scholarly journals Woodlot farming by smallholder farmers in Ganderbal district of Kashmir, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 752-759
Author(s):  
Azeem Raja ◽  
M. A. Islam ◽  
T. H. Masoodi ◽  
P. A. Khan ◽  
A. A. Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Growing Stock

Forest degradation and deforestation are serious threats to resource conservation, subsistence livelihoods and rural income diversification. Woodlot farming on farms has been established as a potential option to increase forest resources from agricultural landscapes and remove human pressure from forests. The study investigated the land-use and landholding pattern, woodlots types and species preference and extent of spatial distribution, land allocation and growing stock of woodlots in the Ganderbal district of Kashmir. Multistage random sampling technique was employed to select 349 farm woodlots from 12 sample villages. Secondary sources were used to collect village-level data on land-use and landholding pattern. Primary data concerning the trees were collected through farm woodlot inventories. The data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. Results revealed that the total land area in the sample villages is 888.60 ha; 521.60 ha (58.70%) is cultivated land, which is mostly (80.78%) occupied by 1244 marginal farmers. The prevalent woodlots established were plantations of Populus, Salix, Robinia or mixed species. The farm woodlots (61.59 ha) contributed 11.81% of cultivated land and 6.93% of the total geographical area. The average growing stocks of woodlots were estimated to be 204.05 m3/ha for Populus, 191.77 m3/ha for Salix, 109.51 m3/ha for Robinia and 62.31 m3/ha for Mixed. The findings suggested that woodlot farming is the key alternative for forest resource production, livelihood resilience and socioeconomic improvement; hence, the policy must be implicated towards the promotion of woodlot farming by re-orienting the land use through farmer’s motivation and technical, financial and farming input assistance.

scholarly journals Rethinking Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Based Land Use Systems in Smallholder Farmers Livelihoods: A Case of Kolobo Watershed, West Shewa, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadi Feyisa ◽  
Endalkachew Kissi ◽  
Zerihun Kebebew
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Central Highland ◽  
Land Use System ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractDespite their restriction, smallholder farmers have been continuing growing Eucalyptus globulus in the cultivated land in the central highland of Ethiopia. Literature has shown controversial issues against E. globulus. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the compatibility of E. globulus in the smallholder farmers’ land use system. Soil samples were collected from five different land uses and analysed for selected physical and chemical properties. The socioeconomic contribution of E. globulus was collected through household surveys from 110 households. Analysis of soil showed that organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were significantly higher (P<0.05) under E. globulus compared to the cultivated land. The survey results also showed that the largest proportion (58%) of households was interested in growing E. globulus because of its multiple uses. About 83% of households responded that E. globulus help them to attain food security through increasing the purchasing power of smallholder farmers to buy agricultural inputs and food. This study has substantiated the role of E. globulus in the land use system of smallholder farmers. Most of the soil fertility indicators were better under E. globulus. The present finding reveals that E. globulus degrade the soil seemingly difficult to generalise. Growing E. globulus must be promoted under appealing land use to enhance smallholder farmers’ livelihoods. Removing E. globulus from the land use system may jeopardise the food security situation of many households.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis of the Factors that Affecting Maize Production of Farmers among Smallholders: The Case of Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Murad Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Smallholder Farm

In Ethiopia, maize is the second largest in production areas and first in its productivity but there are high yield gaps between the actual yield currently producing and the potential yield. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify factors that affecting maize production of smallholder farmers at the farm level in the Meta district in the east Hararge zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. A two-stage random sampling technique was employed and a total of 200 smallholder farmers were randomly and proportionally selected to collect primary data. Multiple linear regression models were used to analysis factors that affect maize production among smallholder farmers. The result showed that the production of maize was influenced by several factors. The coefficient provided that as the farmers obtained 1 dollar from non-farm activity, the maize production of farmers increased by 293.2 kg, keeping other factors constant. Thus, the farmers who had money from non-farm sources used as additional income to gain agricultural inputs for maize production and thus generate more maize quantity. The result was pointed out that the size of the cultivated areas of land had a positive influence on the quantity of maize production of farmers. The coefficient entailed that as the size of the cultivated areas of land increased by one hectare, the farmer’s quantity of maize production increased by 140.4 kg by keeping other factors constant. The result was also indicated that other factors being constant, the maize crop production of smallholder farmers of Meta district was decreased by 4 kg as Development Agent’s (DA’s) office distance increased by one minute. The possible explanation was that extension services were a critical source of information on agronomic practices. Therefore, policy makers should encourage the current maize production and supplying improved seed and chemical fertilizer which support to improve smallholder farm households’ welfare by increasing their sources of income.

