scholarly journals Development of screening technique for artificial creation of false smut in rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Yesmin Kaur ◽  
J. S. Lore ◽  
P. P. S. Pannu
Keyword(s):  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Spray Inoculation ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
False Smut

False smut (Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi) of rice is an emerging disease and a potential threat to rice growers in different countries due to reduction in yield, quality and production of mycotoxins. Development and cultivation of resistant varieties is desirable approach for its management. Different inoculation techniques viz. spray inoculation, syringe inoculation and dusting method were evaluated for creating artificial epiphytotic conditions in susceptible variety PR116 under natural as well as artificially provided humidity conditions. Spray inoculation method produced more number of smut balls per plant (3.21) and per cent infected panicles (33.44%) followed by syringe inoculation (2.00 and 26.57%, respectively) and dusting method (0.33 and 6.67%, respectively). However, syringe inoculation method produced more spikelet sterility (14.82%) in rice panicles. More disease occurrence was reported in plants provided with artificial humidity after inoculations (51.12% infected panicles) than the plants grown under natural conditions (13.33% infected panicles). Late transplanted crop developed higher disease severity (18.17% infected panicles and 3.34 smut balls/plant) which might be attributed by slight decrease in temperature and increase in relative humidity conditions (up to 88% RH) at time of infection from boot to early flowering stage of the rice crop.

scholarly journals Development of a single uredinium inoculation method for Puccinia kuehnii, the causal agent of sugarcane orange rust

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lis Natali Rodrigues Porto ◽  
Alfredo Seiiti Urashima
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Puccinia Kuehnii ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Injured Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ideal Method

ABSTRACT The use of resistant varieties is the ideal method to control rusts. Nevertheless, knowing the pathogen’s diversity is fundamental to the success of this measure. Diversity can be analyzed phenotypically and/or genotypically. For phenotypic diversity, the reaction of genotypes is assessed by means of inoculations of the pathogen generally obtained from several uredinia. One handicap of this technique is its impossibility to detect diversity among these uredinia, assuming that they are all homogenous. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a single uredinium technique for Puccinia kuehnii to be used in studies of rust diversity in sugarcane. The comparison between the two inoculation methods was done by employing urediniospores from SP89-1115 on the varieties SP89-1115 (susceptible) and RB975201 (resistant). The adopted design was completely randomized with five and seven replicates, respectively, examining incubation, latency, disease score, and injured area at 14 and 21 days. The two inoculation techniques were significantly equal for the susceptible variety, considering all evaluated parameters. For the resistant genotype, a significant difference was identified in the injured area and such difference did not interfere in the classification of the reaction of the material since values were below 1%. The single uredinium technique developed in this study showed to be reliable since the genotypic profile of the inoculated fungus was similar to that of pathogens from the produced lesions.

scholarly journals Research on Advance of Rice False Smut Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah Worldwide: IV. Identification of Rice Resistance to RFS, Management and Prospection of RFS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwen Huang ◽  
Lianmeng Liu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Yuxuan Hou
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Rice False Smut ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Emergency Measure ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Inoculation Time ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Technological issues in identification of rice resistance were discussed in this part, including inoculum and its preparation, inoculation concentration of inoculum, inoculation time and method. It is very difficult to control RFS, RFS can only prevent but not cure, i.e., to control the RFS only spray fungicides before symptomatic appearance (rice smut balls appeared) can achieve better control efficiency, while once the smut ball appeared it could not be controlled even the concentration of fungicides increase several times, or spraying multiple times. Therefore, in order to achieve better control efficiency to RFS, integratd control measures need to be adopted. The integratd control measures including agricultural control, rice resistant varieties application, cultivation techniques, fertilization and water management, and fungicides application is the last approach and emergency measure for controlling RFS.

Screening and management of false smut disease in rice-A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bharani Deepan ◽  
N. Tanuja ◽  
K. S. Kavanashree ◽  
A. Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
The World ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Heavy Application

False smut of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke), increasing concern in majority of rice growing areas around the world as epidemics have been reported lately. The fungus completely converts the grains into spore balls, unfit for consumption and seed production. With the increase in disease, yield loss and disease severity is accentuating. The QTLs responsible for the false smut resistance to be identified and consistent inheritability of these QTLs have to be evaluated using marker assisted selection. Due to heavy application of nitrogenous fertilizers the disease aggravates, proper management strategies needed to be framed to control the false smut disease. Progress in achieving the resistance varieties and management of false smut needs more emphasis. This review summarizes the present status in the screening of resistant varieties and management of false smut in rice.

