scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF WORLD CPO PRICE CHANGE TOWARDS PRICES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisnu Winardi ◽  
Hadi Susanto ◽  
Kadim Martana
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Price Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cge Model ◽  
Social Accounting Matrix ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cge Models ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

Paper ini menganalisis dampak perubahan harga CPO dunia terhadap harga-harga, aktivitas ekonomi, dan distribusi pendapatan rumah tangga di Indonesia dengan pendekatan model CGE. Model pertama mengasumsikan Indonesia tidak mampu memengaruhi harga, sedangkan model kedua mengasumsikan Indonesia mampu memengaruhi harga. Data utama yang digunakan bersumber dari Tabel Sistem Neraca Sosial Ekonomi Indonesia tahun 2008. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa apabila Indonesia berperan sebagai penerima harga, peningkatan harga CPO dunia diperkirakan akan berdampak pada penguatan nilai tukar, penurunan tingkat harga, dan meningkatkan aktivitas ekonomi, namun sedikit mengurangi kemerataan distribusi pendapatan. Di sisi lain, penurunan harga CPO dunia akan memberikan dampak yang sebaliknya. Apabila Indonesia dapat berperan memengaruhi harga, perubahan harga CPO dunia diperkirakan akan berdampak sama dengan bila Indonesia tidak dapat memengaruhi harga, namun dengan nilai perubahan yang relatif lebih kecil. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa Indonesia sebaiknya dapat berperan sebagai penerima harga ketika harga CPO dunia bertendensi meningkat dan berperan memengahuhi harga ketika harga CPO dunia bertendensi turun. This paper analyzes the impact of world CPO change price towards prices, economic activities, and household income distribution using CGE Models. The first model assumes that Indonesia is a price taker, while the second model assumes that Indonesia could influence the price. The main data were taken from Indonesian Social Accounting Matrix 2008. The simulation results suggest that if Indonesia takes the role as a price taker, an increase in world CPO price will affect exchange rate, decrease prices, and improve economic activities, but it slightly worsened household income distribution. On the other hand, a decrease in world CPO price will bring about the opposite impacts respectively. Conversely, if Indonesia takes the role as a main price influencer, world CPO price change will lead to a similar result with less magnitude impacts. These findings suggest that Indonesia should be able to take the role as a price taker when world CPO price is increasing and as a main price influencer when world CPO price is decreasing.

THE IMPACT OF THE ANTI-CORRUPTION CAMPAIGN ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
YING GE ◽  
JINJUN XUE
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides the first systematic micro-level evidences on the effectiveness of anti-corruption campaign in disciplining public officials and its impact on income distribution. Based on China Household Income Project (CHIP) survey data 2007 and 2013, we found that party and government officials had significant hidden income and the public–private earnings gap was as high as 8% before the campaign. However, the hidden income become not significant and the earnings gap declined to −18% in this post-campaign period. The regions inspected by central anti-corruption inspection groups experience larger public earnings penalties compared to the other regions. Overall, our findings suggest that the privilege of public officials declined sharply during this anti-corruption campaign.

THE IMPACT OF TAXATION ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350024 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUNTA NUGRAHA ◽  
PHIL LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Major Data

The Indonesian economy has grown significantly since 2000, but income inequality has increased since 2001. One of the possible government tools to improve income inequality is through taxation. This paper evaluates household income, income tax, taxes on production, and their impact on income distribution. The major data sources are the National Socioeconomic Survey and the Input–Output Table. The key finding is that income tax only slightly improves income distribution, but taxes on production worsen income distribution. The other important finding is that both forms of taxation are regressive, especially for lower and middle income household. The results suggest that Indonesian taxation worsens income inequality.

scholarly journals The impact of a minimum wage change on the distribution of wages and household income

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Redmond ◽  
Karina Doorley ◽  
Seamus McGuinness
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Wage Increase ◽  
Minimum Wage Increase ◽  
Wage Change ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We use distribution regression analysis to study the impact of a 6% increase in the Irish minimum wage on the distribution of hourly wages and household income. Wage inequality, measured by the ratio of wages in the 90th and 10th percentiles and the 75th and 25th percentiles, decreased by approximately 8 and 4%, respectively. The results point towards wage spillover effects up to the 30th percentile of the wage distribution. We show that minimum wage workers are spread throughout the household income distribution and are often located in high-income households. Therefore, while we observe strong effects on the wage distribution, the impact of a minimum wage increase on the household income distribution is quite limited.

