scholarly journals The collection of potato varieties as a reserve of source material for breeding for high yield, earliness, and resistance to diseases and pests

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
L. I. Kostina ◽  
O. S. Kosareva ◽  
E. V. Truskinov ◽  
T. V. Kirpicheva
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Source Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
High Starch

Background. Information is provided about the results obtained by screening the VIR collection of improved potato varieties for main commercial traits: earliness, high yield, high starch content, and resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary), viruses, and pests, such as cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll. (Ro1)), and Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say).Materials and methods. Potato accessions representing domestic and foreign varieties from the VIR collection served as the material for this research. The screening was performed according to the techniques developed at the Potato Genetic Resources Department of VIR.Results and conclusion. Potato varieties with valuable commercial traits were identified as breeding sources promising for earliness: ‘Bashkirskiy’ (k-25338), ‘Charoit’ (k-25221), ‘Colleen’ (k-25224), ‘Lagun’ (k-25294), etc.; for high yield: ‘Ametist’ (k-25336), ‘Banba’ (k-25222), ‘Bastion’ (k-25198), ‘Nur-Alem’ (k-25253), ‘Senim’ (k-25306), etc.; for high starch content: ‘Charaўnik’ (k-25139), ‘Darnitsa’ (k-25179), ‘Lad’ (k-25180), ‘Maksimum’ (k-25136), etc.; for resistance to late blight: local variety (Georgia) (k-25298, k-25326), ‘Sunkar’ (k-25258), ‘Udovitskiy’ (k-25260), ‘Vektor’ (k-25200), ‘Zvezdochka’ (k-25209); for resistance to viruses: ‘Azart’ (k-25196), Gala (k-25270), ‘Nadezhda’ (k-25213), Utro (k-25219), ‘Volat’ (k-25263), etc. Varieties combining resistance to gold potato cyst nematode with other valuable commercial traits were selected. Varieties with relative resistance to Colorado potato beetle were isolated under favorable conditions for the pest’s development. As a result of the research, new source material was identified, with a potential to improve major commercial traits of potato: earliness, high yield, high starch content, resistance to late blight, viruses, and pests (cyst nematode and Colorado beetle).

scholarly journals Pengaruh Waktu dan Suhu Pengeringan terhadap Kandungan Pati pada Pembuatan Bubuk Umbi Talas (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) untuk Bioplastik

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Musthofa Lutfi ◽  
Alin Rosyidatul Afidah SR ◽  
Sandra Malin Sutan ◽  
Gunomo Djoyowasito
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Starch

Abstrak. Sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu sektor usaha di Indonesia yang banyak menghasilkan produk makanan untuk kebutuhan pangan masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu bagian organ tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah umbi. Kategori tanaman untuk jenis umbi-umbian ini sangat beragam. Salah satunya adalah umbi talas. Talas merupakan tanaman yang mengandung kadar pati tinggi yaitu 80%. Pati yang ada pada umbi talas ini sangat potensial untuk dijadikan bahan pembuatan bioplastik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji kadar pati pada bubuk talas yang memiliki variasi suhu dan waktu pada pengeringannya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), yang terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu: Faktor I : Waktu pengeringan (T) yang terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu T1 = 3 jam, T2 = 4 jam, T3 = 5 jam, dan T4 = 6 jam. Faktor II : Suhu Pengeringan (P) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu P1 = 40°C, P2 = 50°C, dan P3 = 60°C. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian waktu dan suhu pengeringan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kadar pati yang diperoleh. Semakin tinggi suhu dan waktu pengeringan maka kadar pati bubuk umbi talas akan semakin rendah. Perlakuan yang paling optimal dan terbaik dalam penelitian adalah perlakuan suhu 40oC waktu 4 jam. Pada perlakuan tersebut diperoleh kadar pati yang tinggi yaitu 76,89%, selain itu pada perlakuan tersebut dapat memperoleh rendemen bubuk umbi talas yang tinggi dalam waktu yang singkat.  The Effect of Time and Temperature of Drying on Starch Content in The Making of Taro Tuber Powder (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) for Bioplastics Abstract. The agricultural sector is one of the business sectors in Indonesia that produces a lot of food products for the food needs of the Indonesian people. One part of the plant organ that can be used is tuber. The plant categories for these types of tubers are very diverse. One of them is taro tuber. Taro is a plant that contains a high starch content of 80%. Starch in taro tubers is very potential to be used as a material for making bioplastics. This research was conducted to test the starch content of taro powder which has variations in temperature and time on drying. This research method uses a randomized block design (RBD), which consists of two factors, namely: Factor I: Drying time (T) consisting of 4 levels, namely T1 = 3 hours, T2 = 4 hours, T3 = 5 hours, and T4 = 6 hours. Factor II: Drying Temperature (P) which consists of 3 levels, namely P1 = 40 ° C, P2 = 50 ° C, and P3 = 60 ° C. Based on the results of the research the drying time and temperature gave a significant effect on the starch content obtained. The higher the temperature and time of drying, the lower the starch content of powdered taro tuber. The most optimal and best treatment in the study was a treatment temperature of 40oC for 4 hours. In the treatment obtained a high starch content that is 76.89%, in addition to that the treatment can obtain a high yield of taro tuber powder in a short time.

