scholarly journals Russian pro-imperial footprint in Ukrainian place names

2015 ◽  
pp. 180-192
Author(s):  
Halyna Labinska
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Place Names ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Changes in Ukrainian society due to the active influence of political factors and objective changes actualize toponymic analysis of geographical names of Ukraine. In April 2015 Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law “On conviction of Communist and National Socialist (Nazi) totalitarian regimes in Ukraine and promote their prohibition symbols”. This law significantly stimulated the local authorities of regions, towns and villages rename those objects of place names, which are of Soviet and imperial names within six months since the date of entry into force of the law. Nowadays there are about 1,000 Soviet names of settlements in Ukraine. The greatest number of them preserved in Kharkiv (112) and Dnipropetrovsk (89) regions, but they are completely absent in Transcarpathia, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Rivne regions. In the section of administrative districts of Ukraine, the largest number of Soviet place names happen in Krynychky and Piatykhatky districts of Dnipropetrovsk region (12) and Snihurivka district of Mykolaiv region (11). Manipulations of organising of public debates and public voting on possible options on changes of names on the places (in Dnipropetrovsk, Illichivsk, Kirovograd, Shchors) prove the significant inertia of colonial attitudes sentiment in Eastern Ukraine. One of the ways of these manipulations levelling is the toponymic policy implemented in the country, which is led by the Institute of National Remembrance. In the process of the renaming of oikonyms primarily and ahoronyms, hodonyms, urbanonyms subsequently, researchers recommend focusing mainly on historical roots. Therefore, they criticise the Russian imperial historical myths created in Muscovy in the XVI century that were based on the appropriation of the history of Kyivan Rus and Ukrainian historical name “Rus”. Bringing this information to a wide range of Ukrainians has extremely important educational and educative value. Key words: ahoronyms, hodonyms, oikonyms, place names, urbanonyms, historical myths, decommunization, decolonization, Country Moksel, Muscovy, Russian Empire

Place Names as an Historical Source: An Introduction with Examples from Southern Senegambia and Germany

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 45-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bühnen
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Written Sources

Written sources for the history of sub-Saharan Africa (with the exception of East Africa) only begin to appear with the inception of Arabic records from the ninth century onwards, and these are restricted to the Sahel and the northern part of the savanna belt. European sources begin in the mid-fifteenth century, first for Senegambia. They, in turn, confine themselves to the coast and its immediate hinterland, as well as the navigable courses of rivers, with few, and often vague, references to the interior. For the time before the early written sources and for those extensive areas which only much later entered the horizon of writing witnesses, other sources illuminating the past have to be traced and tapped. Among such non-written sources are the findings of anthropology and archeology, of research in oral tradition and place names. Because of their interdependence, working with different source types contributes to the reliability of results.So far little systematic use has been made of place names as a source for African history. Houis' 1958 dictum, “la toponymie ouest-africaine n'est pas encore sortie de l'oeuf,” has not yet been proven obsolete. In this paper I hope to stimulate the process of shedding the egg shells. It is intended as a short introduction to the potential historical treasures place names may yield, into their characteristics, and into some principles guiding their interpretation. With the aim at illustrating my arguments, I add examples of place names. These I have chosen from two areas which, at first sight, seem to have been selected rather randomly; southern Senegambia and Germany. In fact both areas share few features, both geographically and historically. Two reasons have led me to select them. First, they simply are the regions I know best. Secondly, the recourse to German place names is instructive, as research on place names has been undertaken there for more than a century, leading to a wide range of data and to the accumulation of rich research experience.

scholarly journals The Revolution of 1905 in Częstochowa – based on the memories of Bronisława Zejden

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-224
Author(s):  
Karolina Studnicka-Mariańczyk ◽  
Bartłomiej Frukacz
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Revolution