A Multiregion Model with Capital Accumulation and Endogenous Amenities

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 2248-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Unique Equilibrium ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Technological Differences ◽  
National Output ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Wage Disparities

The author develops a multiregional growth model with endogenous amenity and capital accumulation for any number of regions. The simulation results demonstrate that the national dynamics have a unique equilibrium. Comparative statics analysis shows that, if environmental improvement occurs in the technologically advanced (less advanced) region, the national output rises (falls). As a region improves its technology, the other two regions' aggregated output levels fall—not only in relative, but also in absolute, terms. This implies that if any region has a high rate of technological change and the other regions remain technologically stationary, then economic activities will tend to be concentrated in the technologically advancing region. It is also shown that technological differences appear to play only a small role in accounting for spatial wage disparities and endowments.

The Simulation Analysis of MOSFET Channel Stress for Different Oxide/Nitride/Oxide (ONO) Spacer Thicknesses

2013 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 436-439
Author(s):  
J.Y. Chen ◽  
Z.H. Chen ◽  
K.C. Lin ◽  
M.J. Twu ◽  
Y.H. Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strained Si ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Spacer Thickness ◽  
Nitride Oxide ◽  
The Impact

It is demonstrated that the strained-Si can enhance the channel stress with the contact etching stop layer (CESL) stressor. In addition to CESL, this article also includes ONO spacer and investigates the impact of ONO spacer thickness on the channel stress. It is found that the channel stress increases when the nitride thickness of the ONO spacer increases. On the other hand, the stress distribution is simulated and analyzed for the devices with or without CESL stressor. Generally speaking, based on the simulation results, the channel stress of MOSFET devices increases when the nitride stressor of ONO spacer and/or CESL increases.

scholarly journals Intra-layer Synchronization in a Duplex Networks with Noise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsen Zhuang ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Yonghui Xia
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
State Feedback ◽  
Feedback Controller ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Stochastic Perturbations ◽  
State Feedback Controller ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

This paper concerns the impact of stochastic perturbations on the intra-layer synchronization of the duplex networks. A duplex network contains two layers ([1,2]). Different from the previous works, environmental noise is introduced into the dynamical system of the duplex network. We incorporate both the inter-layer delay and the intra-layer delay into the dynamical system. Both of the delays are time-varying. However, the paper [1] only considered the intra-layer delays and they are assumed as the constants. While the paper [2] did not consider the inter-layer delay or intra-layer delay. When the system does not achieve automatic intra-layer synchronization, we introduce two controllers: one is the state-feedback controller, the other is the adaptive state-feedback controller. Interestingly, we find that the intra-layer synchronization will achieve automatically if the inter-layer coupling strength $c_1$ is large enough when the time-varying inter-layer delays are absent. Finally, some interesting simulation results are obtained for the Chua-Chua chaotic system with application of our theoretic results, which show the feasibility effectiveness of our control schemes.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN USAHATANI SORGUM DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Wiji Gupito ◽  
Irham Irham ◽  
Lestari Rahayu Waluyati
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Land Size

