scholarly journals Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties for Moisture Stress Areas in Humbo District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Senapathy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Varieties

Maize is a priority crop to farmers because it is a staple food in many rural communities of the southern region. It is widely grown in the various parts of the southern region, from lowland to mid-highlands. On the other hand, moisture stress is one of the most critical production constraints of maize in low to intermediate agroecology. Thus, developing maize varieties tolerant to moisture is of paramount importance to sustain maize production in moisture areas. In this context, field experiments were conducted during 201617 croppings at Kindo Koyisha and Humbo to select adaptable maize varieties for moisture stress areas with reasonable grain yield. Treatments used in this study were eight maize varieties (BH546, BH547, Gibe II, MH130, Melkasa IV, MH140, Melkasa II, and Melkasa 6Q) and three local cultivars (Local red, Local mixed, and Local white) of the total of eleven maize genotypes were evaluated at two moisture-prone areas in southern Ethiopia. Treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Maize varieties exhibited different performances at two tested locations. The varieties had the relatively superior performance of Kindo Koyisha as compared to Humbo. The Humbo varieties MH140, MH130, BH546, and Melkasa IV, have yielded relatively higher grain than the rest of the areas. At the same time, the Kindo Koyisha maize varieties expressed relatively better performance concerning grain yield. It has been recorded that the varieties with superior performance with sounding grain yield were BH546, MH140, BH547, and MH130 in these locations. Based on this result, BH546, MH140, and MH130 could be used at both locations. Moreover, BH547 at Bale and Melkasa IV at Humbo also be used in respective locations for production.

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of nitrogen on growth and yield of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Kripa Adhikari ◽  
Sudip Bhandari ◽  
Krishna Aryal ◽  
Mohan Mahato ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is considered as one of the most important factors affecting growth and grain yield of hybrid maize. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different rates of nitrogen and varieties on growth and yield of hybrid maize in Lamahi Municipality, Dang, Nepal from June to October, 2019. Three levels of hybrid maize varieties (10V10, Rajkumar F1 and NMH-731) and four levels of nitrogen (160, 180, 200 and 220 kg N ha-1) were evaluated using two factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that grain yield and yield attributing traits of hybrid maize varieties increased with the increasing level of nitrogen from 160 to 220 kg ha-1. The application of nitrogen @ 220 kg N ha-1 produced the highest grain yield (10.07 t ha-1), cob length (16.33 cm), no of rows per cob (14.97), no of grains per row (33.37), cob diameter (4.54), thousand grain weight (276.77 g), stover yield (12.91 t ha-1), biological yield (23.00 t ha-1), harvest index (43.80), gross return (NRs. 208940 ha-1), net return (NRs.104488 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.001). The hybrid maize variety 10V10 produced the highest grain yield (9.35 t ha-1), net returns (NRs. 91740.66 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.91) accompanied by the highest cob length (16.25 cm), and as number of grains per row (32.35) as compared to other varieties. This study suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating hybrid maize variety 10V10 with the use of 220 kg N ha-1 in inner Terai region of Nepal.

INFLUENCE OF TIME OF NITROGEN SECOND DOSE FERTILIZATION MAIZE (Zea mays L.) VARIETIES IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH OF NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
K. M. Ladan ◽  
A. H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Application Data ◽  
Maize Grain

The field trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of timing nitrogen second dose fertilization on the grain yield and yield components of some improved maize varieties. The field experiments was conducted at the Institute for Agricultural Research IAR-ABU Research Farm Samaru – Zaria and Military Cantonment Farm Jaji – Nigeria. Treatments consist of three maize varieties (SAMMAZ 14, SAMMAZ 15 and SAMMAZ 16) and six timings of nitrogen second dose of fertilizer application. Data were recorded on grain yield, number of cobs /plant, number of grain /row, cob(ear) diameter, cob(ear) weight and 100 grain weight. Treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. SAMMAZ 16 produced significantly higher grain yield and recorded superior yield characters over SAMMAZ 14 and 15. The results further showed that time of nitrogen second dose application 6 WAS outperformed other timings evaluated at both location. The study identified. SAMMAZ 16 and time 6 WAS appeared to be the option for increased maize grain yield in the study area

scholarly journals Evaluation of Conservation Farming Practices in Improving Sorghum Yield at Tanqua Abergelle Wereda, Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Meresa Weleslasie ◽  
Guesh Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Conservation Farming ◽  
Significant Difference