scholarly journals Yield and Properties of Ethanol Biofuel Produced from Different Whole Cassava Flours

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Ademiluyi ◽  
H. D. Mepba
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Starch

The yield and properties of ethanol biofuel produced from five different whole cassava flours were investigated. Ethanol was produced from five different whole cassava flours. The effect of quantity of yeast on ethanol yield, effect of whole cassava flour to acid and mineralized media ratio on the yield of ethanol produced, and the physical properties of ethanol produced from different cassava were investigated. Physical properties such as distillation range, density, viscosity, and flash point of ethanol produced differ slightly for different cultivars, while the yield of ethanol and electrical conductivity of ethanol from the different cassava cultivars varies significantly. The variation in mineral composition of the different whole cassava flours could also lead to variation in the electrical conductivity of ethanol produced from the different cassava cultivars. The differences in ethanol yield are attributed to differences in starch content, protein content, and dry matter of cassava cultivars. High yield of ethanol from whole cassava flour is best produced from cultivars with high starch content, low protein content, and low fiber.

scholarly journals The study of the source material of potatoes under conditions of Kirov region

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-705
Author(s):  
N. F. Sintsova ◽  
I. V. Lyskova
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
High Starch Content

The article presents the results of study of potato varieties and hybrids collection in the conditions of Kirov region, including varieties of modern Russian and foreign collections, interspecific hybrids of VIR, Falenskaya selection station and other scientific institutions for 300-350 samples annually. The study was conducted in contrasting weather conditions in 2017-2019. Sources of high productivity (705…887 g/bush): 129-10, Effekt (Russia), Lukawa (Czechoslovakia), Zorachka, Uladar (Belarus), Colomba (Netherlands) and others, and large potato tuber (100…140 g): Bellarosa (Germany), Lilea (Belarus), Irbitsky, Krepysh (Russia) were revealed. Due to big epiphytotic of late blight in 2017 varieties with high field resistance of foliage to late blight were revealed (7-9 points): Kufri Anara (India), Suzorye, Ragneda, Alpinist (Belarus), Gubernator, Skazka, Effekt, Vdohnovenie, Fritella, Legenda, 90-5-30, 55-03 (Russia); 387110.4, 678019 (Peru) and others. In 2019 samples with high late blight resistance of tubers were selected (9 points): Lilea (Belarus), Udacha, Ognivo, Lubava Legenda, 122-29, 90-6-2, 194-00, 591-97, 55-03, 56-09, 172-11, 6-1, 39-10, 132-07 (Russia), 389746.2, 678019 (BL-22), 678009 (BL-1.10) (Peru). Varieties of field resistance to viral diseases were selected: Lukawa (Czechoslovakia), Yanka, Ragneda, Zorachka, Charaunik (Belarus), Franzi, Albina, Kolomba, Sofia (Germany), Lazar, Skazka, Mayak, Udacha, Krasavchik, Charodey), Zolsky, Matushka, Nayada, Sudarynya, Kolobok, 42-7-40, 112-04, 184-05, 28-06, 48-224-10, 455-08, 431-08, 142-09, 5-7К, 1-13К, 218-12, 286-08, 40-14К, 16-25-1К, 16-29-33К, 56-09, 289-13. Assessment of starch content allowed to select varieties and hybrids with starch content above 20%: Bashkirsky, Zolsky, Lazar (Russia), Uladar, Vektar Belorussky, Manifest, Zhuravinka, Zdabytok (Belarus) and others. Hybrids 268-09 and 289-13 combined high starch content and high late blight resistance. The most valuable source material for potato breeding in the Kirov region are varieties and hybrids with a complex manifestation of warnings: Bellarosa, Albina, Sofia (Germany), 129-09, 40-14, 7-2В, 5-7 К, 268-08, 141-14, 289-13, 455-08, 56-09, 149-14, Kamensky, Irbitsky, Debryansk, Effekt (Russia), Kolamba (Netherlands), Zorachka, Сharaunik, Uladar, Altair, Lilea (Belarus), Lukawa (Czechoslovakia).

scholarly journals Direct Ethanol Production from Breadfruit Starch (Artocarpus communis Forst.) by Engineered Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (ESSF) using Microbes Consortium

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iftachul Farida ◽  
Khaswar Syamsu ◽  
Mulyorini Rahayuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Main Research ◽  
G Cell ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Breadfruit (Artocarpus communis Forst.) is one of sources for ethanol production, which has high starch content (89%). Ethanol production from breadfruit starch was conducted by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) technology using microbes consortium. The aim of the research was to examine a method to produce ethanol by SSF technology using microbes consortium at high yield and efficiency. The main research consisted of two treatments, namely normal SSF and enginereed SSF. The results showed that normal SSF using aeration and agitation during cultivation could produce ethanol at 11.15 ± 0.18 g/L, with the yield of product (Yp/s) 0.34 g ethanol/g substrate; and yield of biomass (Yx/s) 0.29 g cell/g substrate, respectively. A better result was obtained using engineered SSF in which aeration was stopped after biomass condition has reached the end of the exponential phase. The ethanol produced was 12.75 ± 0.04 g/L, with the yields of product (Yp/s) 0.41 g ethanol/g substrate, and the yield of cell (Yx/s) 0.09 g cell/g substrate.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Hasil dan Kandungan Pati Mutan Ubi Kayu Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Generasi M1V4

