Research on the Degradation of Herbicide-Quinclorac by Microorganism

2013 ◽  
Vol 739 ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Zhi Zheng ◽  
Wei Ai Zeng ◽  
Song Yi Zhao ◽  
Yan Ning Huang ◽  
Qing Ming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
16S Sequence ◽  
Degradation Effect

In order to study the degradation of herbicide----Quinclorac using microorganism, separate and screen the degrading bacteria CSUFTM62 from soil, this paper researched the degradation effect of bacterial strain on the Quinclorac under different situations, including different increments, different temperatures, different concentrations of pesticide, different pH, and different additive amount of nutrients. The results show that the optimal degradation temperature is 30 ° C; the optimum pH is 7; the degradation rate of Quinclorac reaches its maximum when the concentration is 50mg / L. Adding yeast extract could increase the amount of strain growth but never affect its degradation effects on Quinclorac; combined with the morphological characteristics, the strains CSUFTM62 is identified as the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by measuring the 16S sequence.

Isolation and Screening of Acetochlor-Degrading Strain and its Degradation Characteristics

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 318-323
Author(s):  
Wei Ai Zeng ◽  
Song Yi Zhao ◽  
He Li ◽  
Min Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Salt Medium ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Strain Number ◽  
16S Sequence

The acetochlor residue in the tobacco cultivated soils was inclined to affect the growth of tobacco. In this study, regarding the acetochlor as the inorganic salt medium with the sole carbon source, we obtain the acetochlor-degrading bacteria from the tobacco cultivated soil through isolation and screening, numbering as CSUFTM78. Under the view of the microscopy, the bacteria has a rod shape and no spore with the size of 0.8 ~ 1.5 × 0.4 ~ 0.6μm; in the medium, the colonies are opaque, white, round, convex with neat edge and moist and shiny surface. Then determine the concentration of acetochlor which was directly added into the liquid medium and the phote-absorbance of strain number using UV spectrophotometer. The results indicate that the strain CSUFTM78 can grow in the inorganic salt medium which regards quinclorac as the sole carbon source; besides, the degradation rate was up to 38%. By determining the 16S sequence of CSUFTM78 strain, the homology of GENBANK in BLAST reaches more than 99% with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (HQ185399). By constructing a phylogenetic tree, strain CSUFTM78 and S. maltophilia were integrated into one with the confidence of 100%. Combined with the morphological characteristics of strains, we identify the CSUFTM78 as S.maltophilia and the results can provide both strains and theoretical basis for degrading the acetochlor residual in tobacco cultivated soil using microorganism.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of aniline by Enterobacter ludwigii KH-5 isolated from the soil around Shiraz refinery, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-707 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Enterobacter Ludwigii ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
16S Rdna Gene Sequencing

<div> <p>Aniline is a harmful substance that pollutes the environment and seriously endangers human health. In the present study five different bacteria were enriched and isolated from the soil around Shiraz refinery (Iran) as aniline degrading bacteria. They were identified as <em>Enterobacter ludwigii </em>KH-5,<em> Raoultella planticola</em> KH-A2<em>, Alcaligenes faecalis</em> KH-A3<em>, Serratia marcescens</em> KH-A4 and<em> Microbacterium barkeri</em> KH-A1 based on 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The highest aniline degradation rate (96%) was observed by <em>E. ludwigii</em> KH-A5. This strain with the greatest amount of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was the most aniline resistant bacterium. The optimum pH and temperature that supported biodegradation of aniline by strain KH-A5 were 7.0 and 28-35 &deg;C, respectively. The maximum growth and biodegradation of aniline by KH-A5 were observed at the initial aniline concentration of 100 mg l<sup>-1</sup>. The strain could growth on aniline up to concentration of 700 mg l<sup>-1</sup> with the degradation rate of 11%. Further studies demonstrated that the addition of 0.5 g l<sup>-1</sup> glucose or potassium nitrate as a second carbon or nitrogen source could slightly enhance the biodegradation efficiency from 96.0% to 99.0%. However, even more addition of glucose or potassium nitrate could not further enhance the biodegradation process but delayed the biodegradation of aniline by the strain KH-A5. It could be concluded that these new strains, particularly<em> E. ludwigii</em> KH-A5, have a potential use for bioremediation of the site contaminated with aniline.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Biodegradation of Swainsonine by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strain YLZZ-2 and its Isolation and Identification