Traditional farming, particularly tillage has long been used by farmers to loosen the soil, make a seed bed and control weed. However, it has been discovered that tillage operations, overtime, cause a decline in soil fertility and overall productivity resulting from deterioration of soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of minimizing soil disturbance on sorghum yield. The research was conducted at Tanqua Abergelle Wereda in specific localization called Gereb Giba testing site. Six treatments replicated three times according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and plot size of 3.75 m x 4 m were used. The conservation farming practices used were basin and tie-ridger, one month earlier from its sowing date. Moreover, sorghum seeds were sown on nursery in the month of June, and was latter transplanted to field experiments. Agronomic data were collected for three consecutive years (2014 to 2016) and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The obtained result indicates that there was significant difference (0.05%) between treatments especially with comparison to conventional tillage. The highest grain yield (1.41 t/ha) was obtained in the treatment (Ripper + tie-ridger + transplanting), followed by basin + transplanting, Ripper + tie-ridger + inter-cropping, Ripper + tie-ridger and conventional tillage with 1.33 t/ha, 1.21 t/ha, 1.16 t/ha and 0.95 t/ha respectively and the lowest was obtained from basin 0.72 t/ha, due to sandy soils, i.e siltation affects at initial growth stage. Therefore, using tie-ridger and basin with transplanting are more important in low receiving and eratic type of rainfall, due to moisture stress prone areas and to increase grain yield. Though, practicing such kinds should be taken as compulsory issue particularly in dry land areas.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Early Maturing Ground Nut Varieties in West Guji lowland, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Ejigu Ejara ◽  
Kemal Kitaba ◽  
Zinash Misganaa ◽  
Mulatu Gabisa ◽  
Ganene Tesama
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Groundnut is an important oil seed crop, grown throughout the tropics and sub tropics worldwide. It is one of the three economically important oilseed crops grown in Ethiopia. Groundnut is commonly produced by small scale farmers as food and cash crops in the study area. The area has potential to the production of Ground nut for food and nutrition security as well as export commodity. However, scarcity of varieties that fit to the environment is one of the major constraints of production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate five Ground nut varieties and select early maturing varieties with considerable yield and agronomic traits. The field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 at Abaya and varieties were planted in Randomized complete block design (RCBD). Data were collected on yield and important agronomic traits. The computed analysis of variance revealed significant variations among varieties for days to maturity, number of primary branches, number of pegs per plants, Grain yield and shelling percentage. The pooled over year mean of varieties indicated , Tole- 1 variety ( Check) is high yielding with mean grain yield of 4174.7kg followed by variety Sedi (3552.5kg/ha) and Babile local (3550.4kg/ha).Variety Sedi has special merit in terms of earliness and therefore recommended for moisture stress areas of Abaya and location with similar agro ecologies while Tole -1 (Standard check) is high yielding varieties and should be used in production until new varieties will be developed through selection/breeding program.

scholarly journals Effects of row spacings and varieties on grain yield and economics of maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Saurabha Koirala ◽  
Akash Dhakal ◽  
Dhiraj Niraula ◽  
Sampurna Bartaula ◽  
Urbashi Panthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Four Levels

Maize is the second most important crop of Nepal. The yield of the crop is low due to lack of appropriate plant density for the varieties. The field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different row spacings on different maize varieties at Deupur, Lamahi municipality of the dang district in province No. 5, Nepal during the rainy season from June to September, 2018. Four levels of spacings (boardcasting and three row spacings of 45, 60 and 75 cm) and two maize varieties (Rampur Composite and Arun-2) were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest grain yield was found in Rampur Composite and Arun-2 while they were planted with row spacing of 60 cm with plant to plant spacing of 25 cm. The highest grain yield, cob length, cob circumference, number of rows per cob, thousand grain weight  were reported when maize was planted in the  row spacing 60×25cm. Among the maize varieties, Rampur Composite produced the highest grain yield, cob length, cob circumference, number of rows per cob as compared to Arun-2. This study suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating maize varieties with row spacing of 60 cm with plant to plant spacing of 25 cm.

scholarly journals Simulating the Response of Drought–Tolerant Maize Varieties to Nitrogen Application in Contrasting Environments in the Nigeria Savannas Using the APSIM Model

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Aloysius Beah ◽  
Alpha Y. Kamara ◽  
Jibrin M. Jibrin ◽  
Folorunso M. Akinseye ◽  
Abdullahi I. Tofa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Maize Varieties

This paper assessed the application of the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM)–maize module as a decision support tool for optimizing nitrogen application to determine yield and net return of maize production under current agricultural practices in the Nigeria savannas. The model was calibrated for two maize varieties using data from field experiments conducted under optimum conditions in three locations during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The model was evaluated using an independent dataset from an experiment conducted under different nitrogen (N) levels in two locations within Southern and Northern Guinea savannas. The results show that model accurately predicted days to 50% anthesis and physiological maturity, leaf area index (LAI), grain yield and total dry matter (TDM) of both varieties with low RMSE and RMSEn (%) values within the range of acceptable statistics indices. Based on 31-year seasonal simulation, optimum mean grain yield of 3941 kg ha−1 for Abuja, and 4549 for Kano was simulated at N rate of 120 kg ha–1 for the early maturing variety 2009EVDT. Meanwhile in Zaria, optimum mean yield of 4173 kg ha–1 was simulated at N rate of 90 kg ha−1. For the intermediate maturing variety, IWDC2SYNF2 mean optimum yields of 5152, 5462, and 4849 kg ha−1, were simulated at N application of 120 kg ha−1 for all the locations. The probability of exceeding attainable mean grain yield of 3000 and 4000 kg ha−1 for 2009EVDT and IWDC2SYNF2, respectively would be expected in 95% of the years with application of 90 kg N ha−1 across the three sites. Following the profitability scenarios analysis, the realistic net incomes of US$ 536 ha–1 for Abuja, and US$ 657 ha−1 for Zaria were estimated at N rate of 90 kg ha−1 and at Kano site, realistic net income of US$ 720 ha–1was estimated at N rate of 120 kg ha−1 for 2009EVDT.For IWDC2SYNF2, realistic net incomes of US$ 870, 974, and 818 ha−1 were estimated at N application of 120 kg ha−1 for Abuja, Zaria, and Kano respectively. The result of this study suggests that 90 kg N ha−1 can be recommended for 2009EVDT and 120 kg N ha–1 for IWDC2SYNF2 in Abuja and Zaria while in Kano, 120 kg N ha−1 should be applied to both varieties to attain optimum yield and profit.

