Contemporary Irregular Warfare: Defense Strategy

Globalization influenced by the development of science and technology has brought the world into the era of industrial revolution 4.0. It led to an unstable and confusing situation, which implies the emergence of VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) conditions. VUCA created the term Irregular Warfare as a new form of war, which is defined as a violent struggle between state and non-state actors to gain legitimate influence on the people relevant in the form of terrorist attacks, subversion, and rebellion or separatism. Irregular Warfare in Indonesia is known as a non-military threat, which must be faced by state institutions outside the defense sector as the main element. This study aims to develop a non-military defense strategy in dealing with non-military threats through the collaboration between the ministry of defense with ministries/agencies and local governments as the main elements under the mandate of the defense law. This study used qualitative research methods and phenomenological descriptive-analytical design and supported by relevant theories such as; strategy theory and synergy theory. This study indicates that the synergy of the ministry of defense with the ministries/agencies and local governments is significant in realizing a reliable national defense system.

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Contemporary Irregular Warfare: Defense Strategy

10.31235/osf.io/c85q3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sotardodo Siahaan ◽

Helda Risman

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Main Element ◽

Irregular Warfare ◽

National Defense ◽

State Institutions ◽

Defense Strategy ◽

Military Threat ◽

The People ◽

System P

Globalization influenced by the development of science and technology has brought the world into the era of industrial revolution 4.0. It led to an unstable and confusing situation, which implies the emergence of VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) conditions. VUCA created the term Irregular Warfare as a new form of war, which is defined as a violent struggle between state and non-state actors to gain legitimate influence on the people relevant in the form of terrorist attacks, subversion, and rebellion or separatism. Irregular Warfare in Indonesia is known as a non-military threat, which must be faced by state institutions outside the defense sector as the main element. This study aims to develop a non-military defense strategy in dealing with non-military threats through the collaboration between the ministry of defense with ministries/agencies and local governments as the main elements under the mandate of the defense law. This study used qualitative research methods and phenomenological descriptive-analytical design and supported by relevant theories such as; strategy theory and synergy theory. This study indicates that the synergy of the ministry of defense with the ministries/agencies and local governments is significant in realizing a reliable national defense system.

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Makassar War in the Perspective of the Indonesian Total War

10.31219/osf.io/5tgf8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ruslan Arief ◽

I Wayan Midhio ◽

Helda Risman ◽

Syaiful Anwar ◽

Lukman Yudho Prakoso

Keyword(s):

Social Conflict ◽

Trade Association ◽

National Defense ◽

Defense System ◽

Total War ◽

East Indies ◽

The Past ◽

The People ◽

The Republic ◽

Two Sides

The purpose of writing this article is to take a lesson from history and then make a comparison in order to find the strengths and weaknesses of a nation in implementing a defense system, and it is stipulated in a state document in the form of law if we look at events that occurred in the past, the location of the port Somba Opu is located in a very strategic area, which is located between Malacca and Maluku which makes the VOC (Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie) or the East Indies Trade Association intending to implement monopolistic practices; therefore Makassar port must be controlled and must be under VOC control. In addition, the VOC did its best to provide spices to the European market by monopolizing the spice trade in the archipelago. While also wanting the divine government to be under VOC control, this was a threat to the interests of trade and shipping on the island of Maluku for the Makassar Sultanate since the arrival of the VOC. Because of that, there was trade competition between the Kingdom of Gowa and the VOC, and it was inevitable that there would be friction which resulted in the emergence of social conflict between the Sultanate of Makassar and the VOC, which at its peak broke out in a war between the two sides known as the Makassar War in the XVII century. The conflict continued after the Bongaya agreement on November 18, 1668, which led to major changes in the Bugis-Makassar Kingdom. The VOC obtained a trade monopoly in Makassar, and all non-Dutch Europeans were forced to leave Makassar. The conflict in Makassar resulted in an unstable security situation. The universal defense system, as stated in the Republic of Indonesia Law (RI Law) Number 3 of 2002 concerning national defense, has stipulated that the Indonesian defense system is SISHANKAMRATA, where the contribution of the people in it is an important part).

