scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR TREATMENTS OF TOMATO PLANTS WITH MICROELEMENTS ON ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE INFESTATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
Udalova ◽  
Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

Selenium (Se), silicon (Si) and nickel (Ni) are essential microelements in plants. Their deficiency can have a significant impact on the growth and development of plants, and on nematode infestation. The study of the possibility of regulating the interaction of plants with root-knot nematode by means of exogenous foliar treatments with solutions of nanosized Se, Si and Ni has been conducted. Susceptible tomato plants were treated in the seed phase and the growing plants were sprayed with aqueous solutions of nanosized microelements (Se – 0.6; Ni – 0.1; Si – 2 mg/l). The influence of treatments on the infestation of tomatoes by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, as well as on the development of plants and the quantitative and qualitative composition of photosynthetic pigments, as the most sensitive indicator of the pathological state of plants, was studied. A decrease in the infestation of tomatoes with a nematode in the Se<Si<Ni series is shown. The treated plants were dominated by larvae. An increase in the entire pool of photosynthetic pigments or individual pigments was observed when treated with nanosized microelements. The greatest effect on the infestation of the root system, the development of nematodes and the content of photosynthetic pigments was obtained when plants were treated with nanosized nickel. It is obvious that these elements have an individual metabolic effect on plant tissues, but it is obvious that they have a beneficial effect on tomato plants, which allows us to consider them as inductors that increase resistance to root-knot nematode.

scholarly journals Effect of salicylic acid on the oxidative and photosynthetic processes in plants tomatoes by invasion with root-knot nematode Meloidogyne Incognita (Kofoid et White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-681
Author(s):  
Zh. V. Udalova ◽  
S. V. Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

A study of the processes of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the peroxidase enzyme, as well as photosynthetic pigments in susceptible tomato plants treated with salicylic acid (SA), during infection with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. It was shown that in the roots of SA-treated plants, the activity of lipid peroxidation is higher compared to untreated ones, especially in the case of nematode invasion. A significant increase in the activity of lipid peroxidation in SA-treated invasive plants compared with untreated was noted during the transition of larvae to the sedimentary stage and the beginning of the formation of feeding places - giant cells (3-5 days after invasion). This, apparently, contributes to the inhibition of the development of the parasite and the reduction of plant infection, and also indicates the involvement of oxidative processes in the mechanism of the induced resistance of plants to root-knot nematodes. In the SA-treated plants, the qualitative and quantitative composition of photosynthetic pigments, disturbed by invasion, was restored and corresponded to the control level.

scholarly journals Systemically Induced Resistance and Microbial Competitive Exclusion: Implications on Biological Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martinuz ◽  
A. Schouten ◽  
R. A. Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Induce Resistance

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is among the most damaging agricultural pests, particularly to tomato. The mutualistic endophytes Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo162 (Fo162) and Rhizobium etli strain G12 (G12) have been shown to systemically induce resistance toward M. incognita. By using triple-split-root tomato plants, spatially separated but simultaneous inoculation of both endophytes did not lead to additive reductions in M. incognita infection. More importantly, spatially separated inoculation of Fo162 and G12 led to a reduction in Fo162 root colonization of 35 and 39% when G12 was inoculated on a separate root section of the same plant in two independent experiments. In an additional split-root experiment, spatial separation of Fo162 and G12 resulted in a reduction of Fo162 root colonization of approximately 50% over the water controls in two independent experiments. The results suggested that the suppressive activity of G12 on Fo162 and M. incognita is possibly related to the induction of specific plant defense mechanisms. Thus, although Fo162 and G12 have the ability to systemically repress M. incognita infection in tomato, they can be considered incompatible biocontrol agents when both organisms are present simultaneously on the same root system.

scholarly journals Multiyear Evaluation of the Durability of the Resistance Conferred by Ma and RMia Genes to Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus Under Controlled Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Khallouk ◽  
Roger Voisin ◽  
Ulysse Portier ◽  
Joël Polidori ◽  
Cyril Van Ghelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
R Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Resistance Breakdown ◽  
Susceptible Tomato ◽  
Prunus Spp

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly polyphagous pests that parasitize Prunus crops in Mediterranean climates. Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees increases the risk of resistance breakdown. The Ma plum resistance (R) gene, with a complete spectrum, and the RMia peach R gene, with a more restricted spectrum, both provide total control of Meloidogyne incognita, the model parthenogenetic species of the genus and the most important RKN in terms of economic losses. We investigated the durability of the resistance to this nematode conferred by these genes, comparing the results obtained with those for the tomato Mi-1 reference gene. In multiyear experiments, we applied a high and continuous nematode inoculum pressure by cultivating nematode-infested susceptible tomato plants with either Prunus accessions carrying Ma or RMia R genes, or with resistant tomato plants carrying the Mi-1 gene. Suitable conditions for Prunus development were achieved by carrying out the studies in a glasshouse, in controlled conditions allowing a short winter leaf fall and dormancy. We first assessed the plum accession ‘P.2175’, which is heterozygous for the Ma gene, in two successive 2-year evaluations, for resistance to two M. incognita isolates. Whatever the isolate used, no nematodes reproducing on P.2175 were detected, whereas galls and nematodes reproducing on tomato plants carrying Mi-1 were observed. In a second experiment with the most aggressive isolate, interspecific full-sib material (P.2175 × [‘Garfi’ almond × ‘Nemared’ peach]), carrying either Ma or RMia (from Nemared) or both (in the heterozygous state) or neither of these genes, was evaluated for 4 years. No virulent nematodes developed on Prunus spp. carrying R genes, whereas galling and virulent individuals were observed on Mi-1-resistant tomato plants. Thus, the resistance to M. incognita conferred by Ma in Prunus material in both a pure-plum and an interspecific genetic background, or by RMia in an interspecific background, appears to be durable, highlighting the value of these two genes for the creation of Prunus rootstock material.