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake, use efficiency and productivity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in Keddida Gamela Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Godebo ◽  
Fanuel Laekemariam ◽  
Gobeze Loha
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia. The productivity of wheat is markedly constrained by nutrient depletion and inadequate fertilizer application. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizer rates on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and use efficiency during 2019 cropping season on Kedida Gamela Woreda, Kembata Tembaro Zone Southern Ethiopia. Factorial combinations of four rates of N (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg Nha−1) and three rates of K2O (0, 30 and 60 kg Nha−1) in the form of urea (46–0-0) and murate of potash (KCl) (0-0-60) respectively, were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that most parameters viz yield, yield components, N uptake and use efficiency revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) due to interaction effects of N and K. Fertilizer application at the rate of 46 N and 30 kg K ha−1 resulted in high grain yield of 4392 kg ha− 1 and the lowest 1041 from control. The highest agronomic efficiency of N (52.5) obtained from the application of 46 kg N ha−1. Maximum physiological efficiency of N (86.6 kg kg−1) and use efficiency of K (58.6%) was recorded from the interaction of 46 and 30 kg K ha−1. Hence, it could be concluded that applying 46 and 30 kg K ha−1was resulted in high grain yield and economic return to wheat growing farmers of the area. Yet, in order to draw sound conclusion, repeating the experiment in over seasons and locations is recommended.

scholarly journals Improvement yield and nitrogen uptake of wheat through application of organic and inorganic fertilizers

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
S Siraj ◽  
A Huda ◽  
MLN Begum ◽  
S Bilkis
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Floodplain Soil ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

An experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during winter (Rabi) season of 2013-14 to evaluate the effect of integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield and nitrogen (N) uptake of wheat. There were six treatments such as T0 (control), T1 [STB-CF (HYG)], T2 [STB-CF (HYG) + CD (5 t/ha)], T3 [STB-CF (HYG) +PM (3 t/ha)], T4 [STB-CF (HYG) COM (5 t/ha)] and T5 [FP (Farmers’ practice)]. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Soil test based nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc and boron were used @ 100, 20, 60, 10, 3 and 2 kg ha-1, respectively. The integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the yield attributes as well as grain and straw yields of wheat. The treatment T3 [STB-CF (HYG) + PM (3 tha-1)] produced the highest grain yield of 3554 kg ha-1 (69.67% increase over control) and straw yield of 3635 kg ha-1 (62.83% increase over control). The lowest grain yield (2094 kg ha-1) and straw yield (2232 kg ha-1) were found in control treatment. The N content and uptake by wheat were also markedly influenced by combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers and the treatment T3 demonstrated superior performance to other treatments. So, the applications of fertilizers in combination with poultry manure @ 3 t ha-1 can be used for the successful cultivation of wheat in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain soil. Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 149-153, 2016

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes for Yield and Related Traits at Areka, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Yohannes ◽  
Gobeze Loha ◽  
Mesfin Kebede Gessese
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Plant Breeding Program

Common bean is a source of dietary protein and the second most important legume crop in Africa next to faba bean. In Ethiopia common bean is the most important legume as the source of protein and export commodity. Hence, development of commercial varieties is one of the major tasks to meet increasing demand of the stake holders. To this effect, understanding the genetic variability, heritability and association between grain yield and other agronomic traits is necessary for effective plant breeding program. In this context, a field experiment was conducted during 2016/2017 cropping season at Areka Agricultural Research Center in southern Ethiopia with the objective of evaluating common bean genotypes for yield and related traits and also estimate the variability present among the genotypes. Treatments consisted of thirty three common bean genotypes were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Common bean genotypes exhibited considerable variations for agronomic traits and grain yield. Majority of the traits; plant height, number of nodes, internode length, leaf area, LAI, biological yield, pods per plant, HI and HSW had higher PCV. Genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) varied from 1.88% to 37.72% with the highest GCV recorded for HSW. Heritability in broad sense (H2) ranged from 0.52% to 95.33% with the highest value observed for HSW. The present study revealed significant variation among genotypes for traits considered except few insignificant traits. In addition, almost all the genotypes were well adapted to the study area and hence, the high yielding genotypes could be directly used as seed sources for production of common bean and some of the genotypes with best diseases resistance reaction, and with high heritability can possibly be used in common bean improvement program.

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