scholarly journals The 1962 Military Confrontation on Salvaging West Papua: An Analysis on War Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulyadi . ◽  
◽  
Helda Risman
Keyword(s):  
Round Table ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Descriptive Phenomenology ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Military Strength ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Military

Based on the Round Table Conference between Indonesia and the Netherlands' representatives in 1949, West Papua will be delivered to Indonesia a year later. Nevertheless, the Dutch broke their promise to return West Papua to Indonesian sovereignty. The Dutch continued to insist on West Papua as their land and then increased their military presence in West Papua to prepare for defending the territory. Responding to this, initially, Indonesia made peaceful efforts, namely bilateral diplomacy within the Indonesian-Dutch Union ties, continued with trilateral diplomacy and diplomacy efforts using the Asian African Conference and United Nations organizations. However, Indonesian diplomatic efforts met with deadlock. Hence, another form of diplomacy, the military effort, has been displayed. This study's main aim is to review the 1962 military confrontation on salvaging West Papua in the analysis on war theory. Also, to prove that with sufficient military strength, the country will confidently step up to be the negotiating table winner. The Indonesian military strength at that time was playing a significant role as a deterrent effect. The research uses a qualitative descriptive phenomenology method, using data sources from several books and journals available. The result of the research shows that Indonesia absolutely needs a modern and more rigid military force to maintain its sovereignty, protect our Island and its natural resources. Without the deterrent effect of military power, Indonesia will be underestimated in international politics.

scholarly journals The 1962 Military Confrontation on Salvaging West Papua: An Analysis on War Theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ishtiaq Zadid ◽  
Mohamed Osman Elamin Busharads
Keyword(s):  
Round Table ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Descriptive Phenomenology ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Military Strength ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Military

Based on the Round Table Conference between Indonesia and the Netherlands' representatives in 1949, West Papua will be delivered to Indonesia a year later. Nevertheless, the Dutch broke their promise to return West Papua to Indonesian sovereignty. The Dutch continued to insist on West Papua as their land and then increased their military presence in West Papua to prepare for defending the territory. Responding to this, initially, Indonesia made peaceful efforts, namely bilateral diplomacy within the Indonesian-Dutch Union ties, continued with trilateral diplomacy and diplomacy efforts using the Asian African Conference and United Nations organizations. However, Indonesian diplomatic efforts met with deadlock. Hence, another form of diplomacy, the military effort, has been displayed. This study's main aim is to review the 1962 military confrontation on salvaging West Papua in the analysis on war theory. Also, to prove that with sufficient military strength, the country will confidently step up to be the negotiating table winner. The Indonesian military strength at that time was playing a significant role as a deterrent effect. The research uses a qualitative descriptive phenomenology method, using data sources from several books and journals available. The result of the research shows that Indonesia absolutely needs a modern and more rigid military force to maintain its sovereignty, protect our Island and its natural resources. Without the deterrent effect of military power, Indonesia will be underestimated in international politics.

scholarly journals The 1962 Military Confrontation on Salvaging West Papua: An Analysis on War Theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond Sam-Quarm ◽  
Mohamed Osman Elamin Busharads
Keyword(s):  
Round Table ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Descriptive Phenomenology ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Military Strength ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Military

Based on the Round Table Conference between Indonesia and the Netherlands' representatives in 1949, West Papua will be delivered to Indonesia a year later. Nevertheless, the Dutch broke their promise to return West Papua to Indonesian sovereignty. The Dutch continued to insist on West Papua as their land and then increased their military presence in West Papua to prepare for defending the territory. Responding to this, initially, Indonesia made peaceful efforts, namely bilateral diplomacy within the Indonesian-Dutch Union ties, continued with trilateral diplomacy and diplomacy efforts using the Asian African Conference and United Nations organizations. However, Indonesian diplomatic efforts met with deadlock. Hence, another form of diplomacy, the military effort, has been displayed. This study's main aim is to review the 1962 military confrontation on salvaging West Papua in the analysis on war theory. Also, to prove that with sufficient military strength, the country will confidently step up to be the negotiating table winner. The Indonesian military strength at that time was playing a significant role as a deterrent effect. The research uses a qualitative descriptive phenomenology method, using data sources from several books and journals available. The result of the research shows that Indonesia absolutely needs a modern and more rigid military force to maintain its sovereignty, protect our Island and its natural resources. Without the deterrent effect of military power, Indonesia will be underestimated in international politics.

scholarly journals The Universal War Strategy in the 5th Generation War in the 4.0 Industry Era (Cyber Threat Case Study)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond Sam-Quarm ◽  
Mohamed Osman Elamin Busharads
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Descriptive Phenomenology ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Stability