scholarly journals Secondary metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria against the Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne sp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vina Maulidia ◽  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Syamsuddin Syamsuddin ◽  
Khairan Khairan ◽  
Takahiro Hamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Meloidogyne Sp

Abstract. Maulidia V, Soesanto L, Syamsuddin, Khairan K, Hamaguchi T, Hasegawa K, Sriwati R. 2020. Secondary metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria against the Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne sp.). Biodiversitas 21: 5270-5275. Endophytic bacteria live and colonize in plant tissues without causing disease to their plant host. Among several processes, these bacteria can produce secondary metabolites that can help in the defense of plant host against pathogens. This study aimed to identify endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents against Meloidogyne sp. in tomato plants. Six endophytic bacteria candidates from the genus Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, and Serratia were isolated from Solanum Lycopersicum, Psidium guajava, Pinus merkusii, Dendrocalamus asper, Albizia chinensis, and Theobroma cacao L, respectively. The average mortality of Meloidogyne sp. by endophytic bacteria was 70,27% to 95,46%. From these, B. thuringiensis AK08 produced compounds of the secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, phenol, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and alkaloids. The best result of the average incubation period, number of galls in the root, number of nematodes at the root, and the number of nematodes in the soil on tomato plant were shown by B. thuringiensis. The major compounds in GC-MS analysis of B. thuringiensis were cholest-5-en-3-ol (3.beta.)-carbonochloridate (25.35%). Bacillus thuringiensis not only has rules as bio-insecticide but also has nematicidal effect.

Comparison of host recognition, invasion, development and reproduction of Meloidogyne graminicola and M. incognita on rice and tomato

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar K. Dutta ◽  
Stephen J. Powers ◽  
Brian R. Kerry ◽  
Hari S. Gaur ◽  
Rosane H.C. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Tomato Roots

AbstractThe rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola normally infects rice, wheat and several other graminaceous plants. Meloidogyne incognita is a serious pest of dicotyledonous crops, although it can infect and reproduce on some cereals. This paper demonstrates and compares host recognition, development and reproduction of these two species of root-knot nematodes on rice and tomato plants. Attraction bioassays in pluronic gel clearly showed that M. incognita preferred tomato roots to rice or mustard roots, whilst M. graminicola was more attracted towards rice compared with tomato or mustard roots. Based on the attraction data from this study, it can be hypothesised that either: i) the blend of attractants and repellents are different in good and poor hosts; or ii) relatively long-range attractants, together with shorter-range repellents, might affect nematode movement patterns. Some host specific attractants might also be involved. Meloidogyne incognita was able to invade and develop to adult female but did not produce eggs in rice roots. By contrast, M. graminicola developed and reproduced faster on both rice and tomato plants compared with M. incognita. Nevertheless, second-stage juveniles of both these root-knot nematodes showed a similar pattern of distribution inside the roots, preferring to accumulate at the root tips of rice or in the vascular cylinder and cortical region of tomato.

Usage of green manure plants as cover-crops in controlling root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) on tomato, Lyco-persicon esculentum (Mill.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
L. D. Amarasinghe ◽  
N. W. Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Plant Parts

This study was conducted to determine the nematicidal effect of aqueous extractions of dry plant materials, Tithonia diversifolia, Gliricidia sepium and Tagetes erecta on juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) and to determine the effect of dry leaves of wild sunflower, dry leaves of Gliri-cidia, and dry plant parts of marigold as cover crops on the growth of potted tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) infested with M. incognita. Nemati-cidal effect of aqueous extracts of T. diversifolia, G. sepium and T. erecta (20 g/ 100 mL w/v) were evaluated at 0.05 g/mL, 0.1 g/mL and 0.2 g/mL concentrations in the laboratory bioassay. Results revealed that 0.1 g/ mL and 0.2 g/ mL concentration of T. erecta and 0.2 g/mL concentration of T. diversifolia were very effective in juvenile mortality by over 50% within 48 hours com-pared to other treatments. T. erecta plant parts were the most effective causing above 70% juvenile mortality in 48 hours. M. incognita infested potted tomato plants supplement with dry plant parts of Marigold (2% w/w) showed; significantly higher number of green leaves (P=0.000, F=10.95); significantly lower number of yellow leaves (P=0.001, F=6.78); significantly high-er plant height (P=0.000, F=8.90), stem diameter (P=0.000, F=11.83), root length (P=0.000, F=14.71) and root weight (P=0.000, F=15.08); significantly lower number of root galls (P=0.000, F=116.74), gall index (P=0.000, F=95.80) and significantly lower population of M. incognita in soil (P=0.000, F=24.78) compared to other treatments. This study concludes that addition of botani-cals as cover crops enhanced plant growth and significantly reduced root-knot infestation in tomato plants.

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