Формирование технологических качеств озимых пшенично-пырейных гибридов в зависимости от уровня минерального питания

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Андрей Владимирович Фисенко ◽  
Нина Петровна Кузьмина ◽  
Любовь Петровна Калмыкова ◽  
Наталья Леонидовна Кузнецова
Keyword(s):  
Agropyron Elongatum

Представлены результаты многолетней работы по отдаленной гибридизации мягкой пшеницы с пыреем сизым (Agropyron glaucum) и пыреем удлиненным (Agropyron elongatum). Изучены технологические свойства зерна 5 озимых пшенично-пырейных гибридов (ППГ) урожая 2015 – 2016 гг. и влияние уровня минерального питания на проявление технологических качеств. Полевые испытания озимых ППГ проводили на полях центральной части Нечерноземной зоны России. Показано существенное влияние азотного питания (аммиачная селитра) на формирование показателей качества. Прибавка урожая по сравнению с контрольным вариантом (без подкормки) в среднем составила от 80 до 190 г/м2. Качество зерна большинства образцов озимых ППГ несколько ниже, чем у сортов озимой мягкой пшеницы. По массе 1000 зерен (в среднем 46 – 48 г) большинство образцов, за исключением ППГ 259, превосходят стандартный сорт. В контрольном варианте (без подкормок) формировалось низко- или среднестекловидное зерно — в среднем 47,5 %. Все варианты подкормок способствовали формированию высокостекловидного зерна — 72 – 77 %. Содержание клейковины в вариантах с подкормками в среднем было выше, чем в контроле, на 8,2 – 8,9 %. Образец ППГ 259 отличился повышенной стекловидностью зерна — от 60,5 (без подкормки) до 76,0 – 82,5 % в вариантах с азотом. По совокупности физико-химических и хлебопекарных свойств этот образец не уступал стандартному сорту Московская 39 и отвечал требованиям, предъявляемым к сильной пшенице. Создание сорта ППГ 259 доказывает возможность сочетания высокой урожайности и качества зерна у ППГ.

Структура урожая озимых пшенично-пырейных гибридов в средней полосе России

2017 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Андрей Владимирович Фисенко ◽  
Нина Петровна Кузьмина ◽  
Владимир Петрович Упелниек
Keyword(s):  
Agropyron Elongatum

Рассмотрены результаты работы по отдаленной гибридизации пшеницы с дикими сородичами, в частности с пырем сизым (Agropyron glaucum) и пыреем удлиненным (Agropyron elongatum). При гибридизации различных сортов пшеницы и пырея с последующим беккроссом был создан большой гибридный фонд, включающий разнообразные пшенично-пырейные гибриды (ППГ) как промежуточного, так и пшеничного типа. Образцы ППГ пшеничного типа не уступают стандартным сортам озимой мягкой пшеницы по урожайности и адаптивным свойствам. Все наблюдения по озимым ППГ проводили в 2007 – 2015 гг. на полях в средней полосе России. Полевые эксперименты и лабораторный анализ растений выполняли по общепринятой методике. Изучены показатели структуры урожая озимых ППГ. Установлено, что у лучших сортообразцов стабильная зерновая продуктивность в разные по погодным условиям годы обусловлена развитыми компенсаторными эффектами по элементам структуры урожая. Средняя зерновая продуктивность озимых ППГ за 8 лет составила 541,3 г/м2 с варьированием от 416,2 г/м2 (в неблагоприятном 2013 г.) до 675,7 г/м2 (в 2014 г.), а максимальный уровень достигнутой зерновой продуктивности в предварительном сортоиспытании составил 735 г/м2 (у ППГ 261 в 2014 г.). При этом продуктивность у большинства ППГ за прошедшие годы была выше стандартов. Определены оптимальные параметры растения озимого ППГ: высокая зимостойкость, средняя длина стебля, плотный хорошо озерненный колос. Корреляционный анализ показал, что в наибольшей степени с продуктивностью связан такой показатель, как число продуктивных стеблей на 1 м2 (r = 0,53 ± 0,18), при этом в разные годы коэффициент корреляции варьировал от 0,31 до 0,94.