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Examining the Capacity of Indonesia’s Defense Entities on Countering Radicalism

Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.14738/assrj.85.10230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 282-292

Author(s):

Werijon Werijon ◽

Daniel Setiawan

Keyword(s):

National Security ◽

Current Approach ◽

State Agencies ◽

National Defense ◽

Military Threat ◽

The People ◽

Minor Portion ◽

A Minor

Radicalism for the last few decades has hampered the people and national security building of Indonesia. Contemporary global and regional constellations develop an unprecedented scale of impact radicalism as well as its tractability. The formal categorization of radicalism as an ideology based-non-military threat reflects an imperative mandate for Indonesian defense entities to review and formulate relevant and comprehensive alleviation strategies to address the radicalism. However, this urgency does not appear to have been embodied in at least two points in our opinion: the perception among associated institutions barely aware of the significance of synergy and coordination and second, a minor portion of the countering of radicalism in the frame of the roadmap for Indonesia's national defense development. This research examines the perceptions of relevant defense stakeholders in Indonesia regarding radicalism and its current approach as well as the formulation of strategies that have been implemented or designed to maintain the existence of Indonesian nationalism. We collected information and data through both documentation studies and interviews with representative officials from the relevant ministries, military, and state agencies and then compiled it descriptively. By examining the perceptions of each research object as well as the construction of the strategy that has been rolled out, we conclude the Indonesian defense entities have yet significant, comprehensive, and sustainable strategies addressing the threat of radicalism.

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Makassar War in the Perspective of the Indonesian Total War

Journal of Social and Political Sciences ◽

10.31014/aior.1991.04.02.291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ruslan Arief ◽

◽

I Wayan Midhio ◽

Helda Risman ◽

Syaiful Anwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Conflict ◽

Trade Association ◽

National Defense ◽

Defense System ◽

Total War ◽

East Indies ◽

The Past ◽

The People ◽

The Republic ◽

Two Sides

The purpose of writing this article is to take a lesson from history and then make a comparison in order to find the strengths and weaknesses of a nation in implementing a defense system, and it is stipulated in a state document in the form of law if we look at events that occurred in the past, the location of the port Somba Opu is located in a very strategic area, which is located between Malacca and Maluku which makes the VOC (Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie) or the East Indies Trade Association intending to implement monopolistic practices; therefore Makassar port must be controlled and must be under VOC control. In addition, the VOC did its best to provide spices to the European market by monopolizing the spice trade in the archipelago. While also wanting the divine government to be under VOC control, this was a threat to the interests of trade and shipping on the island of Maluku for the Makassar Sultanate since the arrival of the VOC. Because of that, there was trade competition between the Kingdom of Gowa and the VOC, and it was inevitable that there would be friction which resulted in the emergence of social conflict between the Sultanate of Makassar and the VOC, which at its peak broke out in a war between the two sides known as the Makassar War in the XVII century. The conflict continued after the Bongaya agreement on November 18, 1668, which led to major changes in the Bugis-Makassar Kingdom. The VOC obtained a trade monopoly in Makassar, and all non-Dutch Europeans were forced to leave Makassar. The conflict in Makassar resulted in an unstable security situation. The universal defense system, as stated in the Republic of Indonesia Law (RI Law) Number 3 of 2002 concerning national defense, has stipulated that the Indonesian defense system is SISHANKAMRATA, where the contribution of the people in it is an important part).

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STRENGTHENING TOTAL PEOPLE'S DEFENSE AND SECURITY SYSTEM IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ERA 4.0 TO FACE THE THREAT OF SIXTH GENERATION WAR

Jurnal Pertahanan ◽

10.33172/jp.v7i2.1231 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Ryamizard Ryacudu ◽

I Nengah Putra ◽

Susilo Adi Purwantoro

Keyword(s):

Industry 4.0 ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Security System ◽

National Defense ◽

Defense System ◽

Sixth Generation ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Main Components ◽

