175 Use of equine chorionic gonadotrophin in a minimum-handling protocol for oocyte collection in bison

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
M. Zwiefelhofer ◽  
E. Zwiefelhofer ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
V. Wallace ◽  
G. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Nominal Data ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
And Control

Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) and plains bison (Bison bison bison) are threatened subspecies native to North America. The creation of a germplasm biobank will connect valuable and inaccessible genetics from geographically distant herds in a biosecure manner. Protocols that are feasible in field conditions are required for cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) collection for the purpose of invitro embryo production (IVP). The efficacy of a single dose of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (ECG) was tested in an effort to develop a minimum-handling ovarian superstimulation protocol for bison. The experimental design enabled comparison between ECG-treated and non-superstimulated bison. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle ablation was performed in mature wood bison (n=24) during May (anovulatory season) to induce follicular wave emergence the following day. Immediately after ablation, the bison were assigned to one of three groups (n=8 per group) and treated intramuscularly with 5000IU of ECG (Folligon, Merck), 2500IU of ECG, or saline (control). Transvaginal COC collection was performed 5 days later. Follicular and COC data were recorded, and only grade 1 and 2 COC were used for IVP. The COC were matured invitro for 25-28h at 38.8°C, fertilised (2×106 spermmL−1), and co-incubated at 38.8°C in 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2 for 18h. Presumptive zygotes were denuded and cultured at 38.8°C in 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2. Nominal data were compared among groups using analysis of variance, and proportional data were compared using GLIMMIX. The total number of follicles ≥3mm on the day of COC collection was greater in the 5000-IU ECG group than in the 2500-IU ECG and control groups (37.5±6.9, 17.5±2.0, and 16.9±2.0, respectively; P<0.005). The number of follicles 5-8mm was also greater in the 5000-IU ECG group than in the 2500-IU ECG and control groups (12.5±2.1, 7.6±1.0, and 5.8±0.9, respectively; P<0.01), as was the number of follicles >8mm (21.1±5.4, 3.3±1.2, and 0.9±0.2, respectively; P<0.0005). The proportion of grade 1 and 2 COC/total COC recovered was greater in the 5000-IU ECG group than in the 2500-IU ECG and control groups (84/124 (68%), 39/76 (51%), and 37/75 (49%), respectively; P<0.05). The proportion of cleaved zygotes/number of COC matured, assessed at 56h after fertilisation, was similar among the 5000-IU ECG, 2500-IU ECG, and control groups (42/84 (50%), 27/39 (69%), and 21/37 (57%), respectively; P=0.20). The proportion of embryos of IETS grades 1-3/number of COC matured was also similar among the 5000-IU ECG, 2500-IU ECG, and control groups (15/84 (17.9%), 8/39 (20.5%), and 7/37 (18.9%), respectively; P=0.94), but the bison in the 5000-IU ECG group produced twice as many embryos than those in the other groups. In summary, a single dose of 5000IU of ECG increased the number and size of follicles available for COC collection, more than doubled the number of COC collected for IVP, and resulted in the production of more embryos than the other groups. A single dose of 5000IU of ECG is effective in a minimum-handling protocol for ovarian superstimulation and IVP in bison. This research was supported by NSERC.

22 Strategies for oocyte collection procedures in free-roaming bison herds

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
M. L. Zwiefelhofer ◽  
T. Shury ◽  
E. M. Zwiefelhofer ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Multiple Dose ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Oocyte Collection ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Time Required

