Comparative trials of the test-plates for calculation of QMA&OAMO in poultry products

On the basis of updated data, the influence of working conditions on the nosological structure of professional morbidity of workers in the basic branches of animal husbandry of the Russian Federation is analyzed. In total, from 2011 to 2017, occupational diseases were detected in 823 livestock workers, who received 881 diagnoses, of which the share of cattle breeders, poultry breeders and pig breeders accounted for 95,0, 3,4 and 1,6 % of cases, respectively. Harmful labor factors that cause the formation of professional pathology in livestock breeders were: physical overload (64,6 %), industrial contact with cattle infected with Brucella abortus bovis (32,6 %) and the presence of dust in the work area containing toxic chemicals and aggressive biological mixes (2,3 %). A high etiopathogenetic relationship between the nosological form of the disease and working conditions in the profession was revealed. In livestock workers, occupational diseases were formed under the influence of physical overloads (64,6 %) and infection with the brucellosis pathogen (34,6 %); in pig farming, as a result of the severity of labor (84.5 %) and air pollution of the working area with dust, chemical toxicants and biologically active substances (7,7 %); in poultry farming, occupational health risk was associated with allergization of working with poultry products (50 %) and physical overloads (42,9 %). In the nosological spectrum of accumulated occupational diseases of livestock workers, the first rank places were occupied by residual brucellosis (32,6 %), radiculopathy of the cervical and lumbo-sacral levels (25,8 %), mono- and polyneuropathy (25,2 %), arthrosis and polyarthrosis (8,2 %), shoulder and shoulder periarthrosis (5,4 %). In poultry workers ¾ respiratory diseases: allergic bronchial asthma (39,3 %), allergic rhinopharyngitis (10,7 %) and cervical and lumbo-sacral radiculopathy (21,4 %). Pig workers were mainly diagnosed with cervical and lumbo-sacral radiculopathy (46,2 %), mono- and polyneuropathy (23,1 %), shoulder periarthrosis (15.4 %).

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The Federal Circuit and the D.C. Circuit: Comparative Trials of Two Semi-Specialized Courts

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1600284 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

John M. Golden

Keyword(s):

Specialized Courts ◽

Federal Circuit ◽

Comparative Trials

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Is Treat-to-target in Lupus Nephritis Realistic in Clinical Practice?

Current Rheumatology Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573397114666180406100857 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 2-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chi Chiu Mok

Keyword(s):

Lupus Nephritis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Safety Concern ◽

Real Life ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Treat To Target ◽

Low Disease Activity ◽

Activity State ◽

Definition Of ◽

Comparative Trials

The Treat-to-Target (T2T) principle has been advocated in a number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory medical illnesses. Tight control of disease activity has been shown to improve the outcome of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis as compared to the conventional approach. However, whether T2T can be applied to patients with lupus nephritis is still under emerging discussion. Treatment of lupus nephritis should target at inducing and maintaining remission of the kidney inflammation so as to preserve renal function and improve survival in the longterm. However, there is no universal agreement on the definition of remission or low disease activity state of nephritis, as well as the time points for switching of therapies. Moreover, despite the availability of objective parameters for monitoring such as proteinuria and urinary sediments, differentiation between ongoing activity and damage in some patients with persistent urinary abnormalities remains difficult without a renal biopsy. A large number of serum and urinary biomarkers have been tested in lupus nephritis but none of them have been validated for routine clinical use. In real life practice, therapeutic options for lupus nephritis are limited. As patients with lupus nephritis are more prone to infective complications, tight disease control with aggressive immunosuppressive therapies may have safety concern. Not until the feasibility, efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of T2T in lupus nephritis is confirmed by comparative trials, this approach should not be routinely recommended with the current treatment armamentarium and monitoring regimes.

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A novel high-content screening approach for the elucidation of C. jejuni biofilm composition and integrity

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-020-02062-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew V. X. Whelan ◽

Jeremy C. Simpson ◽

Tadhg Ó Cróinín

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Oxygen ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Live Cells ◽

High Throughput Analysis ◽

Aerobic Conditions ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Fluorescent Markers ◽

Oxygen Conditions ◽

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Abstract Background Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and the main source of infection is contaminated chicken meat. Although this important human pathogen is an obligate microaerophile, it must survive atmospheric oxygen conditions to allow transmission from contaminated chicken meat to humans. It is becoming increasingly evident that formation of biofilm plays a key role in the survival of this organism for extended periods on poultry products. We have recently demonstrated a novel inducible model for the study of adherent C. jejuni biofilm formation under aerobic conditions. By taking advantage of supercoiling mediated gene regulation, incubation of C. jejuni with subinhibitory concentrations of the Gyrase B inhibitor novobiocin was shown to promote the consistent formation of metabolically active adherent biofilm. Results In this study, we implement this model in conjunction with the fluorescent markers: TAMRA (live cells) and SytoX (dead cells, eDNA) to develop a novel systematic high-content imaging approach and describe how it can be implemented to gain quantifiable information about the integrity and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composition of adherent C. jejuni biofilm in aerobic conditions. We show that this produces a model with a consistent, homogenous biofilm that can be induced and used to screen a range of inhibitors of biofilm adherence and matrix formation. Conclusions This model allows for the first time a high throughput analysis of C. jejuni biofilms which will be invaluable in enabling researchers to develop mechanisms to disrupt these biofilms and reduce the viability of these bacteria under aerobic conditions.