Deinking sludge influences biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus status of several grass and legume species

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fierro ◽  
J. Norrie ◽  
A. Gosselin ◽  
C. J. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Festuca Ovina ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Galega Orientalis ◽  
Four Levels

In a greenhouse study, deinking sludge was evaluated as a soil amendment supplemented with four nitrogen (N) fertilization levels for the growth of the grasses Agropyron elongatum (Host.) Beauv. (tall wheatgrass), Alopecurus pratensis L. (meadow foxtail), Festuca ovina var. duriuscula (L). Koch (hard fescue), and four levels of phosphorus (P) for the growth of the legumes Galega orientalis Lam. (galega), Medicago lupulina L. (black medic), Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam (yellow sweet clover). Fertilizers were applied on the basis of sludge level to maintain uniform carbon (C)/N or C/P ratios across sludge treatments. In one experiment, sand was mixed with 0, 10, 20 or 30% sludge while, in a second experiment, mineral soil was mixed with 0, 27, 53 or 80% sludge (vol/vol). In sand mixtures of 30 and 20% sludge, grasses had similar or greater growth than in unamended mineral soil when N was added at about 6.5 and 8.4 g kg−1 deinking sludge, respectively. For all legumes but Medicago lupulina, P at about 0.8 g kg−1 sludge was required for these sand mixtures. In soil mixtures of 53 and 27% sludge, grasses grew well when supplemental N was about 5.3 and 6.9 g kg−1 sludge, respectively. Legumes required P at 0.5 and 1.2 g kg−1 sludge, respectively. In general, growth was closely related to total amount of added N or P in spite of the wide range of C/N or C/P ratios. When growing in media amended with sludge, grasses needed higher tissue N concentration for an equivalent growth than in control soil; legumes had similar tissue P concentration. The grasses Agropyron elongatum and Alopecurus pratensis as well as the legumes Melilotus officinalis and Galega orientalis are promising species for field testing, based on dry matter production. Deinking sludge can be used as soil amendment when adequate N and P supplements are provided. Key words: Soil amendment, papermill sludge, Agropyron elongatum, Alopecurus pratensis, Festuca ovina, Medicago lupulina, Galega orientalis, Melilotus officinalis

Tolerance to high concentrations of boron for the amphiploid of Triticum aestivum × Agropyron elongatum

1991 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Paull ◽  
A. J. Rathjen ◽  
B. Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
High Concentrations

scholarly journals Lr19 Resistance in Wheat Becomes Susceptible to Puccinia triticina in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1360-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Bhardwaj ◽  
M. Prashar ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
S. K. Jain ◽  
D. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Slow Rusting

Lr19, a resistance gene originally transferred from Agropyron elongatum to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), has remained effective worldwide against leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) except in Mexico (1). This report records a new pathotype of P. triticina virulent on Lr19 from India. From 2003 to 2004, 622 wheat leaf rust samples from 14 states were subjected to pathotype analysis. Samples were established on susceptible wheat cv. Agra Local, and pathotypes were identified on three sets of differentials following binomial nomenclature (3). Virulence on Lr19 (Agatha T4 line) was observed in approximately 2% of samples. These samples were picked from Lr19 (NIL), cvs. Ajit, Lal Bahadur, Local Red, Lok1, and Nirbhay from Karnataka and Gujarat states. All Lr19 virulent isolates were identical. The reference culture is being maintained on susceptible wheat cv. Agra Local and has also been put under long-term storage in a national repository at Flowerdale. From 2004 to 2005, this pathotype was detected in 6.3% of samples from central and peninsular India. There is no wheat variety with Lr19 under cultivation in India, however, it is being used in wheat breeding programs targeted at building resistance against leaf and stem rusts. NIL's Lr19/Sr25 (LC25) and Lr19/Sr25 (82.2711) were also susceptible to this isolate, whereas Lr19/Sr25 (spring accession) was resistant. The new isolate, designated as 253R31 (77-8), appears to be close to the pathotype 109R31 (4) with additional virulence for Lr19. The avirulence/virulence formula of pathotype 253R31 is Lr9, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27+31, 28, 29, 32, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45/Lr1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14a, 14b, 14ab, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22a, 22b, 30, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 44, 48, and 49. To our knowledge, this is the first report of virulence on Lr19 from two states of India. On international rust differentials, it is designated as TGTTQ (2), and is different from CBJ/QQ (1), the other isolate reported virulent on Lr19 from Mexico. The Mexican isolate is avirulent on Lr1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3ka, 16, 21, and 30 to which the Indian isolate is virulent. However, both isolates are avirulent on Lr9, 24, 26, 36, and Lr42. Among the wheat cultivars identified during the last 6 years, HD2824, HD2833, HD2864, HI1500, HS375, HUW 510, HW 2044, HW 5001, Lok 45, MACS 6145, MP4010, NW 2036, PBW 443, PBW 498, PBW 502, PBW 524, Raj 4037, UP 2565, VL 804, VL 829, and VL 832 and lines of wheat possessing Lr9, Lr23, Lr24, and Lr26 showed resistance to this pathotype. PBW 343, which occupies more than 5 million ha in India, is also resistant to this pathotype along with PBW 373. An integrated strategy using a combination of diverse resistance genes, deployment of cultivars by using pathotype distribution data, slow rusting, and adult plant resistance is in place to curtail selection of new pathotypes and prevent rust epiphytotics. References: (1) J. Huerta-Espino and R. P. Singh. Plant Dis. 78:640,1994. (2) D. V. Mc Vey et al. Plant Dis. 88:271, 2004. (3) S. Nagarajan et al. Curr. Sci. 52:413, 1983. (4) S. K. Nayar et al. Curr. Sci. 44:742, 1975.