Establishment of an Artificial Inoculation Method of Ustilaginoidea virens without Damaging the Rice Panicle Sheaths

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Hu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Rongyu Li ◽  
Xiaomao Wu ◽  
Xiubing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Young Panicle ◽  
False Smut ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sheath Structure

Rice false smut (RFS) is a destructive disease of rice worldwide caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. There is a lack of efficient and stable artificial inoculation method to simulate the natural infection of U. virens, which is an important factor limiting further research on the disease. The purpose of this study was to establish an artificial inoculation method, which can simulate the natural infection process of U. virens without destroying the panicle sheath structure of rice. In this research, rice plants were inoculated by soaking roots at the seedling stage, spraying at the tillering stage, injecting at the booting stage, and again spraying at the flowering stage to determine the appropriate artificial inoculation time. The panicle sheath instillation method and injection inoculation method were compared. The results show that stages 6 to 8 of young panicle differentiation are an important period for U. virens infection. There were no significant differences in the mean rates of infected panicles, mean rates of infected grains, and maximum infected grains per panicle between the two inoculation methods. However, the frequency of RFS ball occurrence at the upper part of the panicles was significantly higher on the spikelets inoculated by the injection method than that of spikelets inoculated by natural infection and panicle sheath instillation. Therefore, panicle sheath instillation method was more similar to the natural infection of U. virens in the field. This research exhibited an innovative artificial inoculation method for identification of U. virens pathogenicity and evaluation of rice resistance against RFS.

scholarly journals A novel transcription factor UvCGBP1 regulates development and virulence of rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens

Virulence ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1563-1579
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Chen ◽  
Pingping Li ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Xiaolin Chen ◽  
Junbin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Smut Fungus ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Rice False Smut ◽  
False Smut

scholarly journals Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Function of the Putative Ester Cyclase UvEC1 in the Pathogenicity of the Rice False Smut Fungus Ustilaginoidea virens

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4069
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Chen ◽  
Zhangxin Pei ◽  
Pingping Li ◽  
Xiabing Li ◽  
Yuhang Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Rice False Smut ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Cyclase Domain ◽  
False Smut

Rice false smut is a fungal disease distributed worldwide and caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. In this study, we identified a putative ester cyclase (named as UvEC1) as being significantly upregulated during U. virens infection. UvEC1 contained a SnoaL-like polyketide cyclase domain, but the functions of ketone cyclases such as SnoaL in plant fungal pathogens remain unclear. Deletion of UvEC1 caused defects in vegetative growth and conidiation. UvEC1 was also required for response to hyperosmotic and oxidative stresses and for maintenance of cell wall integrity. Importantly, ΔUvEC1 mutants exhibited reduced virulence. We performed a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis to identify differentially accumulating proteins (DAPs) between the ΔUvEC1-1 mutant and the wild-type isolate HWD-2. Proteomics data revealed that UvEC1 has a variety of effects on metabolism, protein localization, catalytic activity, binding, toxin biosynthesis and the spliceosome. Taken together, our findings suggest that UvEC1 is critical for the development and virulence of U. virens.

The role of Ustilaginoidea virens sclerotia in increasing incidence of rice false smut disease in the subtropical zone in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingli Yong ◽  
Qide Deng ◽  
Linlin Fan ◽  
Jiankun Miao ◽  
Chaohui Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
Rice False Smut ◽  
False Smut

scholarly journals Novel Fungicides for the Management of False Smut Disease of Rice Caused by Ustilaginoidea virens

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2664-2669 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Muniraju ◽  
D. Pramesh ◽  
S.B. Mallesh ◽  
K. Mallikarjun ◽  
G.S. Guruprasad
Keyword(s):  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
False Smut

scholarly journals Insights into the susceptibility of rice to a floral disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Bang Li ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jin-Long Wu ◽  
Xiao-Hong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Fungal Immunity ◽  
Anti Fungal

Crop floral diseases are economically important as they reduce grain yield and quality and even introduce food toxins. Rice false smut has emerged as a serious floral disease producing mycotoxins. However, very little is known on the interaction mechanisms between rice flower and the causal fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. Here we show that a conserved anti-fungal immunity in rice flower is disarmed by U. virens via a secreted protein UvChi1. UvChi1 functioned as an essential virulence factor and directly interacted with the chitin receptor CEBiP and co-receptor CERK1 in rice to disrupt their oligomerizations and subsequent immune responses. Moreover, intraspecific-conserved UvChi1 could target OsCEBiP/OsCERK1 receptor complex in at least 98.5% of 5232 surveyed rice accessions. These results demonstrate that U. virens utilizes a crucial virulence factor to subvert chitin-triggered flower immunity in most rice varieties, providing new insights into the susceptibility of rice to false smut disease.

scholarly journals Environmentally Induced Variability in the Host Reaction of Barley to Net Blotch

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
TN Khan ◽  
WJR Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Resistant Varieties

The host reaction of two Ethiopian and four Manchurian resistant varieties, and one susceptible variety of barley to isolate 177 of Drechslera teres was studied under a range of environmental conditions. The effects were specific to the variety(ies) used, with the exception of the factor of post-inoculation temperature. High post-inoculation temperatures brought about the breakdown of resistance in all the varieties.

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