Currently, the world has entered into the 5th generation war, and this war in the 5th generation can be said to be an invisible war. This war can be interpreted as an information war, an economic war, including cyber warfare. The rapid progress of the development of science and technology today has a very broad impact on various aspects of human life. The threat of cyber attacks that can cripple the stability of national security needs to be watched out for. For this reason, the Indonesian nation must have strategic steps to anticipate all possibilities from the threat of cyber attacks. The research objective in this paper is to identify the potential threat of 5th generation war, analyze cyber threats and cyber attacks in Indonesia and how the Universal War Strategy in dealing with the threat of cyber attacks. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive phenomenology research method, using data sources from some literature and mass media. The research results from the researcher's analysis provide significant results with the conclusion that Indonesia is vulnerable to cyber threats so that it is necessary to equalize perceptions in drafting the concept of defense and security from the threat of cyber attacks.

scholarly journals The Universal War Strategy in the 5th Generation War in the 4.0 Industry Era (Cyber Threat Case Study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonny Sumarno ◽  
◽  
Helda Risman
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Descriptive Phenomenology ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Stability

Currently, the world has entered into the 5th generation war, and this war in the 5th generation can be said to be an invisible war. This war can be interpreted as an information war, an economic war, including cyber warfare. The rapid progress of the development of science and technology today has a very broad impact on various aspects of human life. The threat of cyber attacks that can cripple the stability of national security needs to be watched out for. For this reason, the Indonesian nation must have strategic steps to anticipate all possibilities from the threat of cyber attacks. The research objective in this paper is to identify the potential threat of 5th generation war, analyze cyber threats and cyber attacks in Indonesia and how the Universal War Strategy in dealing with the threat of cyber attacks. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive phenomenology research method, using data sources from some literature and mass media. The research results from the researcher's analysis provide significant results with the conclusion that Indonesia is vulnerable to cyber threats so that it is necessary to equalize perceptions in drafting the concept of defense and security from the threat of cyber attacks.

scholarly journals The Universal War Strategy in the 5th Generation War in the 4.0 Industry Era (Cyber Threat Case Study)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond Sam Quarm ◽  
Helda Risman
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Descriptive Phenomenology ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Stability

Currently, the world has entered into the 5th generation war, and this war in the 5th generation can be said to be an invisible war. This war can be interpreted as an information war, an economic war, including cyber warfare. The rapid progress of the development of science and technology today has a very broad impact on various aspects of human life. The threat of cyber attacks that can cripple the stability of national security needs to be watched out for. For this reason, the Indonesian nation must have strategic steps to anticipate all possibilities from the threat of cyber attacks. The research objective in this paper is to identify the potential threat of 5th generation war, analyze cyber threats and cyber attacks in Indonesia and how the Universal War Strategy in dealing with the threat of cyber attacks. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive phenomenology research method, using data sources from some literature and mass media. The research results from the researcher's analysis provide significant results with the conclusion that Indonesia is vulnerable to cyber threats so that it is necessary to equalize perceptions in drafting the concept of defense and security from the threat of cyber attacks.

Upaya Meningkatkan Efikasi Diri Melalui Layanan Bimbingan Konseling

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Nona Nurfadhilla
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
School Work ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Doing School ◽  
Good Learning ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Collection Methods

This article aims to look at how to improve self-efficacy through guidance and counseling services at SMP 1 Pleret, Yogyakarta. This type of research is qualitative descriptive, data collection methods through interviews and observations. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Results and discussion that there are still many students who have low self-efficacy so they are difficult to achieve good learning outcomes. This is proven by some students rarely doing school work and rarely doing homework also do not have the motivation to excel. BK teachers try through guidance and counseling services in the form of a preventive approach for those with high self-efficacy and a curative approach for students with low self-efficacy. Such as helping students to convince themselves that students are able to do tasks even though it is difficult and able to excel and to convince students to avoid feeling inferior about themselves. Guidance and counseling provided by BK teachers shows significant changes in some students who already have high self-efficacy. So it can be concluded that through guidance and counseling can be an effort to improve student self-efficacy.

IMPROVING MECHANISMS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE STATE BORDER SERVICE OF UKRAINE, PUBLIC ORGANISATIONS AND POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Iakiv Serhiiovych Halaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Public Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mechanism Model ◽  
Public Organisations ◽  
The Military