The objective of this study are : (1) to understand about the contribution of sorghum farming income to total household income, (2) factors that influence sorghum farming income, and (3) income distribution level of sorghum farmers in Gunungkidul Regency.The basic methodused in this studyis descriptive-analytic. Sampling method used in this study is purposive sampling. The data weretaken from 30 farmers in study area. The data was collected by an interview,questionnaires and literatures study case.In order to learn the several factors influencing income level, isused multiple linear regression method.On the other hand,the level of total income distribution of sorghum farmerswas analylizedby using Gini Ratio and Lorenz Curve. The results of this study showsthat shorgum farming incomecontributes 2% for total farmers income. This study also show that sorghum farming does not cause inequality income in the study area. Several factorsthat affect sorghum farmers income positively are the land size and seed prices.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Conditional Cash Transfer Program on Household Income in Colombia

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Diana Hincapié
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer Program ◽  
The Impact

This paper estimates the impact of Familias en Acción, the largest Colombian conditional cash transfer program, on household income. It uses a Quantile Regression methodology and Difference-in-Difference estimators to capture the impact of the program on household income at different quantiles of the income distribution. The estimations show that the program has a positive impact on household income, and that this impact is larger for the households at the lower quantiles of the income distribution. Additional analyses examine whether these results stem from changes in labor market participation or increases in non-labor income. There is some indication that for program participants there was a decrease in labor income, while there was an increase in subsidies or non-labor income. Implications of these findings for conditional cash transfer programs are discussed.

scholarly journals ANALISIS POLA PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PERTANIAN PRA DAN PASCA TERJADINYA KRISIS EKONOMI DI INDONESIA: APLIKASI MULTIPLIER DECOMPOSITION PADA SISTEM NERACA SOSIAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firmansyah Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Agricultural Household ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Farm Livestock

Contraction of Indonesia's production sectors in 1998 as economic crisis impacts, have not been occurred on Farm, Livestock, Forestry and Fisheries sector and Electricity, Gas and Water sector. Particularly on Farm, Livestock, Forestry and Fisheries sector is interesting that the sector have been gave a second big contribution on Indonesia GDP less than Manufacturing sector, meanwhile most Indonesia citizen are farmer. On the other word, this sector is the Indonesia economy base.We have not said yet that Indonesia's citizen as prosperous as before crisis. Because, nor the sector it self and its agents would not live 'alone' and need others sector's commodities. It could be said, that linkage with the other sectors is high.The aim of this is to observe the agricultural household income, pre and post economic crisis, that we have used Indonesia SAM table 1995, 1998 and 1999 and multiplier decomposition analysis.Analysis result of SAM table explains a big shock of economic activity on agricultural household particularly on farm workers household and farmer landowner 0-0,5 Ha households. Although on 1998 agricultural household is worse than condition before, the prospect of recovery has been seen on income condition and agricultural household expenditure on SAM 1999 observation.Multiplier analysis on SAM table indicate that from 1995 to 1999 the sock of economic activities by agricultural household less than non-agricultural household. In fact, economic crisis did not give significant impact on agricultural household, however the recovery of agricultural household is sluggish. The result shows that from 1995 to 1999 agricultural household is consistent, mainly on farmer land owner 0-0,5 Ha household and farmer worker household.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tariff Reforms on Income Distribution in Pakistan: A CGE-based Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (4II) ◽  
pp. 789-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Siddiqui ◽  
Rizwana Siddiqui ◽  
Zafar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Asset Price ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Price Effect ◽  
Cge Models ◽  
The Impact

Like most developing countries, Pakistan has undertaken drastic economic policy reforms since the mid-1980s. Under these structural reforms there is a general shift away from quantitative restrictions and price controls towards liberalisation and privatisation. The empirical studies1 analysing the impact of the reforms report mixed results. Economy wide framework like Computable General Equilibrium (CGE), based on the social accounting matrix, is well suited to analysing the effect of these structural reforms. The CGE models are developed to capture the medium to long-run effects through which adjustment programmes affect income distribution. These models are often used to evaluate the effects of trade and tax policies on income distribution in developing countries. There are three interacting channels through which these adjustment policies affect income distribution, viz., the relative price effect, the asset price effect and the shift in portfolio. However, in this study, we are analysing the effect of changes in relative prices only.

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