The study was conducted to test the feasibility of protocols for field collection of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) for invitro embryo production (IVP) in wild bison. The study was done with captive wood bison during the late anovulatory season (July). In Experiment 1, bison were assigned randomly to 2 groups (n=8/group) in which transvaginal ultrasound-guided COC collection was done in a chute without sedation or in lateral recumbency after chemical immobilization using a dart gun to compare collection efficiencies. In Experiment 2, a 2×2 design was used to examine the effects of superstimulation treatments [single-dose equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) vs. multiple-dose FSH] and methods of drug administration (manual injection vs. field darting) on COC collection and IVP. Initial COC collection was done to serve as a non-superstimulated random start and to synchronize follicular wave emergence on the following day (Day 0; n=16). Half of the bison were given a single dose of 5000IU of eCG intramuscularly (IM) on Day −1. The other half were given 200mg of FSH IM on Day 0 and Day 2, followed by 2000IU human chorionic gonadotrophin IM on Day 4. Superstimulatory treatments were given by manual injection (chute restrained) to half of the bison in each group and by field darting in the other half. The COC were collected on Day 4 in the eCG group and Day 5 in the FSH group. Recovered COC were matured invitro for 25 to 28h at 38.8°C, fertilized (2×106 sperm mL−1) and co-incubated at 38.8°C in 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2 for 18h. Presumptive zygotes were denuded and cultured at 38.8°C in 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2. A commercially available IVF media set was utilised (IVF Bioscience). Data were compared by ANOVA and GLIMMIX. In Experiment 1, no difference was detected between chute-restrained vs. chemically immobilized groups in the time required to complete COC collection (6.9±1.0 vs. 8.9±1.0 min; P=0.2), the number of follicles aspirated (11.5±1.9 vs. 9.3±1.8; P=0.4), or the COC recovery rate [COC recovered/follicle aspirated; 58/92 (63%) vs. 44/69 (64%); P=0.9]. In Experiment 2, no differences were detected between superstimulation treatments (eCG vs. FSH) or method of drug administration (manual injection vs. field darting) for any endpoint. The number of medium (4.5–7.5 mm; 9.5±1.0 vs. 2.5±0.6; P<0.0001) and large (>8 mm; 8.6±0.8 vs. 3.4±1.5; P=0.004) follicles available was greater after superstimulation (groups combined) than without superstimulation (random start). Although there was no difference in the number of recovered compact COC between the superstimulated and non-superstimulated bison (8.9±1.3 vs. 6.2±1.7; P=0.2), the embryo production rate (number of embryos produced/number of COC matured) was greater after superstimulation than without superstimulation [54/189 (39%) vs. 19/108 (18%); P<0.05]. We conclude that COC collection in a field setting is feasible and minimum-handling superstimulation with a single dose of eCG is as effective as a multiple-dose FSH protocol for the invitro production of embryos in bison. This research was supported by NSERC and Vetoquinol.

198 Superovulatory response in cows undergoing aromatase inhibitor treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
E. M. Zwiefelhofer ◽  
A. R. T. Krause ◽  
L. B. Araujo ◽  
R. J. Mapletoft ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Nominal Data ◽  
And Control

The aromatase inhibitor letrozole has been used in the treatment of infertility in women by inducing mild ovarian superstimulation or augmenting the ovarian response to FSH treatment. The effect has been attributed to an apparent up-regulation of FSH receptors on granulosa cells as a result of increased androgens (Weil et al. 1999 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 2951-2956). The objective of this study was to determine whether letrozole will augment the superstimulatory response in FSH-treated cattle. Mature, non-lactating Holstein cows (n=30) were given 2 luteolytic doses of PGF2α 12h apart and scanned daily by transrectal ultrasonography to detect ovulation. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided ablation of follicles ≥5mm was performed in all cows as a group, at 5 to 8 days after ovulation. On the day of ablation, cows were assigned randomly to 2 groups (n=15 per group) and given either an intravaginal letrozole-releasing device or a blank device for 5 days. Coinciding with expected wave emergence (Day 0), cows in both groups were given 8 doses of 50mg of pFSH (Folltropin; Vetoquinol, Lure, France) IM at 12-h intervals, and PGF2α on Days 3 and 3.5. At the time of the second PGF2α, vaginal devices were removed and paint was applied to the tailhead to facilitate detection of oestrus. On Day 5, cows were given gonadotropin-releasing hormone (100mg gonadorelin) IM and artificially inseminated 12 and 24h later. Ova/embryos were collected by transcervical uterine flush on Day 12. The ovaries were examined by ultrasonography on Day 0, 3.5, 5, 6.5, and 12 to record the follicular and luteal response. Nominal data were compared between groups by t-test and by ANOVA for repeated-measures and are expressed as mean±s.e.m. Binomial data were compared by chi-squared test. The number of follicles at wave emergence did not differ between letrozole and control groups (24.6±3.1 and 26.5±3.3 respectively; P=0.68). There was no treatment effect or treatment×day interaction in the number of follicles >8mm on Day 3.5, 5, and 6.5. Letrozole-treated cows exhibited oestrus later than controls (50.3±1.1h v. 40.7±2.0h after first PGF2α; P<0.001) and had less variance in interval to oestrus (residuals, 3.1±0.48h v. 6.7±0.87 h; P<0.01). The number of CL on Day 6.5 was lower in the letrozole group than in the control group (9.1±1.1v. 12.3±1.1; P=0.05). The proportion of ovulations (number of CL on Day 12 over number of follicles ≥3mm on Day 0) was lower in the letrozole group than in the control group (0.65±0.05v. 0.82±0.08; P=0.02). The total number of ova/embryos collected per cow did not differ between letrozole and control groups (5.0±1.9v. 5.4±1.8; P=0.75), nor did the number of transferable embryos differ (3.0±1.2v. 4.3±1.5; P=0.56). In conclusion, treatment with a letrozole-releasing device during ovarian superstimulation did not improve the superovulatory response or embryo collection rate in mature Holstein cows, but letrozole treatment resulted in more synchronous oestrus, which may be used in the design of a fixed-time AI protocol following superstimulatory treatment in cattle. This research was supported by the Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency.

