scholarly journals Biodegradation of aniline by Enterobacter ludwigii KH-5 isolated from the soil around Shiraz refinery, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-707 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Enterobacter Ludwigii ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
16S Rdna Gene Sequencing

<div> <p>Aniline is a harmful substance that pollutes the environment and seriously endangers human health. In the present study five different bacteria were enriched and isolated from the soil around Shiraz refinery (Iran) as aniline degrading bacteria. They were identified as <em>Enterobacter ludwigii </em>KH-5,<em> Raoultella planticola</em> KH-A2<em>, Alcaligenes faecalis</em> KH-A3<em>, Serratia marcescens</em> KH-A4 and<em> Microbacterium barkeri</em> KH-A1 based on 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The highest aniline degradation rate (96%) was observed by <em>E. ludwigii</em> KH-A5. This strain with the greatest amount of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was the most aniline resistant bacterium. The optimum pH and temperature that supported biodegradation of aniline by strain KH-A5 were 7.0 and 28-35 &deg;C, respectively. The maximum growth and biodegradation of aniline by KH-A5 were observed at the initial aniline concentration of 100 mg l<sup>-1</sup>. The strain could growth on aniline up to concentration of 700 mg l<sup>-1</sup> with the degradation rate of 11%. Further studies demonstrated that the addition of 0.5 g l<sup>-1</sup> glucose or potassium nitrate as a second carbon or nitrogen source could slightly enhance the biodegradation efficiency from 96.0% to 99.0%. However, even more addition of glucose or potassium nitrate could not further enhance the biodegradation process but delayed the biodegradation of aniline by the strain KH-A5. It could be concluded that these new strains, particularly<em> E. ludwigii</em> KH-A5, have a potential use for bioremediation of the site contaminated with aniline.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Degradation of 17β-estradiol by UV/persulfate in different water samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjie Zhu ◽  
Yanan Shao ◽  
Min Wei ◽  
Kefu Yu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bond Breakage ◽  
Benzene Rings ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
By Products ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Sulfate radical (•SO4−)-based advanced oxidation processes are widely used for wastewater treatment. This study explored the potential use of UV/persulfate (UV/PS) system for the degradation of 17β-estradiol (E2). The pH of the reaction system can affect the degradation rate of E2 by UV/PS and the optimum pH was 7.0; Br− and Cl− in water can promote the degradation rate, HCO3− has an inhibitory effect on the reaction, SO42− and cations (Na+, Mg2+, K+) have no effect on the degradation rate. The degradation of E2 by UV/PS was a mineralization process, with the mineralization rate reaching 90.97% at 8 h. E2 in the UV/PS system was mainly degraded by hydroxylation, deoxygenation, and hydrogenation. E2 reaction sites were mainly located on benzene rings, mainly carbonylation on quinary rings, and bond breakage between C10 and C5 resulted in the removal of benzene rings and carboxyl at C2 and C3 sites. In the presence of halogen ions, halogenated disinfection by-products were not formed in the degradation process of E2 by UV/PS. E2 in the UV/PS system could inhibit the formation of bromate. The results of this study suggest that UV/PS is a safe and reliable method to degrade E2.

Research on the Degradation of Herbicide-Quinclorac by Microorganism

2013 ◽  
Vol 739 ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Zhi Zheng ◽  
Wei Ai Zeng ◽  
Song Yi Zhao ◽  
Yan Ning Huang ◽  
Qing Ming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
16S Sequence ◽  
Degradation Effect

In order to study the degradation of herbicide----Quinclorac using microorganism, separate and screen the degrading bacteria CSUFTM62 from soil, this paper researched the degradation effect of bacterial strain on the Quinclorac under different situations, including different increments, different temperatures, different concentrations of pesticide, different pH, and different additive amount of nutrients. The results show that the optimal degradation temperature is 30 ° C; the optimum pH is 7; the degradation rate of Quinclorac reaches its maximum when the concentration is 50mg / L. Adding yeast extract could increase the amount of strain growth but never affect its degradation effects on Quinclorac; combined with the morphological characteristics, the strains CSUFTM62 is identified as the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by measuring the 16S sequence.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of a Bacterial Strain Enterobacter cloacae (Accession No. KX438060.1) Capable of Degrading DDTs Under Aerobic Conditions and Its Use in Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863612110242
Author(s):  
Sonal Suman ◽  
Tanuja
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

DDT is one of the most persistent pesticides among all the different types of organo-chlorine pesticides used. Among all the degradation methods, bacterial degradation of DDT is most effective. The present study was conducted to isolate different bacteria present in waste samples which have the ability to degrade DDT present in the soil in the minimum possible period of time and to observe the effect of different physical and chemical properties of the soil samples. Many pesticide degrading bacteria were isolated and identified through cultural, biochemical tests and further identified by 16S RNA sequencing method. The most potent strain DDT 1 growth in mineral salt medium supplemented with DDT as the only source of carbon (5-100 PPM) and was monitored at an optical density of 600 nm. The growth parameters at different physio-chemical conditions were further optimized. The result showed that Enterobacter cloacae had maximum growth in 15 days. FTIR analysis of the residual DDT after 15 days incubation showed that Enterobacter cloacae was able to degrade pesticide into its further metabolites of DDD, DDE, DDNU and other components can be used for biodegradation of DDT present in contaminated soil and water ecosystems.