The article highlights the author’s approach to improving coopera- tion mechanisms of the State Border Service of Ukraine with public organiza- tions and population. There has been analyzed public control as a means their cooperation and priorities of improving the cooperation, particularly, forms and methods of organizing citizens’ feedback, introduction of the assessment pro- cedure of the efficiency of the SBSU and population and public organization. There have been stated conceptual pillars of the public control development in the SBSU, developed by the author, including public control forms and resource provision. There has been considered a mechanism algorithm of the public par- ticipation in the development of the border administration through submitting petitions or proposals concerning a legally enforceable enactment draft (or the legally enforceable enactment currently in force). There has been represented a mechanism model of discussing legally enforceable enactments and public peti- tions, developed by the author. It is noted that one of the mechanisms of interac- tion of the SBSU with the public is effective public control, which becomes an in- tegral part of ensuring national security and political stability. The conditions of permanence of Ukraine's threats in the border area, and in certain areas and their exacerbation, along with further reforms of the institutes of Ukrainian statehood, cause the problem of establishing and implementing public control in the border area as an important and urgent one.It is proved that public control is intended to determine the correctness of the military-force policy in the border area, the validity of the scale and optimality of the forms of activity of the border guards. In accordance with all this, in the subject area of public control should be: political decisions on issues of border security, including international agreements; the expediency and validity of government programs for the provision and reform of the border authorities of Ukraine, assess- ment of the effectiveness of these programs and the procedure for making changes to them.

scholarly journals Equitable Access of Naloxone Programs in Durham Region, Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Martignetti ◽  
W Sun
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Equitable Access ◽  
Descriptive Phenomenology ◽  
Environmental Scan ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Key Informant Interview

Abstract Background In 2019 there were over 1500 opioid-related deaths in the province of Ontario, Canada. While the opioid crisis is affecting many socioeconomic groups and communities across Canada not all are being affected equally despite the presence of naloxone distribution programs in Ontario. This qualitative exploratory study seeks to understand facilitators and barriers that influence equitable access of naloxone programs in Durham Region, Ontario, Canada. Methods An environmental scan will be conducted to examine the availability and distribution of naloxone across community pharmacies and organizations in Durham Region. A qualitative descriptive phenomenology will be the methodological approach where key informant interviews will explore experiences of users and providers of naloxone programs. Key informants will include service providers and clients of both Ontario Naloxone Program and Ontario Naloxone Program for Pharmacies in Durham Region. The harm reduction framework will be used to guide data analysis where thematic analysis will be conducted to generate overarching themes about the phenomenon. Results The environmental scan will result in the creation of a map outlining availability and distribution of naloxone programs to examine possible gaps that exist in Durham Region. It is expected that key informant interview findings will help understand where inequity exists in accessing Ontario's naloxone programs in Durham Region by highlighting its barriers and facilitators. Conclusions Findings generated will be used for larger scale studies in the future examining equitable access of naloxone distribution programs in Canada. This study will have implications to provide recommendations to policymakers for developing new policies to facilitate timely access of naloxone to mitigate risk of opioid-related harms. Key messages This research will help to better understand the inequities that exist in Ontario's naloxone distribution programs. This research will help to inform recommendations to improve policies surrounding Ontario's naloxone distribution programs.

scholarly journals War and peace in liberated North Korea: Soviet military administration and the creation of North Korean police force in 1945

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Vasilii Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Military

Abstract The North Korean police were arguably one of the most important organisations in liberated North Korea. It was instrumental in stabilising the North Korean society and eventually became one of the backbones for both the new North Korean regime and its military force. Scholars of different political orientation have attempted to reconstruct its early history leading to a set of views ranging from the “traditionalist” sovietisation concept to the more contemporary “revisionist” reconstruction that portrayed it as the cooperation of North Korean elites with the Soviet authorities in their bid for the control over the politics and the military, in which the Soviets merely played the supporting role. Drawing from the Soviet archival documents, this paper presents a third perspective, arguing that initially, the Soviet military administration in North Korea did not pursue any clear-cut political goals. On the contrary, the Soviet administration initially viewed North Koreans with distrust, making Soviets constantly conduct direct interventions to prevent North Korean radicals from using the police in their political struggle.

scholarly journals Strategi Humas Universitas Negeri Makassar Dalam Meningkatkan Citra Positif Masyarakat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Risma Niswaty ◽  
Sri Wulandari ◽  
Sirajuddin Saleh ◽  
Muh. Rizal S
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
State University ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Using Data

This study aims to determine the public relations strategy of Makassar State University in increasing the positive image of Makassar State University in the community. To find out these objectives, the researchers used a type of qualitative descriptive research. The informants in this study were as many as five people using data collection techniques carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. Data obtained from research results are processed using data analysis techniques consisting of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that Public Relations devised a strategy so that the function could run in accordance with the objectives of Makassar State University, among others, trying to create a conducive climate between institutions and the public in order to do persuasive and educative approaches to the public, trying to create two-way communication by disseminating information from institutions to public parties. educate and provide information, in order to create mutual understanding, respect, understanding and also strive to foster harmonious relations between organizations and various groups, both in and out relations to enhance cooperation. Public Relations seeks to socialize the Makassar State University mission to be accepted or received support from the public / public.

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