scholarly journals Nomen “shchur” as the Ukrainian name of mammals from the genus Arvicola: historical and etymological survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-32
Author(s):  
I. Zagorodniuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Water Vole ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Arvicola Amphibius ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
History Of Use

The ancient Ukrainian zoonym “shchur”, which has long been used for various animals, but most often for large burrowing rodents represented in the aboriginal fauna of Ukraine by the genus Arvicola, is considered. At the same time, this name is also used as a synonym for the word “krysa” (= rat), and in this sense is often identified with the genus Rattus (“patsiuk” = rat) to denote various large rodents from distant lands following a principle “ the small = mice, the large = rats”. Therefore, the name “shchur” is often considered ambiguous and thus worth either forgetting or using only for the alien species. Etymological hypotheses are considered, of which the most relevant to zoological specifics is the one that explains the connection with burrows, ground, and night. This set of features determines the general ecomorphological type: large long-tailed underground mouse-like rodents with expressed nocturnal activity, which appearance in human economies is undesirable. The history of use of the name “shchur” in the special literature, mainly in zoological reviews and other zoological studies, in the period from 1874 to 2020 is analysed. The widespread use of the nomen to denote different groups of animals, and especially rodents of the ecomorphological type “large mice”, which are representatives of the genera Arvicola and Rattus, is shown. Analysis of old sources showed that the name “shchur” was originally used as a common “generic” name for all species as well as some intraspecific forms of both genera, with the definition of semantic differences in the species modifier: water, common, ground, nomadic, basement, black, ship, mill, and so on “shchur”. Unambiguous fixation of Ukrai­nian generic names as equivalents to scientific generic names required the typification of all names, which took place in the Ukrainian scientific nomenclature in the late XIX and early XX centuries. As a result, the name “rat” is proposed to be assigned to the genus Arvicola, and for the genus Rattus to be recorded as the Ukrainian equivalent of the nomen “patsiuk” (“rat”). Arguments are presented to recognise the antiquity of the zoonym “shchur” and therefore to recognise its importance for the designation of aboriginal rodent species, and especially of “water shchur” (water vole, Arvicola amphibius) voles of the genus Arvicola in general. The practice of traditional naming of laboratory rats as “shchur”, as well as the use of the name “shchur” with appropriate definitions to refer to other genera, inclu­ding muskrats (“musk shchur” or  “musk rat”), nutria (“marsh shchur” or “marsh rat”) and various representatives of distant faunas (bamboo or spiny tree-rats, etc.) in the Ukrainian zoonymics should be abolished.

DIARY DISCOURSE AS A NARRATIVIZATION OF A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE OF O. GONCHAR

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
S. M. Mostova
Keyword(s):  
Psychological State ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Diary Writing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Activity Form ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Communicative Activity

The article deals with the linguistic study of discourse which is based on the material of «Dia- ries» by O. Gonchar. In the focus of this research, diary entries are established as the projection and reflection of the linguistic personality of the writer. The process of keeping a diary is considered as the communicative value of text writing. Therefore, the entries reflect the results and characteristics of Gonchar’s communicative activity. The reflection of the word appears as a writer’s artistic work that absorbs the philosophy of his time, his aspiration and cultural experience. Moreover, the linguistic reading of the diary discourse reveals the axiсological perception of the reality, verbalized in the word. As noted by I. Sirko, in the Ukrainian linguistic culture only in the second half of the 20th century – at the beginning of the XXI century dia- ries became a form of personal expression. Due to the philological achievements, it is known that diary and diary activity form the discourse. If to quote the definition of discourse by N. Arutyunova, then discourse is a text immersed in life. Ac- cording to Y. Stepanov, the phenomenon of discourse is the proof of the thesis «Language is the home of the spirit» and, to some extent, the thesis «Language is the home of being». So keeping a diary is a kind of communicative activity. The concept of the diary accurately reflects the specifics of its keeping – a kind of activity that is implemented every day. Linguistic study of the diary’s discourse involves a variety of approaches, including 1) modeling of diary activity, 2) the selection of typical cases of diary writing and the main tendencies characterizing diary texts; 3) description and characterization of diary texts in the unity of language, psycholinguistic, cultural, extra-linguistic circumstances, which influenced the subject and led to creativity. In the diary discourse, we can trace the activities of the author in the role of «figure», the role of «chronicler», the role of «carrier of the psychological state», the role of «the one who writes». This is due to the wide possibilities of the diary. Naturally, in each case, these roles are individual. For example, O. Gonchar realizes himself in several different roles, which is reflected in the numerous entries. He includes all the information, such as drafts of letters, scenes of works, heard jokes or stories, interesting facts, personal or other observations, thoughts which the author consid- ered to be deserving for certain reasons to save. O. Gonchar is endowed with a degree of freedom in his communicative activity. He is free not only in the choice of lexical and syntactical means but also in the choice of topics (events) for a diary entry, as well as in measures of detail, describing a particular event. Thus, a diary is the prism of the vision of the writer’s world, the history of his experience and the formation of the author as a person. In addition, it is important to notice that the records often cover the entire life of the author, which allows us to trace the evolution of the linguistic personality, reconstruct the content of its worldview. In this way, diaries provide informational and communicative values, appear as a projection of the linguistic personality of the writer and reflection of the author’s language.