scholarly journals Research on Degradation Characteristics of Nonylphenol in Water by Highly Effective Complex Microorganisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 04016
Author(s):  
Juan Ma ◽  
Fang-yan Chen ◽  
Yu-bin Tang ◽  
Xin-gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Aiming at effectively controlling nonylphenol (NP) pollution, three bacterial strains were isolated from activated sludge and landfill leachate, which could grow with nonylphenol as sole carbon and energy source. The three nonylphenol-degrading bacteria isolated were named as WN6, SLY9 and SLY10, respectively. The morphological observation and 16S rDNA identification revealed that the strains belonged to Serratia sp., Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas putida, respectively. WN6 and SLY9 contained ALK gene, while WN6 and SLY10 harbored C12O genes. The three strains were combined together to form complex microorganisms ZJF. The ratio of Serratia sp. to Klebsiella sp. to Pseudomonas putida was 2:1:2 (volume ratio of bacterial suspension). Under the conditions that temperature was 30 ℃, pH was 6, inoculation amount was 10% (volume ratio), initial concentration of NP solutions was 20 mg/L, NP degradation rate by ZJF reached 73.82%, compared with any single strain of the three bacteria, NP degradation rate by ZJF increased more than 15% during 6 days. Bioremediation of nonylphenol-polluted the Yangtze River and the Ancient Canal water by ZJF ware simulated. After a 6-day incubation period, the degrading rate of nonylphenol in Ancient Canal water was close to 80%, and the degrading rate of nonylphenol in Yangtze River water was 72.84%.

scholarly journals Laboratory Study for Biodegradation of Oxymatrine Insecticide by Single and Mixed Cultures of Fungi Isolated from Agriculture Soils in Basrah Governorate, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 0010
Author(s):  
Raheem Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Baseline Study ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Single And Mixed Cultures

This study focuses on the biodegradation of oxymatrine insecticide by some soil fungi isolated from four agriculture stations. The results showed that the highest degradation rate 94.66% was recorded by Ulocladium sp. at 10 days and A. niger recorded the lowest degradation rate 45.86%, while at 20 days Ulocladium sp. also showed the highest degradation rate 94.98% and the lowest degradation rate reached to 82.49% with A.niger. The mix (Exerohilum sp.+Ulocladium sp.) recorded the highest degradation rate of oxymatrine insecticide 90.22%, 88.51%, 85.34%  at 4, 8 and 12 ppm.The use of mixed isolates enhanced the biodegradation process. There is no study of oxymatrine biodegradation so this study is the first of its kind in the region which can be used as a baseline study for incoming studies

scholarly journals Removal of Pollutants in Mine Wastewater by a Non-Cytotoxic Polymeric Bioflocculant from Alcaligenes faecalis HCB2

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 4001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsolanku Sidney Maliehe ◽  
Albertus Kotze Basson ◽  
Nkosinathi Goodman Dlamini
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Flocculation Activity ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Mass Proportion ◽  
Mine Wastewater ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Potential Use

Bioflocculation is a physicochemical technique often employed to efficiently remove colloidal water pollutants. Consequently, in this study, a bioflocculant was produced, characterised and applied to remove pollutants in mine wastewater. The maximum flocculation activity of 92% was recorded at 30 °C, pH 9.0 when maltose and urea were used as energy sources and 72 h of fermentation at the inoculum size of 1% (v/v). K+ proved to be a favourable cation. The bioflocculant yield of 4 g/L was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated a hexagonal-like structure of the bioflocculant. It is composed of carbohydrates and proteins in mass proportion of 88.6 and 9.5%, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed the presence of hydroxyl, amide and amino functional groups. More than 73% of the bioflocculant was obtained after exposure to 600 °C using the thermogravimetric analyser. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells exhibited 95% viability after being treated with 200 µg/µL of the bioflocculant. The flocculation mechanisms were proposed to be as a result of a double layer compression by K+, chemical reactions and bridging mechanism. The removal efficiencies of 59, 72, and 75% on biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and sulphur, were obtained respectively. Thus, the bioflocculant have potential use in wastewater treatment.

