scholarly journals ALARIOSIS OF CARNIVOROUS ANIMALS IN CENTRAL RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Andreyanov

The spread of alariosis of fishing animals of Central Russia was clarified and a circle of host agents among mammals was identified. The material for the study was the arcasses of trade animals. The period of work was 2018–2020. Animals were studied according to the method of complete helminthological study on K.I. Skryabin (1928). The tissue form of alariosis was examined by trichinelloscopic methods. During the reporting period, 107 heads of carnivorous animals (of which 27 heads (25.2%) are considered stray domestic) extracted in the territory of the Ryazan, Vladimir and Moscow regions. Of the Canidae family, 54 heads have undergone helminthological examination (29 foxes, 17 domestic dogs, 7 raccoon dogs, and 1 wolf). Of the cat (Felidae), 11 heads have been studied (domestic cats – 10, lynx – 1). Martens animals (Mustelinae) have been studied 42 heads (forest мartens – 19, stone мartens – 6, river otter – 4, ermines – 7, badgers – 2, аmerican mink – 4). Adult trematodes have been identified in 37 carnivorous animals (34.6%) in the thin part of the intestine. Canidae animals representing trade species (fox, raccoon dog, wolf) are 100% infected with the agent of alariosis. The intensity invasion of fox was 4–250 copies per head, raccoon dogs – 11–284, wolf – 84. The larval form of the agent was recorded in one fox (3.5%), 2 forest мartens (10.5%) and one аmerican mink (25.0%). Mesocercaries of trematodes were localized in a transparent capsule in lung parenchyma, in diaphragm muscle tissue, in esophageal muscle tissue.

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Andreyanov

Over the past 5 years, research has been carried out in natural biocenosis on the stone marten (Martes foina) infected with the pathogen of trichinellosis in Central Russia. Biological material for research was collected in hunting farms, reserves and "green zones" of the Central Region of Russia (the Vladimir, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Tula, Ryazan, Oryol and Bryansk regions) during the opening of amateur sports hunting for fur animals from 2017 to 2021. Diagnostics and isolation of helminth larvae from animal muscle tissue samples were performed by the compressor trichinelloscopy and digestion in artificial gastric juice. The degree of host invasion with helminth and invasion intensity were determined. A total of 35 animals were studied. As a result of studies, the infection rate of helminthozoonosis in animals was from 8.3 to 40.0%. The intensity of invasion was recorded between 2 and 39 larvae in 1 g of diaphragm muscle tissue. Trichinella invasion among martens was observed equally in both males and females. The largest percentage of the invasive form of the helminthiasis pathogen occurred in animals older than 2 years. The adverse situation of helminthozoonosis among fur animals was noted in the Ryazan region.


2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Sevgi Gunes ◽  
Belgin Buyukakilli ◽  
Selma Yaman ◽  
Cagatay Han Turkseven ◽  
Ebru Ballı ◽  
...  

The aim of the present study was to systematically investigate the effects of chronic exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on electrophysiological, histological and biochemical properties of the diaphragm muscle in rats. Twenty-nine newly weaned (24 days old, 23–80 g) female ( n = 15) and male ( n = 14) Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the electromagnetic field (EMF) group. The control group was also randomly divided into two groups: the control female group and the control male group. The EMF exposure group was also randomly divided into two groups: the ELF-EMF female group and the ELF-EMF male group. The rats in the ELF-EMF groups were exposed for 4 h daily for up to 7 months to 50 Hz frequency, 1.5 mT magnetic flux density. Under these experimental conditions, electrophysiological parameters (muscle bioelectrical activity parameters: intracellular action potential and resting membrane potential and muscle mechanical activity parameter: force–frequency relationship), biochemical parameters (Na+, K+, Cl− and Ca+2 levels in the blood serum of rats; Na+-K+ ATPase enzyme-specific activities in muscle tissue; and free radical metabolism in both muscle tissue and serum) and transmission electron microscopic morphometric parameters of the diaphragm muscle were determined. We found that chronic exposure to ELF-EMF had no significant effect on the histological structure and mechanical activity of the muscle and on the majority of muscle bioelectrical activity parameters, with the exception of some parameters of muscle bioelectrical activity. However, the changes in some bioelectrical activity parameters were relatively small and unlikely to be clinically relevant.


