dody Suprayogi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 08562772052. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.46

scholarly journals Hubungan konsumsi jenis pangan yang mengandung indeks glikemik tinggi dengan glukosa darah pasien DM tipe 2 di Uptd Diabetes Center Kota Ternate

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Nizmawaty Amra
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Diabetes Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
High Glycemic Index

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with multifactorial etiology. Nowadays, DM prevalence in Indonesia is ranked 5th in the world, compared to IDF data in 2013 which is ranked 7th in the world with 7.6 million people. The main key in the management of type 2 diabetes is the proper diet, it results in normal glucose tolerance. The scientists found that an increase in blood glucose levels can be estimated from foods containing several types of food portion with different glycemic indexes. This study aims to know at the relationship between high glycemic index foods consumption and blood glucose of type 2 diabetes patient. Studies using analytical research method with cross-sectional study design which is consist of 30 respondents. The result showed that high glycemic index foods consumption with high fasting blood sugar levels as many as 11 people (10.5%), the results of the chi-square analysis showed the value of p = 0.69 (> 0.05). Besides, high glycemic index with high postprandial glucose level as many as 13 people (11.0%), the results of the analysis showed p = 0.09 (> 0.05) and respectively, all subjects had high random glucose levels at 30 people ( 100%) and most of the people (15) with high and medium glycemic index (50%). There is no correlation between high glycemic index foods consumption with a blood glucose of type 2 diabetes patient in the Diabetes Centre, Ternate City.Diabetes Melitus merupakan kelainan metabolik dengan etiologi multifactorial. Prevalensi DM di Indonesia saat ini menempati peringkat ke-5 di dunia, dibandingkan data IDF tahun 2013 yang menempati peringkat ke-7 di dunia dengan 7,6 juta orang. Kunci pokok dalam penatalaksanaan diabetes tipe 2 adalah diet  yang benar maka toleransi glukosa dapat menjadi normal. Para ilmuwan menemukan bahwa terjadinya kenaikan kadar glukosa darah dapat diperkirakan dari makanan yang mengandung beberapa jenis pangan dengan indeks glikemik yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk melihat hubungan konsumsi jenis pangan yang mengandung indeks glikemik tinggi dengan kadar gula darah pasien DM tipe2. Metode penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional study dengan 30 responden. Konsumsi jenis pangan yang mengandung indeks glikemik tinggi dengan kadar gula darah puasa tinggi sebanyak 11 orang (10,5%), hasil analisis chi-square menunjukkan nilai p=0,69 (>0,05). Indeks glikemik tinggi dengan kadar gula darah 2 Jam Post Prandial tinggi sebanyak 13 orang (11,0%), hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai p=0,09 (>0,05) dan seluruh subyek memiliki kadar gula darah sewaktu tinggi yaitu 30 orang (100%) dengan indeks glikemik tinggi dan sedang masing-masing 15 orang (50%). Tidak ada hubungan konsumsi jenis pangan yang mengandung indeks gliemik tinggi dengan kadar gula darah pasien DM tipe 2 di Diabetes Center Kota Ternate.

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