Workers’ Welfare: A Comparative Study Between Public and Private Industries in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Questionnaire Method

Labour welfare is an umbrella term which includes overall well-being of the worker. Labour welfare facilities are classified by the International Labour Organization (ILO) into two types: intramural labour welfare facilities and extramural labour welfare facilities. In India, several labour legislations have been enacted to provide proper labour welfare facilities to the workers. Factories Act, 1948 is one of most important welfare-related labour legislations in which a number of labour welfare facilities are specified like washing facility, canteen facility, crèches room facility, labour welfare officer, sitting facility, and so on. In this particular study, the researcher chose descriptive research design; sample size of the study is 120 respondents, 60 respondents from each organization were selected by using simple random sampling technique. For data collection, both primary and secondary sources of data were used; as primary data collection, questionnaire method was used. Collected data were analysed in the form of tables and diagrams. Findings of the study are very interesting: some welfare facilities are good in public industry and some are good in private industry.

scholarly journals Determinants of forest land use decisions among rural farm households in south-western Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Ayoade Matthew Adetoye ◽  
Samuel Ayodele Adewuyi ◽  
Dare Akerele
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Land Use Decisions ◽  
Choice Proportion ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Abstract The study examined factors determining forest land use decisions among rural farm households in south-western Nigeria. Primary data on socio-economic and community characteristics as well as land use systems were obtained from 300 farm households using a structured questionnaire through a multistage sampling technique. The study revealed that marital status (P < 0.01), gender (P < 0.01), land tenure security (P < 0.01), dominant crop type (P < 0.05), and preference for tree on farm land (P < 0.01) are factors influencing forest land use decision in either agroforestry, pure cultivation or in both practices. Land use choice proportion estimation shows that 63 % are still willing to retain their existing land use practice (pure cultivation). A total of 32 % are willing to shift completely from their existing land use practice while 4 % of the respondents are willing to practice both “agroforestry and pure cultivation” simultaneously. The study therefore suggests the need for a change in forest land use policy, particularly, with a view influence the pattern of use, limitation on type of crop that can be grown, and compliance to sustainable land use practice. This would go a long way in driving forest land use towards agroforestry – a practice identified as a means of ensuring food security while ensuring safe environment.

scholarly journals Determinants of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulagris L.) Marketed Surplus Among Smallholder Farmers in Humbo and Damot Gale Woredas, Southern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Besufekad Belayneh ◽  
Tewodros Tefera ◽  
Thomas Lemma
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Multi Stage

This research was aimed to study the common bean (Phaseolus vulagris L.) marketed surplus among smallholder farmers in the Humbo and Damot Gale Woredas. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in order to determine the sample respondents. By using simple random sampling technique four sample Kebeles were selected. Cross sectional data were collected from 182 farm households who produced common bean in 2016 production season. Primary data were collected from sample households using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were employed to analyze the data. To identify determinants of marketed surplus of common bean, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model was employed. The study suggest interventions such as intensification strategies which increase yields through proper management and use of inputs, rural infrastructure improvement increases the likelihood of market orientation and marketed surplus of common bean.

scholarly journals Assessment of Smallholder Farmers’ Adaptive Strategies on the Effects of Seasonal Rainfall Variability on Maize Yields in Nyeri County

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. p70
Author(s):  
Lilly N. Kabata ◽  
George L. Makokha ◽  
Kennedy Obiero
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Maize Varieties

Maize is the leading food crop produced in most parts of the world and a staple food crop in Kenya. Majority of the maize farmers are smallholders due to reduced land sizes as a result of land fragmentation. Maize farming is rain-fed making it more vulnerable to rainfall variability. Over the years, the farmers have increased their resilience and adaptive potential through indigenous knowledge so as to cope with the climate related risks. However, the increasing rainfall variability, frequency and more severe shocks likely surpass their current adaptive strategies. The study assessed existing adaptive strategies of the small-holder maize farmers in Kieni East sub-County in Nyeri Couny to the seasonal rainfall variability effects. The research adopted a mixed research design. Data was obtained from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was obtained using household structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive methods and presented using charts and tables. SWOT analysis analyzed several underlying aspects affecting maize farmers in the sub-County. The study found that the farmers have several specific adaptive strategies to the effects of seasonal rainfall variability at their disposal which include but not limited to the use of varieties of maize seeds, seeking training, water harvesting, use of manure and fertilizers. Farmers also respond to rainfall variability by planting maize varieties that are early maturing and drought resistant as well as engaging in alternative farming activities and other economic activities.

scholarly journals Does Information Acquisition Influence the Adoption of Sustainable Land Management Practices? Evidence From Mpumalanga Province South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Samuel Oduniyi ◽  
Sibongile Sylvia Tekana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Bivariate Probit ◽  
Mpumalanga Province