2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samanta Portão de Carlos ◽  
Alexandre Simões Dias ◽  
Luiz Alberto Forgiarini Júnior ◽  
Patrícia Damiani Patricio ◽  
Thaise Graciano ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate oxidative damage (lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [TBARS], and carbonylation) and inflammation (expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin [p-AMPK and p-mTOR, respectively]) in the lung parenchyma and diaphragm muscles of male C57BL-6 mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 7, 15, 30, 45, or 60 days. METHODS: Thirty-six male C57BL-6 mice were divided into six groups (n = 6/group): a control group; and five groups exposed to CS for 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with control mice, CS-exposed mice presented lower body weights at 30 days. In CS-exposed mice (compared with control mice), the greatest differences (increases) in TBARS levels were observed on day 7 in diaphragm-muscle, compared with day 45 in lung tissue; the greatest differences (increases) in carbonyl levels were observed on day 7 in both tissue types; and sulfhydryl levels were lower, in both tissue types, at all time points. In lung tissue and diaphragm muscle, p-AMPK expression exhibited behavior similar to that of TBARS. Expression of p-mTOR was higher than the control value on days 7 and 15 in lung tissue, as it was on day 45 in diaphragm muscle. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that CS exposure produces oxidative damage, not only in lung tissue but also (primarily) in muscle tissue, having an additional effect on respiratory muscle, as is frequently observed in smokers with COPD.


Author(s):  
N.S. Konoval

The issue on estimating the time of death coming still remains a challenge that requires a lot of questions to be answered, therefore, the development of new scientific methods aimed at overcoming these difficulties is a top priority in solving the problem of estimating the time of death coming. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural and biochemical changes in the muscle tissue of the diaphragm in the early post-mortem period. The muscular tissue samples of the diaphragm just below the lungs taken from 30 human corpses in the early post-mortem period (in time intervals of 3-13 hours from the onset of death) were investigated. We studied structural and biochemical markers in the homogenates of the muscles of the diaphragm: the content of glycogen, acid phosphatase, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, lipofuscin, and cholinesterase. It was found out that in the early post-mortem period structural and biochemical changes in the muscle tissue of the diaphragm are characterized by regular morphological biochemical and biophysical changes. In particular, the post-mortem dynamic changes in glycogen, acid phosphatase and lipofuscin levels is most significant; i.e. within the time interval of 3–9 hours from the time of death coming, the assessment of the “cholinesterase / glycogen or acidic phosphatase / glycogen” ratio is the most diagnostically valuable, then after 9 hours the only “cholinesterase / glycogen” ratio is meaningful. The content of glycogen in the homogenates of the diaphragm muscle tissue depending on the time of death coming ranged from (4.765 ± 0.058) mg / g in 3 hours, to (1.883 ± 0.027) mg / g in 13 hours after the death coming, reliably ( p <0.001) differing in time intervals. The inverse pattern was characterized by the acid phosphatase content: (2.748 ± 0.019) u / g in 3 hours and (4.49 ± 0.032) u / g in 13 hours. These markers are the most significant to demonstrate the patterns and can be used as critically important signs in forensic diagnosis.