scholarly journals The colonization history of British water vole ( Arvicola amphibius (Linnaeus, 1758)): origins and development of the Celtic fringe

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1829) ◽  
pp. 20160130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Brace ◽  
Mark Ruddy ◽  
Rebecca Miller ◽  
Danielle C. Schreve ◽  
John R. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Population History ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Water Vole ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Colonization History ◽  
Arvicola Amphibius ◽  
History Of ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Future Management

The terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene, a period from 15 000 to 18 000 Before Present (BP), was critical in establishing the current Holarctic fauna, with temperate-climate species largely replacing cold-adapted ones at mid-latitudes. However, the timing and nature of this process remain unclear for many taxa, a point that impacts on current and future management strategies. Here, we use an ancient DNA dataset to test more directly postglacial histories of the water vole ( Arvicola amphibius , formerly A . terrestris ), a species that is both a conservation priority and a pest in different parts of its range. We specifically examine colonization of Britain, where a complex genetic structure can be observed today. Although we focus on population history at the limits of the species' range, the inclusion of additional European samples allows insights into European postglacial colonization events and provides a molecular perspective on water vole taxonomy.

The Age of the Sign: New Light on the Role of the Fourteenth Century in the History of Semiotics

Dialogue ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludger Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
History Of ◽  
Getting Lost ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Semiotics, the age-old investigation of signs, is still striving for acknowledgement as a scientific (and academic) discipline. Though the ‘linguistic turn’ in the philosophical disciplines seemed to be followed by a ‘semiotic turn’ in many sciences during the 1970s, efforts were not crowned by great success. When seen from a certain distance, a definition of semiotics as a discipline can only be obtained from its history. Research into the sources of the human pre-occupation with signs, and with concepts or conceptions of signs, is really desirable and even necessary when a field of considerable scientific interest at the brink of being awarded the rank of a discipline runs the risk of getting lost between the unificationism of the Morris-type and the elegance of pseudo-mathematical empty classificationism (such as demonstrated in the late Max Bense's Stuttgart School) on the one side, and profitable exploitation of the sign's popularized design qualities on the other.

scholarly journals Dynamics in language

Diacronia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Dragoș Biro
Keyword(s):  
Language Evolution ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Community Members ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Language is subjected to a double definition process: by the static reality characteristic of the system, due to inertia to change, and by its permanent character regarding the language acts producing, through speaking. Because it is under the pressure of concrete communicative needs, a language is subjected to a continuous dynamics assuring the language progress or regress, both aspects, together with neutral modifications, actually meaning, in the Darwinist perspective, the language evolution. The article, thus, comes with a necessary conceptual delimitation between the language evolution and progress, on the one hand, but also between causes which determine the evolution and the evolution in itself, as a process. Linguistics has faced radically different approaches on its topic of study, natural human language; the perspectives on language differ from the relationships network which make the elements creating one language or another to get the quality of systems, to a product of man’s will and freedom, because the language cannot be separated from the speakers’ freedom, or to the attention paid to meanings, these being always socially constituted, based on the interactions between a community members. In such a diversity where divergence dominates convergence, this article intends, in subsidiary, to fix, from an diachronic perspective, the definition of linguistics as being, in fact, the history of evolutions the language has met since its beginnings.

scholarly journals Synthesizing Normal and Non-Normal Modal Logics in Philosophical Epistemology Axiomatic System Modeled by the Logic Square and Hexagon of Opposition

2019 ◽  
pp. 894-907
Author(s):  
Vladimir O. Lobovikov
Keyword(s):  
Axiom System ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Modal Logics ◽  
Axiomatic System ◽  
Border Line ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Axiomatic Systems ◽  
Normal Modal Logics

The paper aims at coping with the difficult problem of rationally uniting astonishingly huge amount of qualitatively different modal logics. For realizing this aim artificial languages of symbolic logic and the axiomatic methodology are used. Therefore, the method of constructing and studying formal logic inferences within the axiom system under investigation is exploited systematically. Inventing and elaborating a hitherto not-considered axiomatic system of epistemology uniting normal and not-normal modal logics is the new nontrivial scientific result of this work. History of philosophy and systematical philosophy, formal ethics and formal aesthetics, philosophical epistemology and analytical theology, philosophy of law and philosophy of science are among the important fields of application of the nontrivial abstract-theoretic principles demonstrated in this paper. Using the above-indicated machinery the author has arrived to the following main conclusion: the famous philosophical principles of utilitarianism, hedonism, optimism, pragmatism, fideism, falsifiability, verifiability, “Hume’s Guillotine”, “naturalistic fallacies” et al have not absolutely indefinite (unlimited) but quite definite (limited) sphere of relevant applicability; the precise formal definition of the border-line of mentioned sphere of relevance is the axiomatic one submitted and discussed in the paper. This general conclusion is instantiated in the text by several particular conclusions concerning explication and clarification of specific philosophical ideas and principles, for example, the one of kalokagathia. The author concludes that constructing and investigating the axiomatic systems of universal philosophical epistemology is indispensable for adequate representing human knowledge in artificial intellectual systems, for instance, in autonomous AI‑robots