scholarly journals Sonographic Signs of Adenomyosis in Women with Endometriosis Are Associated with Infertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2355
Author(s):  
Dean Decter ◽  
Nissim Arbib ◽  
Hila Markovitz ◽  
Daniel S. Seidman ◽  
Vered H. Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Control

We compared the prevalence of ultrasound signs of adenomyosis in women with endometriosis who underwent surgery to those who were managed conservatively. This was a retrospective study of women evaluated at a tertiary endometriosis referral center who underwent 2D/3D transvaginal ultrasound. Adenomyosis diagnosis was based on the presence of at least three sonographic signs. The study group subsequently underwent laparoscopic surgery while the control group continued conservative management. Statistical analysis compared the two groups for demographics, symptoms, clinical data, and sonographic findings. The study and control groups included 244 and 158 women, respectively. The presence of any, 3+, or 5+ sonographic signs of adenomyosis was significantly more prevalent in the study group (OR = 1.93–2.7, p < 0.004, 95% CI; 1.24–4.09). After controlling for age, for all findings but linear striations, the OR for having a specific feature was higher in the study group. Women in the study group with ≥ 5 sonographic signs of adenomyosis had more than twice the risk of experiencing infertility (OR = 2.31, p = 0.012, 95% CI; 1.20–4.45). Sonographic signs of adenomyosis are more prevalent in women with symptomatic endometriosis who underwent surgery compared with those who continued conservative management. Women with 5+ findings have a significantly increased risk of infertility. Adenomyosis on ultrasound should be considered in the management decisions regarding these patients.

Cardiovascular parameters in a mixed-sex swine study of severe decompression sickness treated with the emulsified perfluorocarbon Oxycyte

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Mahon ◽  
W. A. Cronin ◽  
M. Bodo ◽  
S. Tirumala ◽  
D. P. Regis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Observation Period

Intravenous perfluorocarbons (PFC) have reduced the effects of decompression sickness (DCS) and improved mortality rates in animal models. However, concerns for the physiological effects of DCS combined with PFC therapy have not been examined in a balanced mixed-sex population. Thirty-two (16 male, 16 female) instrumented and sedated juvenile Yorkshire swine were exposed to 200 feet of seawater (fsw) for 31 min of hyperbaric air. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), cardiac output (CO), and systemic arterial pressure (SAP) were monitored before (control) and after exposure. Animals were randomized to treatment with Oxycyte (5 ml/kg; Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc., Morrisville, NC) vs. saline (control) with 100% oxygen administered upon DCS onset; animals were observed for 90 min. Parameters recorded and analyzed included PAP, CO, and SAP. In all animals PAP began to rise prior to cutis marmorata (CM) onset, the first sign of clinical DCS, generally peaking after CM onset. Female swine, compared with castrated males, had a more rapid onset of CM (7.30 vs. 11.46 min postsurfacing) and earlier onset to maximal PAP (6.41 vs. 9.69 min post-CM onset). Oxycyte therapy was associated with a sustained PAP elevation above controls in both sexes (33.41 vs. 25.78 mmHg). Significant pattern differences in PAP, CO, and SAP were noted between sexes and between therapeutic groups. There were no statistically significant differences in survival or paralysis between the PFC and control groups during the 48-h observation period. In conclusion, Oxycyte therapy for DCS is associated with a prolonged PAP increase in swine. These species and sex differences warrant further exploration.