Agricultural information plays a vital role in adopting agricultural technology. The study explored if information acquisition is related to the adoption of sustainable land management practices (SLMP) and jointly decided in Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. Primary data were collected through face-to-face interviews, using a proportionate random sampling technique to get 250 smallholder farmers to participate in the survey. A seemingly unrelated bivariate probit (SUBP) model and a recursive bivariate probit (RBP) model were adopted to examine the objective. The statistical estimation of the SUBP showed that there is a relationship, an empirical association between information acquisition and SLMP; while RBP estimation showed that information acquisition was exogenous in the adoption model; thus, the decision to acquire information and adopt SLMP was not jointly decided. Therefore, the study presents the determinants of information acquisition alongside with the adoption of SLPM. The result from the SUBP model, indicated that the years spent in school; agricultural extension service; the number of extension visits and the years of farming, influenced both information acquisition and the adoption of SLMP. The cost attached positively influenced the adoption of SLMP; while gender, marital status and age only influenced the information acquisition.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Factors Influencing Market Participation among Smallholder Rice Farmers in Magway Region, Central Dry Zone of Myanmar

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyein Kyaw ◽  
Soojung Ahn ◽  
Sang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Dry Zone

Smallholder farmers face numerous constraints that restrict their access to markets and prevent them from taking advantage of market opportunities. This research aimed to examine the factors affecting the market participation of smallholder farmers and find ways to improve the income and livelihood of smallholder farmers, focusing on Myothit Township in Magway Region, Central Dry Zone of Myanmar. For the primary data, we surveyed 150 smallholder rice farmers which were selected using a random sampling technique. Using the Heckman two-stage selection model, we analyzed the factors influencing smallholder rice farmers’ decisions regarding participation in the agricultural market. This study revealed that the decision to participate in the rice market was dependent on different factors such as the household head age, education status, household size, total produce of rice, price of rice, household income, ownership of livestock, membership of farmer organization, access to roads, distance to market, access to extension services, and market information. The results of this study have implications as to what factors need to be addressed to encourage smallholder rice farmers to participate in the market. We suggest that Myanmar government and policymakers need to establish balanced policies for small-scale farmers and manage them in an appropriate way so that agricultural development can be induced, contributing to poverty reduction, food security, and economic development.

scholarly journals Size-class structure of the forests of Finland during 1921–2013: a recovery from centuries of exploitation, guided by forest policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-293
Author(s):  
Helena M. Henttonen ◽  
Pekka Nöjd ◽  
Susanne Suvanto ◽  
Juha Heikkinen ◽  
Harri Mäkinen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Large Trees

AbstractFrequency distributions of tree diameters are a powerful tool for analyzing changes of tree populations in large areas. We analyzed the densities and mean volume estimates of trees in different size classes for the Finnish forests over the time-span of the National Forest Inventories (1921–2013). The results display a general increase in trees in all size classes, species group and geographical area, mainly after the 1970s. The densities of medium- and large-sized conifers showed large increases in the southern boreal subzone, spruces even more than pines. Small- to medium-sized pines have increased in the middle and northern boreal subzones. The shifts in growing stock are related to changing land use, resulting from the development of the society. The low quantities of both growing stock and large trees during the 1920s reflect a poor initial state of forests. Several land use forms of the former agriculture-based society were detrimental to forests, including slash and burn agriculture, cattle grazing and tar production. The pressure from alternative land use forms was stronger in southern Finland, where the population density (people per km2) is much higher. Between 1971 and 2013, the changes in size-class structure can be attributed mainly to intensified silviculture boosted by actions of the Finnish governments, including both legislation and financial support for management activities. Not only the development of growing stock has exceeded expectations, but the increase has also concentrated in the economically valuable trees in the large size classes.

scholarly journals Factors influencing smallholder farmer’s perspective toward sustainable management of pineapple waste

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
N.A. Ruslan ◽  
A.R. Saili
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Additional Income

Malaysia is one of the world major producers of pineapple. This tropical fruit produces a substantial quantity of by-products such as leaf fibres. These fibres are one of the abundantly available waste materials in Malaysia. They are dumped, left decomposed or even burnt. This paper aimed to identify the factors that influence the perspective of smallholder farmers toward sustainable management of pineapple waste. The study was conducted in Johor among 150 pineapple smallholder farmers. The primary data were collected through a face-to-face interview using a questionnaire. This study employed a random sampling technique by applying the proportionate stratified sampling method, where it ensures the presence of key subgroups within the sample. Descriptive and factor analysis was carried out to analyze the gathered data. From the analysis, four factors were extracted, namely, subjective norms, knowledge, perceived behavioral control and agricultural extension and advisory services. The result provided a platform for smallholder farmers to put more concern towards the utilization of pineapple waste as it provides additional income for smallholder farmers, develop a green environment as well as boost economic growth.

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