15. Mergers

2019 ◽  
pp. 1058-1185
Author(s):  
Alison Jones ◽  
Brenda Sufrin ◽  
Niamh Dunne
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Merger Control ◽  
Horizontal Mergers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Stop ◽  
International Issues ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter discusses the regime for controlling mergers which have an ‘EU dimension’ under the European Union Merger Regulation (EUMR). The chapter examines: the purposes of merger control; the history of the EUMR; the scheme of the EUMR and the concept of the ‘one-stop shop’; jurisdiction under the EUMR, including the definition of a ‘concentration’ and what amounts to an ‘EU dimension’; procedure, including Phase I and Phase II proceedings; the substantive appraisal of horizontal, and non-horizontal mergers under the EUMR and the test of significantly impeding effective competition (SIEC); EUMR statistics; appeals; and international issues.

Merleau-Ponty and Nature

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Barbaras
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Perception ◽  
Natural Event ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Temporal Localization

AbstractThe course on nature coincides with the re-working of Merleau-Ponty's breakthrough towards an ontology and therefore plays a primordial role. The appearance of an interrogation of nature is inscribed in the movement of thought that comes after the Phenomenology of Perception. What is at issue is to show that the ontological mode of the perceived object - not the unity of a positive sense but the unity of a style that shows through in filigree in the sensible aspects - has a universal meaning, that the description of the perceived world can give way to a philosophy of perception and therefore to a theory of truth. The analysis of linguistic expression to which the philosophy of perception leads opens out onto a definition of meaning as institution, understood as what inaugurates an open series of expressive appropriations. It is this theory of institution that turns the analysis of the perceived in the direction of a reflection on nature: the perceived is no longer the originary in its difference from the derived but the natural in its difference from the instituted. Nature is the "non-constructed, non-instituted," and thereby, the source of expression: "nature is what has a sense without this sense having been posited by thought." The first part of the course, which consists in a historical overview, must not be considered as a mere introduction. In fact, the problem of nature is brought out into the open by means of the history of Western metaphysics, in which Descartes is the emblematic figure. The problem consists in the duality - at once unsatisfactory and unsurpassable - between two approaches to nature: the one which accentuates its determinability and therefore its transparency to the understanding; the other which emphasizes the irreducible facticity of nature and tends therefore to valorize the view-point of the senses. To conceive nature is to constitute a concept of it that allows us to "take possession" of this duality, that is, to found the duality. The second part of the course attempts to develop this concept of nature by drawing upon the results of contemporary science. Thus a philosophy of nature is sketched that can be summarized in four propositions: 1) the totality is no less real than the parts; 2) there is a reality of the negative and therefore no alternative between being and nothingmess; 3) a natural event is not assigned to a unique spatio-temporal localization; and 4) there is generality only as generativity.

Broadening perspectives on regional quarry-related studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 019769312098054
Author(s):  
R Michael Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Landscape Approach ◽  
Technological Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Any productive or technological activity takes place in a social context and is embedded in a history of native practices, perceptions, and use of multiple landscapes. This paper explores topics that supplement and build upon technological and cultural historical approaches to quarry research. Briefly considered are: quarries as common ground and loci of group interaction; a taskscape/landscape approach to quarry selection and history of use; color and the selection of toolstone; and the relationship between settlement patterns, landscape learning, lithic preferences, quarry selection, social memory, and changing lithic technologies.

scholarly journals Legal Regulation of the Emerald Network: National and Global Aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Bevz
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to the definition of the legal nature of the Emerald network, as well as to the issues of the formation of the Emerald Network in the context of Ukraine's international obligations. In particular, the history of the appearance of the term “Emerald Network” in international acts, the criteria and the procedure for designating territories of the Emerald Network is investigated. In addition, the article deals with the problems connected with the legal provision of the formation of the Emerald Network in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the adoption of the relevant legislation is foreseen by the international obligations of Ukraine as a Member State of Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats and Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. The provisions of the draft Law of Ukraine "On the Territories of the Emerald Network” are analyzed.

scholarly journals Изобретая Лозанну: праздник Мира как способ конструкции харизмы власти в традиционном обществе

Islamology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Varuzhan Geghamyan
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Invented Traditions ◽  
The One ◽  
Visual Materials

The role of the charismatic power and charismatic leadership increases during the authoritarian modernization of traditional society. Authoritites use different methods to construct and fabricate their images of charismatic leadership. During the one-party period in Early Turkish Republic the leader of the state exalted his personality through the transmission of his images, translating it into political cult. Common ground for this process was national holidays. Examining these ceremonies and rituals as invented traditions we look at the fabrication of the cult. Through these events collective historical memory and identity were formed and citizens imagined New Turkey and Turkish power. Using the example of Lozan Day Holiday as an illustration of construction of charismatic leadership in traditional societies, this paper demonstrates the history of representations of power in authoritarian regimes. Large range of textual and visual materials (archival documents, memories, newspapers and journals) are examined.

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