2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (14) ◽  
pp. 6549-6555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changfeng Gong ◽  
Lei Hou ◽  
Yabin Zhu ◽  
Jingjing Lv ◽  
Yuxin Liu ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. S233-S233
Author(s):  
Rishi Naik ◽  
Anne Gershon ◽  
Tina Higginbotham ◽  
Michael Gershon ◽  
Jason Chen ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
L. Pilip ◽  
O. Byakova

Rabies is a particularly dangerous deadly viral disease. The disease is transmitted through bites and saliva of domestic and wild carnivores. At risk is a person. On the territory of the Kirov region, the disease has been registered since 1991. The increase in the frequency of registering cases of rabies has been observed since 2013. The presence of foci in the neighboring regions of the Kirov region contributes to the unfavorable situation. For 2018, the Komi Republic and the Vologda Region are prosperous adjacent to the region. An increase in the number of cases of rabies was noted in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Nizhny Novgorod region. Most often rabies is recorded in wild animals (foxes, raccoon dogs), but cases of rabies in domestic (cats, dogs) and agricultural (cow, goat) animals are detected every year. For epizootic wellbeing, it is necessary to conduct routine vaccinations to ensure the protection of the person. The number of vaccinated domestic and farm animals increases annually. Compulsory vaccinations are cattle and small cattle, horses, pigs, dogs and cats. For wild animals, a vaccine for oral immunization of wild carnivorous animals against rabies is used, which is spread out three times a year. Before immunization, the number of wild carnivores is regulated to ensure their removal to 70. Key words: rabies, Kirov region, bite, dogs, foxes, raccoon dog, vaccination, natural focal disease.Бешенство, являясь особо опасным смертельным вирусным заболеванием, передается через укусы и слюну домашних и диких плотоядных животных. В группе риска находится человек. На территории РФ в 2018 году отмечено увеличение количества случаев бешенства в 1,24 раза по сравнению с 2017 годом. На территории Кировской области заболевание регистрируется с 1991 года. Увеличение частоты регистрации случаев бешенства наблюдается с 2013 года. В 2018 году произошло уменьшение числа зарегистрированных случаев в 4,33 и 4,47 раза по сравнению с 2017 и 2016 годами соответственно. В 2019 году в КО зарегистрированы бешенство у коровы, лисицы, собаки. Способствует стабильно неблагополучной ситуации наличие очагов в соседних с Кировской областью регионах и миграция диких животных. На 2018 год благополучными соседними с областью являются республика Коми и Вологодская область. Рост количества случаев бешенства отмечен в Республике Татарстан и Нижегородской области. Наиболее часто бешенство регистрируется у диких животных от 77 до 87 (лисы, енотовидные собаки), однако ежегодно выявляются случаи бешенства у домашних (кошки, собаки) и сельскохозяйственных (корова, коза) животных от 12 до 23. Для эпизоотического благополучия проводятся плановые вакцинации животных. В 2018 году в КО отмечено снижение количества провакцинированных домашних и сельскохозяйственных животных в 1,1 раза. Обязательной вакцинации подвергаются крупный и мелкий рогатый скот, лошади, свиньи, собаки и кошки. Для диких животных используется вакцина против бешенства для оральной иммунизации диких плотоядных животных, раскладываемая трижды в год. Перед иммунизацией проводится регулирование численности диких плотоядных с обеспечением их изъятия до 70. В период с 20122017 гг. в РФ из числа погибших от бешенства людей 70 не обращались за антирабической помощью, а 10 прервали антирабическое лечение. Последний официальный случай заболевания бешенством у человека в Кировской области был зарегистрирован в мае 1996 года.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Durhan ◽  
Aziz Anıl Tan ◽  
Selin Ardalı Düzgün ◽  
Selçuk Akkaya ◽  
Orhan Macit Arıyürek

Abstract Hydatid cyst caused by the larval form of Echinococcus is a worldwide zoonosis. The lungs and liver are the most common sites involved. While the lung parenchyma is the most common site within the thorax, it may develop in any extrapulmonary region including the pleural cavity, fissures, mediastinum, heart, vascular structures, chest wall, and diaphragm. Imaging plays a pivotal role not only in the diagnosis of hydatid cyst, but also in the visualization of the extent of involvement and complications. The aim of this pictorial review was to comprehensively describe the imaging findings of thoracic hydatid cyst including pulmonary and very unusual extrapulmonary involvements. An outline is also given for the findings of complications and differential diagnosis of thoracic hydatid cyst.


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