Towards apost-non-classical theory activity

Ergodesign ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Sergey Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Form ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Conceptual Base ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
History Of ◽  
New System

The history of the development of the system-methodological basis of the psychological theory of activity is analyzed. The system features and limitations of the canonical form of the psychological theory of activity and its main variants are given. The article considers the prospects for the development of the conceptual base of the activity approach within the framework of a new system basis, which includes ideas about cyclic self-organization, taking into account the constructional properties of the psyche and brain and related categories of physics.

The Interplay of Developing Morality and Gender Attitudes

2020 ◽  
pp. 724-745
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Bigler ◽  
Lynn S. Liben
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior

Morality and gender are intersecting realms of human thought and behavior. Reasoning and action at their intersection (e.g., views of women’s rights legislation) carry important consequences for societies, communities, and individual lives. In this chapter, the authors argue that children’s developing views of morality and gender reciprocally shape one another in important and underexplored ways. The chapter begins with a brief history of psychological theory and research at the intersection of morality and gender and suggests reasons for the historical failure to view gender attitudes through moral lenses. The authors then describe reasons for expecting morality to play an important role in shaping children’s developing gender attitudes and, reciprocally, for gender attitudes to play an important role in shaping children’s developing moral values. The authors next illustrate the importance and relevance of these ideas by discussing two topics at the center of contentious debate in the United States concerning ethical policy and practice: treatment of gender nonconformity and gender-segregated schooling. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.

Punctuation

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Frank T. Coulson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
History Of ◽  
New System ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter provides a brief survey of the history of punctuation of Latin texts, and functions as a guide to the use of punctuation marks in Latin manuscripts of the Middle Ages. Punctuation in medieval manuscripts is quite variable, some scripts, such as Beneventan, having their own unique punctuation systems. During the Carolingian period, a new system of punctuation (known as positurae) began to be developed; it was later supplemented by the work of Humanist scholars.

scholarly journals CURATORSHIP PRAXISES TOWARDS ‘DISPLACED ASSETS’ IN POST-1989 MUSEUM PROJECTS: TWO EXHIBITIONS AT WARSAW’S XAWERY DUNIKOWSKI MUSEUM

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 208-218
Author(s):  
Ewa Toniak
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Major Part ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Provenance Research

Two exhibitions at the Xawery Dunikowski Museum of Sculpture at the Królikarnia Palace, branch of the National Museum in Warsaw: the ‘Inventorying’ Display-Research Project, which was a kind of a public inventory of the sculpture collection (2012) and the Exhibition ‘The Estate. Sculptures from the collection of the Von Rose family and films and photographs from the archive of Zofia Chomętowska’ (2015) are case studies serving the Author to analyse curatorship practices with respect to the collections whose major part is composed of ‘displaced assets’, first of all from the so-called ‘Regained Territories’. In the words of the Chief Curator at the Królikarnia Museum since 2011 and the Exhibitions’ Curator Agnieszka Tarasiuk: it is a troublesome collection testifying to a difficult heritage and not yielding to conservation. The paper’s methodological basis is the museum exhibits’ provenance research conducted by R. Olkowski, L.M. Kamińska, and M. Romanowska-Zadrożna, while its context is found in the programme assumptions of the Strategy for the Operations and Development of the National Museum in Warsaw 2010–2020 worked out by the former National Museum’s Director Piotr Piotrowski. One of its priorities is to clarify the origins of the collections of unknown provenance, and settling accounts with their former owners. Furthermore, the question related to constructing museum’s genealogy and the memory of history of the period immediately following WWII in the new socio-political situation in Poland after 1989 is posed. The position for dealing with collections’ provenance research introduced by P. Piotrowski was liquidated following the Director’s dismissal in 2012. The paper forms part of a bigger whole.

Why is classical theory classical? Theorizing the canon and canonizing Du Bois

2021 ◽  
pp. 1468795X2110369
Author(s):  
Michael Burawoy
Keyword(s):  
Classical Theory ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
History Of Sociology ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

One of the most contentious debates coursing through sociology is what to do with the canon of Marx, Weber, and Durkheim: abandon the canon, start afresh with a new canon, or reconstruct the existing canon? In this paper I examine the claims of Connell, the foremost advocate of abandoning the cannon. She claims the canon is an arbitrary imposition that bears no relation to the actual history of sociology and we would be better off examining how the canon came to be. She does not consider the intrinsic value of the canon and instead advances the idea of Southern theory. It is not clear what is Southern about Southern theory nor what holds together the array of theorists she proposes. As an alternative I propose reconstructing the canon with the life and work of W.E.B. Du Bois who was propelled by precisely the issues that concern Connell. The canon is relational so that Du Bois is not simply added but brought into conversation with Marx, Weber, and Durkheim, leading to a rereading of each theorist. The canon has always been subject to revision when it atrophies, when it moves out of sync with questions raised by the world and by sociology. I agree with others that contemporary questions push Du Bois to the forefront—however, not at the expense of Marx, Weber, and Durkheim but in dialogue with them. I outline a possible direction of such dialogues from which all would benefit. Just as the inclusion of Marx had dramatic consequences for the recalibration of Weber and Durkheim, so the same will happen with the inclusion of Du Bois with regard to Weber, Durkheim, and Marx, and, at the same time, stiffening and advancing a Du Boisian sociology. Incorporating Du Bois into the existing canon may appear to be a reformist move but if attention is paid to the whole gamut of Du Bois’s oeuvre, then the consequences could be revolutionary, even to the point of sidelining one or more of Marx, Weber, and Durkheim.