1997 William J. Stickel Silver Award. The anti-inflammatory action of locally injected ketorolac

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 460-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Brook ◽  
A Boike ◽  
RL Zema ◽  
M Weaver ◽  
P Postak
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Ketorolac Tromethamine ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Control ◽  
Inflammatory Action

Locally injected steroids are used to treat inflammatory conditions, in spite of the complications associated with their use. Ketorolac tromethamine, an injectable nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has not previously been evaluated for treatment of musculoskeletal inflammatory conditions via local administration. Eighty Achilles tendons of rabbits were traumatized in a controlled fashion. At the time of trauma, a single dose of ketorolac (1, 3, or 5 mg/kg) or normal saline was administered peritendinously. Three days later, the tendons were harvested and examined histologically to evaluate the degree of inflammation present in the tissue. No statistically significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups. The authors conclude that locally injected ketorolac does not prevent the onset of an inflammatory process.

Induced development of ovulatory follicles during the early stages of lactation by the administration of LH in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Taya ◽  
S. Sasamoto
Keyword(s):  
Important Determinant ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles ◽  
And Control ◽  
Venous Plasma

ABSTRACT To determine whether failure of follicular maturation during the early stages of lactation in rats is due to inadequate LH stimulation, lactating rats nursing eight pups were injected twice daily for 1–3 days (days 2–5 of lactation) with various doses of ovine LH. Follicular maturation was determined by the ability of the follicles to ovulate in response to 10 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), endogenous oestradiol-17β and inhibin production. Ovulation was not induced in control animals in response to 10 IU hCG given between days 2 and 5 of lactation. On the other hand, an injection of 10 IU hCG could induce ovulation in LH-treated animals, in which 25 and 50 μg LH per injection were given s.c. from days 2 to 5 of lactation. Concentrations of oestradiol-17β and inhibin activity in ovarian venous plasma increased progressively after the administration of LH, indicating that induced development of ovulatory follicles had occurred. Plasma concentrations of FSH declined in LH-treated animals compared with those in control animals. The decrease in plasma concentrations of FSH was not observed when lactating rats were ovariectomized before the first injection of LH, indicating that ovarian products, probably inhibin, from developing follicles may suppress the secretion of FSH from the pituitary gland. In both LH-treated and control animals, concentrations of prolactin and progesterone remained increased during the period of LH administration. The present results, therefore, suggest that the plasma levels of LH are an important determinant of follicular maturation during lactation in rats. J. Endocr. (1988) 116, 115–122

Influencing Associative Thinking and Imagery in Emotionally Disturbed Children

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonore Loeb Adler ◽  
Pearl H. Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Emotionally Disturbed ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Graphic Representations ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
And Control ◽  
Emotionally Disturbed Children

The present study with 105 emotionally disturbed children was a replication of a previous “Fruit-Tree Experiment” with normal children and investigated the influence exerted by an unfamiliar story on the content of drawings. A counterbalanced design was used for two series spaced 1 yr. apart of three picture drawing sessions each. Before the second drawing session a short and novel story was read to the children. Half of the children in the experimental and control groups were simultaneously shown a pertinent picture to the story, while the other half of the children did not receive any visual aid. The results showed that the simultaneous presentation of pertinent pictures with the stories did not seem to have any effect on the responses. However, the children in this study responded very much like the normal children. The present “Fruit-Tree Experiment” showed in the graphic representations by emotionally disturbed children that changes in thought associations and imagery occurred, due to their brief exposure to an unfamiliar story.