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVE INTROGRESSIVE LINES OF SOFT SPRING WHEAT WITH AGROPYRON ELONGATUM GENES SUSTAINABLE TO SEPTORIOUS IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Людмила Плотникова ◽  
Lyudmila Plotnikova ◽  
Айнура Сагындекова ◽  
Aynur Sagyndekova ◽  
Галина Бережкова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Introgressive Lines

In Western Siberia, the resistance to septoria was tested for samples of wheatgrass of elongated Agropyron elongatum and introgressive lines of spring soft wheat with its genes, created at Omsk State Agrarian University. The experiments were conducted in the field in the forest-steppe zone of the south of Western Siberia (Omsk) in 2013-2016 on an annual natural infectious background. In 2013, the manifestations of septoriosis were weak, in 2014-2015 - moderate, and in 2016 epiphytoty was spread, which led to a severe defeat of varieties of West Siberian selection. A. elongatum samples showed immunity to the disease. In 2013, 15 promising wheat lines were identified that showed high or medium resistance to the Septoria tritici fungus, causing leaf spotting, and Parastagonospora nodorum, which affects leaves and spikes. The lines were predominantly in the middle or middle groups. According to the results of four-year experiments in contrasting weather conditions, the best lines on average showed higher productivity than, or comparable to, the standard varieties, mainly due to the increased number of productive stems of the plant and a high mass of 1000 grains. During the period of observation, there was an increase in the damage of wheat varieties and lines by the causative agents of Septoria, especially S. tritici. In 2013, 8 lines showed high resistance to leaf damage, 10 lines - ears. During the epiphytosis of 2016 year the resistance to S. tritici retained only 2 lines. The resistance to damage to the ear was more stable, in 2016, 6 lines were high, and 5 - medium resistant to P. nodorum. Two lines showed high resistance to septoriosis of leaves and ear. Dedicated lines are recommended for use in breeding soft wheat for resistance to disease.

LMW-GS genes in Agropyron elongatum and their potential value in wheat breeding

2005 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Luo ◽  
Fanguo Chen ◽  
Deshun Feng ◽  
Guangmin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Potential Value

THE INHERITANCE OF RUST RESISTANCE. VI. THE TRANSFER OF STEM RUST RESISTANCE FROM AGROPYRON ELONGATUM TO COMMON WHEAT

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Inheritance Of Rust Resistance ◽  
Or Genes

The rust resistance of a 56-chromosome wheat-Agropyron derivative was found to be controlled by a gene or genes on a single Agropyron chromosome. Resistant wheat plants having 21II of wheat chromosomes plus a single added Agropyron chromosome were produced. Spikes of these plants were irradiated with either gamma rays or X-rays and seeds were irradiated with thermal neutrons. As a result of the irradiation, in at least five lines and possibly seven a piece of the Agropyron chromosome carrying the gene or genes for rust resistance was transferred to a wheat chromosome. One of the translocations is transmitted normally through the gametes but the remaining six show irregularities in transmission particularly through the pollen.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document