Pharmaceutical Removal from Synthetic Wastewater Using Heterogeneous - Photocatalyst

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee Mei Lee ◽  
Puganeshwary Palaniandy ◽  
Nastaein Qamaruz Zaman ◽  
Mohd Nordin Adlan
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Pharmaceutical Removal ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Very High

Compound Parabolic Collecting Reactor (CPCR) was designed and used for the heterogeneous-photocatalytic treatment process. Sunray was act as an economically and ecologically sensible light source. The photocatalytic degradation of paracetamol in the synthetic wastewater by using titanium dioxide (TiO2) was investigated. The experimental results show that the paracetamol removal rates were very high and nearly equal (97.2% to 99.7%) at pH 4-7 and TiO2 concentration of 0.5-1 g/L. This implies that the photocatalytic degradation rate of paracetamol is not affected by pH range in this study as the electrostatic interaction between the TiO2 and paracetamol is not able to be developed unless a wider range of pH is set. Furthermore, the concentration of TiO2 of 0.5 g/L is too high to treat the concentration of 10 mg/L of paracetamol. Further research is needed in order to identify the optimum pH condition and a suitable correlation of concentration between TiO2 and paracetamol. Finally, the results proved that the heterogeneous-photocatalyst treatment method which associated with the application of CPCR and solar energy is able to eliminate the paracetamol from the synthetic wastewater.

scholarly journals Assessment of the flocculating potentials of Alcaligenes faecalis Isolated from the Estuary of Sodwana Bay

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Ugbenyen ◽  
Thandakile A. Madonsela ◽  
John J. Simonis ◽  
Albertus K. Basson
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Flocculating Activity ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Time Courses

AbstractAlcaligenes faecaliswas previously isolated from Sodwana Bay, South Africa and was shown to be a bioflocculant producing microorganism. The bioflocculant production potential was further assessed through the optimization of the standardized culture media. The production of biofloculant as well as the flocculation was evaluated using different variables such as the size of inoculum, sources of carbon and nitrogen, time course and pH. Through optimizationA. faecalisshowed an improvement in the production of its bioflocculant and also flocculating activity for the following factors: flocculating activity of 71% for an inoculum size of 1%. The bioflocculant produced when maltose was used as source of carbon, showed flocculating activity of 91%, urea, as the most efficient nitrogen source, showed a flocculating activity of 97%, the optimum pH was 9. The time courses analysis between 60 and 72 hours showed the peak for flocculation and by implication highest level of bioflocculant production.

scholarly journals BIOAUGMENTATION OF ACRYLAMIDE-DEGRADING BACTERIA IN THE MICROBIOTA OF RIVER SLUDGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Maksimova ◽  
◽  
G. V. Ovechkina ◽  
A. Yu. Maksimov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Acinetobacter Guillouiae

Introduction. Bioaugmentation is an in situ bioremediation approach, which implies the introduction of a population of microorganisms with certain biodegrading abilities. Acrylamide is a biodegradable toxic substance. Our goal was to assess the survival of allochthonous bacterial cultures Alcaligenes faecalis 2 and Acinetobacter guillouiae 11h when introduced into river sludge and the efficiency of acrylamide decomposition by sludge with introduced amidase-containing bacteria. Methods. The microbiota of sludge from small rivers of Perm Territory was inoculated with the biomass of strains A. faecalis 2 and A. guillouiae 11h, which have amidase activity. In a laboratory experiment, we studied the survival of these bacteria as well as the biodegrading ability of the microbiota in relation to acrylamide after 3 and 6 months of incubation at 5 and 25°C. The transformation of acrylamide was assessed by HPLC, the biodiversity of river sludge was assessed by the method of metagenomic sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Results. Incubation of sludge at 25°C for 3–6 months deteriorates the biodegrading abilities of the microbiota in relation to acrylamide, and the transformation of this pollutant occurs only during the augmentation of the biomass of amidase-containing bacteria, with acinetobacteria having an advantage over bacteria of Alcaligenes sp. Upon incubation of sludge at 25°C, the phylogenetic diversity increases, and the proportion of representatives of the phyla Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Ignavibacteriae, Candidatus Saccharibacteria, Acidobacteria increases as well, while the phylum Proteobacteria accounts for most of the bacterial biota in all samples, and the phylum Firmicutes accounts for 10–30%. The presence of representatives of Alcaligenes sp. and Acinetobacter sp. was confirmed in the microbiota of bioaugmented sludge after 6 months of incubation at 25°C. When incubated at 5°C, the microbiota of native sludge is capable of degrading acrylamide, but at a rate several times lower than during bioaugmentation. After incubation of Danilikha River sludge with the introduced biomass of strains A. guillouiae 11h and A. faecalis 2 at 5°C for 6 months, the complete transformation of acrylamide was observed in 4 and 20 days, respectively, with native sludge — in 35 days.

THE APPLICATION OF A NUTRITIONAL GROUPING METHOD TO SOIL FUNGI

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Atkinson ◽  
J. B. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Soil Extracts

In tests with seven different liquid media in which the common nitrogen source was potassium nitrate and the carbohydrate substrate was glucose, at a concentration of only 0.1%, most of the 1914 soil fungi isolated fell into one of three nutritional groups requiring, respectively, for maximum growth amino acids, amino acids plus growth factors, or yeast extract. Relatively few isolates required growth factors alone or a combination of yeast and soil extracts. Most of the isolates grew poorly in the basal medium containing only mineral salts, and glucose, with or without soil extract. Although fungi requiring yeast extract were much less frequently isolated from soil on, rather than remote from, tubers grown in a soybean green-manured plot, isolates requiring amino acids, or yeast plus soil extracts, were correspondingly increased on immature and mature tubers, respectively. In a second plot, however, not specially treated, no differences were observed in the nutritional spectra of fungi isolated from the two kinds of soil environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document