scholarly journals Sublingual Misoprostol Versus Manual Vacuum Aspiration for Treatment of Incomplete Abortion in Nigeria: A Randomized Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Chinedu Ani ◽  
Enebe J. Tochukwu ◽  
Cyril Chukwudi Dim ◽  
Ngozi Regina Dim ◽  
Benjamin Chukwuma Ozumba
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Satisfaction ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
Sublingual Misoprostol ◽  
Manual Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
Misoprostol Group ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of single-dose sublingual misoprostol to manual vacuum aspiration in the treatment of incomplete spontaneous abortion in Enugu, Nigeria.Design: Multi-centre randomized controlled trialSetting: A teaching hospital, the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu and a private specialist hospital, Julius Memorial Specialist Hospital Enugu, Nigeria were used for the studyParticipants: In all, 212 consecutive consenting women with sonologically confirmed, first-trimester incomplete spontaneous abortion at the gynaecological emergency departments of the study centers were recruited but, 203 women completed the study and their results analysed.Intervention: Single-dose of sublingual misoprostol 400mcg with the participant followed-up at the gynecology clinic one week after with an ultrasound scan for the completeness of the uterine evacuation. Main outcomes measures: The primary outcome measure was the incidence of complete uterine evacuation (complete abortion) after one week of treatment while the secondary outcome measures included incidence, types, and tolerability of treatment side effects as well as participants’ satisfaction with the treatment receivedResults: Two hundred and three eligible women were randomised into the intervention group (n = 102) that received single-dose sublingual misoprostol 400mcg and the control group (n = 101) that received manual vacuum aspiration. Incidence of complete abortion was 86.3% for the misoprostol group and 100.0% for the control group, RR = 0.86, (CI 95%: 0.80 - 0.93), p <0.001. The most common side effect was abdominal pain with an incidence of 27.5% versus 48.55 for the misoprostol and control groups respectively (p = 0.002). Most participants in each group (81.1% versus 77.6% for the misoprostol and control groups respectively) considered the side effects as tolerable. The mean visual analogue scale score for maternal satisfaction was higher in the misoprostol group (86.7 ± 14.11) than the control group (81.36 ± 11.10), p < 0.001. Conclusions: The treatment of incomplete spontaneous abortion with single-dose sublingual misoprostol 400mcg produced a high rate of complete abortion among women in Enugu, Nigeria. Despite having a lower complete abortion rate, maternal satisfaction was higher when compared with women that had manual vacuum aspiration of the uterus. Trial registration: Trial registration number - PACTR202009857889210, date of registration - 23 September 2020. Retrospectively registered

3D Animated Movies, Touch Screen Applications and Visual Motor Development of Five-Year-Old Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seçil Yücelyiğit ◽  
Neriman Aral
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Interactive Applications ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research Show

This study is implemented to investigate the effects of 3D animated movies and interactive applications on visual motor development of five year old children. The research has been performed in pretest-posttest-permanence test, experimental pattern with control group. For four months, every fifteen day experimental groups (24 children) watched eight episodes of 3D animated movies; 12 of them performed the interactive applications with computer while the other 12 performed the same applications with worksheets. 14 children in control group engaged merely their preschool education. Test of Visual Motor Skills-3 was used to collect and evaluate the visual motor skills of children. Since the data of the research was not distributed normally, non-parametric Kruskal Wallis, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that the visual motor skills of children who engaged the study in both test and control groups, had improved significantly.

Questioning Conclusions on Prenatal Nutritional Supplementation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
John E. Strawbridge
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Supplement Group ◽  
And Control

Rush, Stein, and Susser1 tell us that pregnant women receiving a high protein supplement were more likely to deliver prematurely than those receiving a complement (balanced calories and protein). Furthermore, they claim that these premature babies were significantly lower in birth weight than the premature babies of the complement and control groups. However, there was no statistically greater incidence of premature births in the supplement group than in the other two groups combined, nor were there significantly more perinatal deaths.

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