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Isnani Subekti ◽  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Sintho Wahyuning Ardie ◽  
Dan Muhamad Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mutant Genotype ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

<em>Cassava is one of the important starch producer crops. Although Indonesia ranks as the third largest cassava producer country, Indonesia still imports cassava starch to meet the domestic demand in food and non-food industries. Gamma ray irradiation has been implemented to generate cassava mutants in order to support development of superior cassava variety, especially high yield and high starch content, especially high yield and high starch content. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the yield potential and the starch content of gamma irradiated 40 putative cassava mutants at M1V4 generation. This research was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications and conducted at Cikabayan Experimental Field, IPB, Bogor, from May 2016 to March 2017. The starch content was measured using gravimetric methods. The results showed that five mutants, G2142, G3151, G2141, G1143, and G3111, had higher tuber weight per plant (6-7 kg per plant) compared to the background ‘Gajah’ genotype (4.7 kg per plant). ‘G2112’ mutant genotype showed higher starch content (23.86%) compared to the background ‘Gajah’ genotype (17.65%). The specific gravity (SG) was positively correlated with starch content (r = 0.905), indicated that the higher the SG, the higher the starch content of cassava.<br /><br />Keywords: gravimetric, mutant, specific gravity (SG), yield</em>

scholarly journals Identification of starch candidate genes using SLAF-seq and BSA strategies and development of related SNP-CAPS markers in tetraploid potato

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261403
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
Xiaoxia Yu ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Zhuo Yu ◽  
Jingwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Tetraploid Potato ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Caps Markers

Potato starch is an essential nutrient for humans and is widely used worldwide. Locating relevant genomic regions, mining stable genes and developing candidate gene markers can promote the breeding of new high-starch potato varieties. A total of 106 F1 individuals and their parents (YSP-4 × MIN-021) were used as test materials, from which 20 plants with high starch content and 20 with low starch content were selected to construct DNA pools for site-specific amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) and bulked segregation analysis (BSA). A genomic region related to the starch traits was first identified in the 0–5.62 Mb of chromosome 2 in tetraploid potato. In this section, a total of 41 non-synonymous genes, which were considered as candidate genes related to the starch trait, were annotated through a basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) search of multiple databases. Six candidate genes for starch (PGSC0003DMG400017793, PGSC0003DMG400035245, PGSC0003DMG400036713, PGSC0003DMG400040452, PGSC0003DMG400006636 and PGSC0003DMG400044547) were further explored. In addition, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were developed based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites associated with the starch candidate genes. SNP-CAPS markers chr2-CAPS6 and chr2-CAPS21 were successfully developed and validated with the F2 population and 24 tetraploid potato varieties (lines). Functional analysis and cloning of the candidate genes associated with potato starch will be performed in further research, and the SNP-CAPS markers chr2-CAPS6 and chr2-CAPS21 can be further used in marker-assisted selection breeding of tetraploid potato varieties with high starch content.

RNA Sequence Analysis of Cassava Varieties with High-Starch Content Using De Novo Assembly

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Jing Guo ◽  
Xing-Lu Luo ◽  
Mao-Gui Wei ◽  
Zhao-Liang Liu ◽  
Wu-Jing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
De Novo Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Rna Sequence ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Cassava Varieties

scholarly journals Continuous Blown Film Preparation of High Starch Content Composite Films with High Ultraviolet Aging Resistance and Excellent Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3813
Author(s):  
Bowen Lin ◽  
Chengqiang Li ◽  
Fangping Chen ◽  
Changsheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Longitudinal Tensile Strength ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
Aging Resistance ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Ultraviolet Aging

Starch/PBAT blown films with high ultraviolet aging resistance and excellent mechanical properties were prepared by introducing lignin with polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) as a starch modifier and physical compatibilizer and 4,4′–methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) as a crosslinker. Starch was modified by reacting the NCO groups of the PUP with the OH groups of the starch to form a carbamate bond. The mechanical properties, hydrophobic properties, ultraviolet barrier, ultraviolet aging properties and microscopic morphology of starch/PBAT films with different contents of lignin were investigated. The results showed that the starch/PBAT films were blown continuously. The addition of lignin did not decrease the mechanical properties. On the contrary, the film with 1% lignin possessed the excellent mechanical properties with longitudinal tensile strength of 15.87 MPa and the elongation at a break of 602.21%. In addition, the higher the lignin content, the better the UV blocking effect. The introduction of lignin did not affect the crystalline properties but improved the hydrophilic properties and sealing strength of the high starch content composite films.

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