2010 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Xing Hua Zhao ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Jian Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Optimal Ph

Eight swainsonine (SW)-degrading bacteria were isolated from the soil where locoweed was buried for 6 months and one of the strains (YLZZ-2) was selected for further study. Based on morphology, physiologic tests, 16S rDNA sequence, and phylogenetic characteristics, the strain showed the greatest similarity to members of the order Stenotrophomonap and the closest to members of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia group. The ability of the strain to degrade SW, as sole carbon source, was investigated under different culture conditions. The preferential temperature and initial pH value for the strain were 25～35 °C and 6.0～9.0, respectively. The optimal temperature for the strain was 30 °C and the optimal pH value was 7.0. There was positive correlation between degradation rate and inoculation amount. The growth of stain YLZZ-2 and degradation rate were fast, and YLZZ-2 could completely degradate 400 mg/L swainsoine within 24 h. There was a linear relationship between the growth of stain YLZZ-2 and degradation of swainsonine. These results highlight the potential of this bacterium to be used in detoxifying of SW in livestock consuming locoweed.

scholarly journals Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by embedding immobilized crude oil degrading bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 2296-2303
Author(s):  
Pin Zhang ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Shitao Peng ◽  
Xiumei Tian ◽  
Zhaokun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Immobilized Bacteria ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Effect

Abstract In this study, the removal effect of free and immobilized bacteria on crude oil was determined. Sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol were used as embedding agent, and ramie was modified as an adsorbent to immobilize free bacteria. The conditions for preparing immobilized pellets were optimized using the response surface method, and the best combination was simulated and obtained by Design-Expert 8.0. The best degradation rate of immobilized bacteria was 75.52%. The degradation by free bacteria and immobilized bacteria showed that the selected microorganisms had a good degradation effect on petroleum hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Research on Degradation Characteristics of Nonylphenol in Water by Highly Effective Complex Microorganisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 04016
Author(s):  
Juan Ma ◽  
Fang-yan Chen ◽  
Yu-bin Tang ◽  
Xin-gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Aiming at effectively controlling nonylphenol (NP) pollution, three bacterial strains were isolated from activated sludge and landfill leachate, which could grow with nonylphenol as sole carbon and energy source. The three nonylphenol-degrading bacteria isolated were named as WN6, SLY9 and SLY10, respectively. The morphological observation and 16S rDNA identification revealed that the strains belonged to Serratia sp., Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas putida, respectively. WN6 and SLY9 contained ALK gene, while WN6 and SLY10 harbored C12O genes. The three strains were combined together to form complex microorganisms ZJF. The ratio of Serratia sp. to Klebsiella sp. to Pseudomonas putida was 2:1:2 (volume ratio of bacterial suspension). Under the conditions that temperature was 30 ℃, pH was 6, inoculation amount was 10% (volume ratio), initial concentration of NP solutions was 20 mg/L, NP degradation rate by ZJF reached 73.82%, compared with any single strain of the three bacteria, NP degradation rate by ZJF increased more than 15% during 6 days. Bioremediation of nonylphenol-polluted the Yangtze River and the Ancient Canal water by ZJF ware simulated. After a 6-day incubation period, the degrading rate of nonylphenol in Ancient Canal water was close to 80%, and the degrading rate of nonylphenol in Yangtze River water was 72.84%.

scholarly journals Dynamics of λ-cyhalothrin disappearance and expression of selected P450 genes in bees depending on the ambient temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1251-1258
Author(s):  
Bartosz Piechowicz ◽  
Marika Kobielska ◽  
Anna Koziorowska ◽  
Magdalena Podbielska ◽  
Ewa Szpyrka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Product ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Genes ◽  
Qpcr Method ◽  
Different Temperatures