The revolution of 1905 eludes simplistic and schematic interpretations. The event engulfed the Russian Empire and it spread to the territory of the Kingdom of Poland. The revolution had a complex background, but the rising discontent of the working classes and peasants played a crucial role. Political factors and opposition against Russian absolutism were equally pivotal. In the Kingdom of Poland, left-wing revolutionary forces’ attempts to regain national independence and sovereignty strongly contributed to the insurgency. The most significant acts of rebellion took place in the major Russian cities and the Vistula Country that had been incorporated into Imperial Russia. The key metropolitan areas at the beginning of the 20th century were St. Petersburg, Warsaw, Riga, Łódź as well as Częstochowa. The revolution of 1905 attracts considerable interest and stirs much controversy among contemporary historians. The events surrounding the revolution have been well documented by the existing research into worker movements and the history of political parties. However, not all sources have been identified and published, which creates new opportunities for expanding the existing knowledge. One of such undiscovered sources is a short diary of Bronisława Barc (née Zejden) who participated in the strikes in Częstochowa.

Martin Heidegger: Middle Works

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Being And Time ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dominant Ideologies ◽  
History Of

Martin Heidegger (b. 1889–d. 1976) is a central figure in 20th-century philosophy. Especially in his early works, most notably Being and Time (1927), Heidegger critically continues the tradition of phenomenology inaugurated by Edmund Husserl (b. 1859–d. 1938). Heidegger’s philosophy has been a major influence on a number of important philosophers in their own right, including Hans-Georg Gadamer (b. 1900–d. 2002), Maurice Merleau-Ponty (b. 1908–d. 1961), Hannah Arendt (b. 1906–d. 1975), Paul Ricoeur (b. 1913–d. 2005), Michel Foucault (b. 1926–d. 1984), Jacques Derrida (b. 1930–d. 2004), and Richard Rorty (b. 1931–d. 2007). His work has also impacted other disciplines, such as theology, literary and cultural studies, art theory, and the theory of architecture. Heidegger is primarily known for his work in metaphysics and existential philosophy, but he has also made much-discussed contributions to a wide range of philosophical topics, including the study of numerous authors from the history of philosophy. The German edition of his collected works (Gesamtausgabe, or GA) includes published writings, lecture courses, seminars, and manuscripts. Once completed, it will include 102 volumes. To manage this rich material, Heidegger’s philosophy is often divided into different periods. Although how to demarcate these periods is itself a matter of scholarly debate, Oxford Bibliographies divides his work into an early, middle, and later period. This entry treats the middle period of his thought (roughly 1933–1945). It coincides with the rise to power of the German National Socialist Party, in which Heidegger was involved as rector of the University of Freiburg, the Second World War, and the Holocaust. Although Heidegger rarely addresses these events directly, this period in particular should not be considered without taking into account these events and the dominant ideologies of the time. Heidegger’s major concerns during this period are with the experience of art, the philosophy of history, and the history of Western philosophy in particular. Heidegger gives a few important lectures and lecture series during this time that were later edited. These should be the starting point for any reading. The major body of his writing during this period, however, consists of manuscripts, notes, and course materials, which are more difficult to assess. In using this bibliography, be sure to also check the entries on the early and later period of Heidegger’s works. Although the focus of Heidegger’s philosophical concern shifts, many themes continue to be relevant throughout his works. Often, scholars writing on Heidegger take into account his development as whole, and relevant literature may be treated in another entry. This bibliography aims to be inclusive with regard to schools of thought and interpretations of Heidegger. It is not exhaustive but rather an attempt to identify useful starting points for individual study within the more recent literature on Heidegger.

Development of accounting of the population of the Russian Empire (XVIII-XIX centuries)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Наталья Борщик ◽  
Natal'ya Borschik ◽  
Артем Пархоменко ◽  
Artem Parhomenko
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Policy ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
State Registration ◽  
Regional Authorities

The monograph covers a wide range of issues related to the study of the mechanism of state registration of subjects of the Russian Empire. The causes of the transition to the poll tax form residents of the country in the early eighteenth century, traced the evolution of the census office, its complication and improvement. The audits were supplemented by numerous population surveys conducted at the initiative of individual ministries and departments, regional authorities, local governments, were associated with the beginning of registration of natural population movement by the Russian Orthodox Church, etc. The role of demographic information in the formation of the main directions of the internal policy of the state is shown. It is addressed to all readers interested in the demographic history of our country.