PERTURBATION OF SCIENTIFIC SPECIALTIES IN LAW AND THE PLACE OF BUSINESS LAW IN THE NEW SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-213
Author(s):  
I.V. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Business Law ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Scientific Specialty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
New System

Introduction: attention to the problems of scientific specialties is explained by a number of factors of a substantive and formal-institutional nature. The predicted change in the nomenclature of scientific specialties, including law, makes the research topical. Purpose: to identify the consequences and evaluate the results of future changes with extrapolation of conclusions to the science of business law. Methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, historicism, description, interpretation, forecasting, as well as sociological and historical methods. Results: an excursion into the history of the issue is made: the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods are covered. Based on the actual data, it is shown that permanent changes in the system of scientific specialties in law are a tradition of Russian science. At the same time, the previously mentioned changes were of an evolutionary nature. The current situation with dissertation research within the current nomenclature is highlighted. Factors of popularity of the scientific specialty 12.00.03 are revealed, among which-stability, successful arrangement of branches, demand for scientists. The conclusion about the correctness of preserving business law within the same specialty with civil law is confirmed. Essential and bureaucratic problems of the scientific specialty 12.00.07 are shown. The article presents the data of a sociological study, the results of which indicate divergence and progressive autarky in the field of social Sciences. The characteristics of the main expected changes in the nomenclature of scientific specialties in law, including such as consolidation, rejection of the industry criterion in the formation are given. A forecast is made about the consequences of the introduction of these innovations. The author’s opinion is expressed regarding the place of business law in the new system of scientific specialties. Attention is drawn to possible problems and a way to overcome them is suggested. Conclusions: the new paradigm of scientific specialties in law should be evaluated positively. Its application allows us to approach the interdisciplinarity, complexity of scientific research, and the creation of dissertations as integral projects. In addition to the content side, the new nomenclature is designed to minimize problems in the formation of dissertation councils, selection of candidates for official opponents, and scientific organizations.

Ideational Understanding of the Indo-Pakistan Nuclear Rivalry

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-133
Author(s):  
Kasuni Ishara Ranasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Nuclear Test ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
History Of

Most of the existing discussions of the nuclear ambitions of states have neglected hidden ideational factors of nuclearisation. This chapter attempts to fill this gap by analyzing prevailing literature on the Indo-Pakistan nuclear rivalry. India and Pakistan have had a history of conflict with each other since the partition in 1947. The conflict is based on divisions of two religious groups, Hindus and Muslims, and extended to an identity crisis which later turned to a bilateral conflict between two nations. The nuclear test in 1974 diverted the conflict into a novel dimension. The study conceptualizes the factors of nuclear ambitions (material and ideational) of two nations using the model of the iceberg. A constructive psychological theory to analyze the moral orders of social actions and duties of participants to act in certain issues is given. Constructivism is used as the foundation of the proposed ideational framework.

Shocks and Operation of the Law of Denial of Negation

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-134
Keyword(s):  
Self Organization ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Static System ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Double Negation ◽  
Structural Hierarchy ◽  
Dynamic Economy ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
History Of

The long history of complication of static economy objectively leads it to exhaustion of self-organization potential and to the point of no return – a leap into dynamic state with self-development mechanism. In the new quality, the dynamic economy is regulated by the dialectical law of negation of negation with new functions of shocks in its operation. As for self-organizing systems, shocks are determined to destroy the structural links that weaken systemic integrity. In order, the static system could jump into a dynamic state, shocks realize the first negation, destroying the vertical hierarchy of structural links, and as for the second negation, shocks destroy basic structural level as well. The epochal task is associated with construction of new dynamic systemic integrity on the modern technological base by forming new structure since the previous structural hierarchy has been completely destroyed by shocks embedded into the dialectical law of double negation.

Psychology and Race in Racialized Societies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia E. Winston-Proctor ◽  
Michael R. Winston
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
Theoretical Conceptualization

Within racialized societies, the meaning of race is an important topic of psychological study. As Helms and colleagues has been pointed out, however, race has no consensual theoretical or scientific meaning in psychology, although the term race is frequently used in psychological theory, research, and practice as if it has obvious meaning. A recent cultural historical analysis of race scholarship concluded that race as a label has developed over time, leading to the treatment of race as a “thing.” Such ideological use of race as a thing has been discredited. Nevertheless, socially destructive ideological concepts of race have been embedded in racialized societies to varying degrees through social, economic, and political institutions and their practices. In the history of the field of psychology, race has had various theoretical conceptualizations (i.e., definitions). Most of these theoretical conceptualizations can be linked to larger scientific and societal movements within racialized societies. Relatedly, psychologists have adopted various epistemological and methodological approaches to studying race, although positivist empiricism has dominated. The complexities of the theoretical conceptualization and methodological approaches in the field of psychology for studying race have led to multiple analyses of how to address “psychology’s problems with race.” Multiple features of a racialized society provide the broader context for the study race within the field of psychology.

On the subject of educational psychology research

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (16) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Janusz Trempała
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Theory Of Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Area Of Application

Despite more than a century of history of psychological research on education, we are unable to clearly define the subject and specific tasks and goals of educational psychology as a separate subdiscipline. There is also the lack of one, general and comprehensive psychological theory of education, describing and explaining in a satisfactory way the complexity of educational phenomena. The presented considerations leads to the statement that educational psychology is an area of application rather than a unique category of research subject matter.

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