State Defense

<div><p class="Els-history-head">Revolution couldn’t be separated in the history of the struggle of the Indonesian nation. Experience and real evidence that the involvement of every component in the elements of the nation plays a crucial role in making Indonesia be one of the great countries in the world. This experience was adopted into a state defense system known as the Total People’s Defense and Security System. Growing globalization could be a threat to a country's sovereignty, mainly in the era of the sixth genealogy war. The purpose of this study is to develop knowledge about the importance of strengthening Sishankamrata (Total People’s Defense and Security System) in presence of industry 4.0. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative analysis through literature studies with the development of thinking through literature studies and research tour of duty. In this study, the PMESII and VUCA construction is used. The result of this study is confirmed that strengthening Sishankamrata was needed to improve the readiness of the national defense strategy in facing the threat of the sixth-generation war. This strengthening includes strengthening the posture and capabilities of the main components, reserve components, and supporting components, and strengthen state defense as a foundation in Sishankamrata by optimizing national insight integrated with every policymaker.</p></div>

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Rediseñando las Organizaciones del Futuro. El impacto de la transformación digital en el mundo del trabajo

10.26422/icf.20193cong06.pin ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 199-226

Author(s):

Ricardo M. Piñeyro Prins ◽

Guadalupe E. Estrada Narvaez

Keyword(s):

Industrial Revolution ◽

New Technologies ◽

Third Sector ◽

Digital Transformation ◽

Digital Culture ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

The People ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Current Scenario ◽

The Way

We are witnessing how new technologies are radically changing the design of organizations, the way in which they produce and manage both their objectives and their strategies, and -above all- how digital transformation impacts the people who are part of it. Even today in our country, many organizations think that digitalizing is having a presence on social networks, a web page or venturing into cases of success in corporate social intranet. Others begin to invest a large part of their budget in training their teams and adapting them to the digital age. But given this current scenario, do we know exactly what the digital transformation of organizations means? It is necessary? Implying? Is there a roadmap to follow that leads to the success of this process? How are organizations that have been born 100% digital from their business conception to the way of producing services through the use of platforms? What role does the organizational culture play in this scenario? The challenge of the digital transformation of businesses and organizations, which is part of the paradigm of the industrial revolution 4.0, is happening here and now in all types of organizations, whether are they private, public or third sector. The challenge to take into account in this process is to identify the digital competences that each worker must face in order to accompany these changes and not be left out of it. In this sense, the present work seeks to analyze the main characteristics of the current technological advances that make up the digital transformation of organizations and how they must be accompanied by a digital culture and skills that allow their successful development. In order to approach this project, we will carry out an exploratory research, collecting data from the sector of new actors in the world of work such as employment platforms in its various areas (gastronomy, delivery, transportation, recreation, domestic service, etc) and an analysis of the main technological changes that impact on the digital transformation of organizations in Argentina.

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JUSTICE AND SOCIAL CHANGE FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN INDONESIA AND ASEAN FOR DISABLED PERSONS (STUDY ON PEOPLE AFFECTED BY LEPROSY)

Social Economics and Ecology International Journal (SEEIJ) ◽

10.31397/seeij.v1i1.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Nuah Perdamenta Tarigan ◽

Christian Siregar ◽

Simon Mangatur Tampubolon

Keyword(s):

Inclusive Education ◽

Local Governments ◽

Disabled Persons ◽

Equal Rights ◽

Central Java ◽

The People ◽

Asean Countries ◽

The Government ◽

The Moment ◽

The Right

Justice that has not existed and is apparent among the disabilities in Indonesia is very large and spread in the archipelago is very large, making the issue of equality is a very important thing especially with the publication of the Disability Act No. 8 of 2016 at the beginning of that year. Only a few provinces that understand properly and well on open and potential issues and issues will affect other areas including the increasingly growing number of elderly people in Indonesia due to the increasing welfare of the people. The government of DKI Jakarta, including the most concerned with disability, from the beginning has set a bold step to defend things related to disability, including local governments in Solo, Bali, Makassar and several other areas. Leprosy belonging to the disability community has a very tough marginalization, the disability that arises from leprosy quite a lot, reaches ten percent more and covers the poor areas of Indonesia, such as Nusa Tenggara Timur, Papua, South Sulawesi Provinces and even East Java and West Java and Central Java Provinces. If we compare again with the ASEAN countries we also do not miss the moment in ratifying the CRPD (Convention of Rights for People with Disability) into the Law of Disability No. 8 of 2016 which, although already published but still get rejections in some sections because do not provide proper empowerment and rights equality. The struggle is long and must be continued to build equal rights in all areas, not only health and welfare but also in the right of the right to receive continuous inclusive education.

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