Piotrowski-Altmann law: State of the art

Glottotheory ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Stachowski
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Slow Fashion

AbstractThe term Piotrowski-Altmann law refers to a wide range of linguistic phenomena which proceed in the “slow-fast-slow” fashion, i.e. drawing a sigmoid on a graph. They include the replacement of an old morphological form with a new one, lexical borrowing between languages, the growth of a child’s vocabulary, and many others. The paper briefly discusses the history of the law, its current variants and their applications, and lastly science theoretical problems connected with it. It concludes that our law is in fact a group of psycho- and sociological models, whose application to linguistics requires further deliberation.

Chinese emigration to Russia from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (01) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Cheng Hong ◽  
Wang Xu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the key problems of the history of Chinese emigration to Russia from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. It is shown, that, for a number of reasons, the Russian Empire became one of the important channels of emigration from the late Qing Empire. The conclusion is substantiated, that, in the presence of political migrants, for example, from among the Dungan rebels, the main reason for attracting a large number of Chinese to Russia was purely economic, not political factors.

scholarly journals The Sexual Policies and Sexual Realities of the German Occupiers in Poland in the Second World War

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAREN RÖGER
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Gender History ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sexual Contacts ◽  
Second World

AbstractSexual policies were a core component of the National Socialist racial policies, both in the Altreich (territories considered part of Nazi Germany before 1938), as well as in the occupied territories. In occupied Poland the Germans imposed a ‘prohibition of contact’ (Umgangsverbot) with the local Polish population, a restriction that covered both social as well as sexual encounters. But this model of absolute racial segregation was never truly implemented. This paper attempts to show that there existed a wide range of sexual contacts between the occupiers and the local inhabitants, with the focus here being on consensual and forced contacts (sexual violence) as seen against the backdrop of National Socialist policies. This article positions itself at the intersection of the history of everyday life (Alltagsgeschichte), the history of sexuality and the gender history of the German occupation of Poland – perspectives that have rarely been used with regard to this region.

War Guilt in the History of Thucydides

Traditio ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Peter J. Fliess
Keyword(s):  
Just War ◽  
Initial Attack ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law

The fact that the question of war guilt has frequently followed in the wake of major wars has contributed little, if anything, to a clarification of the concept. The perplexing difficulties raised by it are amply illustrated by the unsuccessful attempts, made periodically at various ages and on various levels of civilization, to arrive at criteria permitting a differentiation between the bellum justum and the bellum injustum. States, unlike individuals, are not confronted with simple choices between obeying or violating the law. Determination of the initial violation of existing covenants sheds little, if any, light on the responsibility for commencing war. Nor is such responsibility necessarily incurred by launching the first attack. Nothing could be more futile than to equate this act with aggressive and unjust war. The initial attack may be a legitimate response to an existing situation, and a war of aggression, as St. Augustine already pointed out, a just war; nor is there any reason to assume that the party forced into the defensive is invariably innocent. If war guilt is to be more than a specious pretense for inflicting punishment upon the vanquished, it can be measured only in terms of the alternatives available to a state, and the choice has to be viewed in the light of historical, ethical, and political factors. The assessment of such guilt is a problem of extraordinary complexity. To confine it to formal legal considerations would result not only in gross injustice, but would tend to perpetuate international tensions.

scholarly journals To the history of the formation of the Iranian collections in the Russian Ethnographic Museum fund

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
L. S. Gushchian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Status ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

The mechanisms of formation of the Iranian funds of the Russian Ethnographic Museum are analyzed in the article. The series of collections acquired at the beginning of the 20th century for this collection, indicates the relevant interest towards the multi-ethnic culture of Iran, in which female images, with an outstandingly exotic character for Europeans, have a special place. The accompanying archival materials of the collections, in particular, the correspondence between expeditionist-collector S.  Ter-Avetisyan, a student of the Imperial St. Petersburg university, and the curator of the museum K. Inostrantsev, demonstrate, on the one hand, the wide range of research programs of the orientalist s tudents at the beginning of the last century, and on the other, a researcher’s high status in the Russian Empire

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