Abstract Temperature has a significant influence on the action of pyrethroids, and their effect increases with decreasing ambient temperature. Using gas chromatography, we assessed the degradation rate of λ-cyhalothrin, active ingredients (AI) of Karate Zeon 050 CS from pyrethroid group, in bees incubated for 48 h under different temperature conditions. With RT-qPCR method, we studied expression levels of selected cytochrome P450 genes after exposure to the plant protection product (PPP). The half-life of λ-cyhalothrin decreased from 43.32 to 17.33 h in the temperature range of 21–31°C. In animals incubated at 16°C, the AI half-life was even shorter and amounted to 10.19 h. The increase in temperature increased the expression of Cyp9Q1, Cyp9Q2, and Cyp9Q3 in the group of control bees. We showed a two-fold statistically significant increase in gene expression after treatment with PPP bees. The obtained results indicate that honey bees are characterized by susceptibility to pyrethroids that vary depending on the ambient temperature. This may be due to the different expressions of genes responsible for the detoxification of these PPPs at different temperatures.

Synthesis and Thermal Properties of a Boron-Containing Bisphenol-S Formaldehyde Resin

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2905-2908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Gang Gao ◽  
Wei Hong Wu ◽  
Xing Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Coordinate Structure ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Degradation Temperature

Boron-containing bisphenol-S formaldehyde resin (BBPSFR) was synthesized by formalin method. The structure and thermal properties of BBPSFR were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, torsional braid analysis (TBA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The results showed that the borate had formed, and the six-member ring containing boron-oxygen coordinate structure also formed during the curing process. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of BBPSFR is higher 104°C than that of bisphenol-S formaldehyde resins (BPSFR); the initial degradation temperature (Ti ) increases about 43°C; thermal degradation rate decrease and thermal stability increase significantly.

scholarly journals Preparation of RGO/TiO2/Ag Aerogel and Its Photodegradation Performance in Gas Phase Formaldehyde

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiwang Wang ◽  
Guanqi Wang ◽  
Yukai Zhang ◽  
Yuan Ma ◽  
Zhengjie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Formaldehyde Solution ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Photocatalytic Effect ◽  
Utilization Ratio ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Degradation Effect

Abstract To increase the utilization ratio and catalytic efficiency of the nano TiO2, The RGO/TiO2/(Ag) powders and RGO/TiO2/Ag aerogel photocatalyst were designed and prepared. The composition and microstructure of RGO/TiO2/(Ag) powders and RGO/TiO2/Ag aerogel were studied, in addition, the photocatalytic activity of RGO/TiO2/(Ag) powders and RGO/TiO2/Ag aerogel was researched by the photocatalytic degradation behavior of formaldehyde solution and formaldehyde gas respectively. The result indicate that TiO2 is uniformly loaded on the surface of RGO with a particle size of 10 nm to 20 nm. When the amount of graphene oxide added is 1 wt%, RGO/TiO2 powder has the highest degradation effect on formaldehyde solution, in addition, the introduction of Ag can greatly improve the photocatalytic effect of the sample. The results also show that the pore size of RGO/TiO2/Ag aerogel is between 7.6 nm and 12.1 nm, and the degradation rate of formaldehyde gas is 77.08% within 2 hours.

Temperature–pH effect upon germination of bacterial spores

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzaburo Ishida ◽  
Takashi Ishido ◽  
Hajime Kadota
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Different Temperatures

Using several kinds of criteria for the germination of bacterial spores, germination–pH curves were drawn for Bacillus subtilis spores observed at different temperatures. The experiments revealed that optimum pH for spore germination was markedly changed by changing the incubation temperature; the optimum pH for germination was 7.4 at 37 °C and 5.4 at 10 °C. A possible mechanism involved in this phenomenon is discussed.

Three new earthworm species of the tokioensis-group in the genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Guangxi Province, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4496 (1) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
JI-BAO JIANG ◽  
YAN DONG ◽  
ZHU YUAN ◽  
JIANG-PING QIU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Guangxi Province ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
16S Sequence

Three new species of the genus Amynthas are described from Guangxi Province, China. They are named A. dissimilis sp. nov., A. anteporus sp. nov. and A. marsupiformis sp. nov. All of them have two pairs of spermathecal pores in 6/7–7/8, and belong to the tokioensis-group. Their morphological characteristics are compared to similar species in tokioensis-group from China and other Asian countries. In addition, the mitochondrial COI and 12S-tRNA-Val-16S sequence of three new species were determined, then pairwise distances between species were calculated. Both morphological and molecular evidences could easily distinguish the new species from earthworms previously reported in the tokioensis-group. 

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