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Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in fresh and frozen cycles using blastocysts derived from ovarian stimulation with follitropin delta

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics ◽

10.1007/s10815-021-02271-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jon Havelock ◽

Anna-Karina Aaris Henningsen ◽

Bernadette Mannaerts ◽

Joan-Carles Arce ◽

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Stimulation ◽

Implantation Rate ◽

Neonatal Outcomes ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Follitropin Alfa ◽

Start Up ◽

Comparative Trials

Abstract Purpose To describe the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes using fresh and vitrified/warmed blastocysts obtained from ovarian stimulation with follitropin delta in controlled trials versus follitropin alfa. Methods This investigation evaluated the outcome from 2719 fresh and frozen cycles performed in 1326 IVF/ICSI patients who could start up to three ovarian stimulations in the ESTHER-1 (NCT01956110) and ESTHER-2 (NCT01956123) trials, covering 1012 fresh cycles and 341 frozen cycles with follitropin delta and 1015 fresh cycles and 351 frozen cycles with follitropin alfa. Of the 1326 first cycle patients, 513 continued to cycle 2 and 188 to cycle 3, and 441 patients started frozen cycles after the fresh cycles. Pregnancy follow-up was continued until 4 weeks after birth. Results The overall cumulative take-home baby rate after up to three stimulation cycles was 60.3% with follitropin delta and 60.7% with follitropin alfa (−0.2% [95% CI: −5.4%; 5.0%]), of which the relative contribution was 72.8% from fresh cycles and 27.2% from frozen cycles in each treatment group. Across the fresh cycles, the ongoing implantation rate was 32.1% for follitropin delta and 32.1% for follitropin alfa, while it was 27.6% and 27.8%, respectively, for the frozen cycles. Major congenital anomalies among the live-born neonates up until 4 weeks were reported at an incidence of 1.6% with follitropin delta and 1.8% with follitropin alfa (−0.2% [95% CI: −1.9%; 1.5%]). Conclusions Based on comparative trials, the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes from fresh and frozen cycles provide reassuring data on the efficacy and safety of follitropin delta. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01956110 registered on 8 October 2013; NCT01956123 registered on 8 October 2013.

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Salmonella Bacteriophage Diversity According to Most Prevalent Salmonella Serovars in Layer and Broiler Poultry Farms from Eastern Spain

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10091456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1456

Author(s):

Sandra Sevilla-Navarro ◽

Pablo Catalá-Gregori ◽

Clara Marin

Keyword(s):

Point Of View ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Production Type ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Commercial Poultry ◽

Salmonella Serovars ◽

The Impact ◽

Phage Isolation ◽

Salmonella Phage

The exploration of novel nonantibiotic interventions in the field, such as the use of bacteriophages, is necessary to avoid the presence of Salmonella. Bacteriophages are a group of viruses widely distributed in nature, strictly associated with the prokaryotic cell. Researchers have demonstrated the success of phage therapy in reducing Salmonella counts in poultry products. However, the impact that phage concentration in the environment may have against certain Salmonella serovars is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess Salmonella phage prevalence in commercial poultry farms in terms of the production type: layers or broilers. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars isolated in poultry production were used for phage isolation. Salmonella specific phages were isolated from 141 layer and broiler farms located in the Valencia region during 2019. Analysis of the samples revealed that 100% presented Salmonella phages, the most prevalent being against serovar S. Enteritidis (93%), followed by S. Virchow (59%), S. Typhimurium (55%), S. Infantis (52%) and S. Ohio (51%). These results indicate that poultry farms could represent an important source of Salmonella phages. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to assess the epidemiology of phages against other serovars present in other countries and their diversity from the point of view of molecular studies.

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Kaempferia galanga Linn. Extract – A potential antibacterial agent for preservation of poultry products

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

pp. 111553

Author(s):

Lin Song ◽

Xiaofei Wu ◽

Jingwen Xie ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

Huanbin Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Agent ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Kaempferia Galanga

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Transcriptome Analysis of the Cecal Tonsil of Jingxing Yellow Chickens Revealed the Mechanism of Differential Resistance to Salmonella

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10120979 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 979 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fei Wang ◽

Jin Zhang ◽

Bo Zhu ◽

Jie Wang ◽

Qiao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Differential Resistance ◽

Receptor Interaction ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Food Borne ◽

Cecal Tonsil ◽

Iga Production

Salmonella is one of the most common food-borne pathogens. It can be transmitted between chickens, as well as to people by contaminated poultry products. In our study, we distinguished chickens with different resistances mainly based on bacterial loads. We compared the cecal tonsil transcriptomes between the susceptible and resistant chickens after Salmonella infection, aiming to identify the crucial genes participating in the antibacterial activity in the cecal tonsil. A total of 3214 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 2092 upregulated and 1122 downregulated genes, were identified between the two groups (fold change ≥ 2.0, padj < 0.05). Many DEGs were mainly involved in the regulation of two biological processes: crosstalk between the cecal tonsil epithelium and pathogenic bacteria, such as focal adhesion, extracellular-matrix–receptor interaction, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and host immune response including the cytokine–receptor interaction. In particular, the challenged resistant birds exhibited strong activation of the intestinal immune network for IgA production, which perhaps contributed to the resistance to Salmonella infection. These findings give insight into the mRNA profile of the cecal tonsil between the two groups after initial Salmonella stimulation, which may extend the known complexity of molecular mechanisms in chicken immune response to Salmonella.

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