scholarly journals Increase in intracellular proline content in Anabaena variabilis during stress conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayashree B Syiem ◽  
Natasha A Nongrum
Keyword(s):  
Test Organism ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Anabaena Variabilis ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Proline Concentration

The present study deals with the effects of stress due to varying concentrations of sodium chloride, cadmium, pH and exposure to pesticides on intracellular proline accumulation in Anabaena variabilis in laboratory conditions. The stresses induced due to these changes in their growth media were expressed as decrease in growth (by 40% at pH 5; 30% at 50 mM NaCl; 80% at 50 μM endosulphan and 55% at 10 μM CdSO4) as measured in terms of chlorophyll a concentrations in the test organism. Low pH (5, 6) had stronger negative effect on growththan increasing alkaline pH. The cyanobacterium showed varying degree of susceptibility to increasing salt, cadmium and endosulphan concentrations. Under all these altered conditions, their intracellular proline concentration was found to increase linearly in the test organism with increase in its amount of stress inducing substances in its vicinity. Proline appears to be a stress provoked substance in A. variabilis. However, there seemed to be a breakdown in the proline synthesis mechanism when concentrations of such compounds reached toxic proportions.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SALINE WATER AND POTASH FERTILIZER ON PROLINE CONTENT AND WATER POTENTAL IN PISUM SATIVUM L. (VAR.SENADOR CAMBADOS)

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Filed experiment was conducted to test the effect of saline water and potassium fertilizers rate on proline and water potential of Pisum sativum L. (Var.Senador Cambados ) leaves . Treatments of the experiment included two levels of water salinity( 2, 7 dSm-1) as a main plot and fertilizer rates as a sub plot. Results indicated that irrigation of plant with saline water 7 dSm-1 and fertilization 150 kg/donum increased proline accumulation and water potential 0.31 mmol/g,-17.00 bar at 9 AM morning and 0.62 mmol/g , -21.00 bar at 3 PM afternoon ,Irrigating plant with a 2 dSm-1 and fertilization 300 kg/donum decreased proline accumulation and water potential of leaves 0.22 mmol/g, -16.00 bar at 9 AM and 0.43 mmol/g,-18.00 bar at 3 PM . Irrigation plants with saline water 7 dSm-1 and fertilizer with 150 kg/ Donum K2SO4 increased Root/Shoot to 0.89 ,while 0.41 after irrigation with 2 dSm-1 saline water and fertilization with 300 kg/ Donum K2SO4 . The Na/K ratio increased to 0.53 under 7 dSm-1 of irrigation water and 150 kg/Donum fertilization and decreased to 0.1 under 2 dSm-1 irrigation water and fertilized 300 kg/ Donum . The results lead to the conclusion that potassium fertilization may reduce the inhibitory effect of increasing salinity of irrigation water on pea.

Effect of pH on metabolism of alpha-ketoglutarate by renal cortical mitochondria

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. F120-F126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Tannen ◽  
A. S. Kunin
Keyword(s):  
Low Ph ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Glutamine Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Difference

The effect of acid-base perturbations on mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) metabolism was quantitated by measuring the nitrogen and carbon metabolites of glutamine. alpha-KG metabolized was calculated as the difference between alpha-KG production from glutamine (glutamate deamination plus transamination) and alpha-KG accumulation in the medium. Under all experimental conditions accumulation in the medium of malate plus aspartate was altered similarly to the calculated change in alpha-KG metabolism. Mitochondria from rats with chronic acidosis were compared to pair-fed controls. Chronic acidosis resulted in increased alpha-KG production and its intramitochondrial concentration; the rate of conversion of alpha-KG to succinate was unchanged. When mitochondria from normal animals were incubated at pH 7.0, 7.4, and 7.7, the amount of alpha-KG metabolized was altered, but the magnitude and direction of the response was dependent on the concentration of glutamine (0.5, 1.0, or 5.0 mM). A low pH depressed production but stimulated the subsequent metabolism of alpha-KG, whereas an alkaline pH acted in the opposite fashion. The overall response at a given glutamine concentration depended on which effect predominated. Accordingly, chronic acidosis does not induce adaptive changes, but pH, per se, directly alters intramitochondrial alpha-KG metabolism.

scholarly journals PHR2 of Candida albicans encodes a functional homolog of the pH-regulated gene PHR1 with an inverted pattern of pH-dependent expression.

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 5960-5967 ◽  
Author(s):  
F A Mühlschlegel ◽  
W A Fonzi
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Predicted Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Functional Homolog ◽  
Morphological Defects

Deletion of PHR1, a pH-regulated gene of Candida albicans, results in pH-conditional defects in growth, morphogenesis, and virulence evident at neutral to alkaline pH but absent at acidic pH. Consequently, we searched for a functional homolog of PHR1 active at low pH. This resulted in the isolation of a second pH-regulated gene, designated PHR2. The expression of PHR2 was inversely related to that of PHR1, being repressed at pH values above 6 and progressively induced at more acidic pH values. The predicted amino acid sequence of the PHR2 protein, Phr2p, was 54% identical to that of Phr1p. A PHR2 null mutant exhibited pH-conditional defects in growth and morphogenesis analogous to those of PHR1 mutants but manifest at acid rather than alkaline pH values. Engineered expression of PHR1 at acid pH in a PHR2 mutant strain and PHR2 at alkaline pH in a PHR1 mutant strain complemented the defects in the opposing mutant. Deletion of both PHR1 and PHR2 resulted in a strain with pH-independent, constitutive growth and morphological defects. These results indicate that PHR1 and PHR2 represent a novel pH-balanced system of functional homologs required for C. albicans to adapt to environments of diverse pH.

scholarly journals Generation of fleshings at beamhouse in tannery and its environmental impact assessment: Bangladesh perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Hashem ◽  
MS Nur A Tomal ◽  
BK Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Goat Skin ◽  
Leather Processing ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tanning Process

Leather processing involves the conversion of putrescible hide/skin into imputrescible leather and consequently huge amount of solid waste generated in tanning process. In tannery at beamhouse, fleshing is one of the most indispensable mechanical operations in leather processing where significant amount of solid waste (termed as fleshings) is produced. A work was carried out to estimate the generated fleshing and to assess its environmental impact. In Bangladesh yearly 20.1×103 MT fleshings was generated only from cow hide and goat skin where 10.3×103 MT for cow hide and 9.8×103 MT for goat skin. The generated fleshings are usually kept indiscriminately inside or outside the industrial area as green. In rainy season, all fleshings including other solid wastes are washed away and finally fall in to the river, Buriganga. Fleshings contained alkaline pH (12.3±0.2), fat, proteins, lime and sulphide. Improper management of fleshings has negative effect on human health, air, water, land and plant.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(3), 227-232, 2015

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE GROWTH OF MYXOBACTERIA ON BACTERIAL SUSPENSIONS

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kletter ◽  
Y. Henis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Myxococcus Virescens ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The growth of Myxococcus fulvus and Myxococcus virescens on a number of bacteria was followed in a liquid medium. Multiplication of the myxobacteria was accompanied by their adsorption on the bacterial cells, by their coagglutination, and by their adsorption on the glass surface of the culture flask. Lysis of the agglutinated bacterial cells and release of their proteins to the growth medium took place prior to an increase in the lytic activity of the growth medium towards the tested bacteria. Soluble proteins reached a higher level in media containing Gram-negative than in those containing the Gram-positive organisms. No difference was observed in the multiplication rate, sporulation, or pigmentation of the myxobacteria tested, when grown on either Gram-positive or Gram-negative organisms. Using Staphylococcus aureus as a test organism, no antibiotic activity in any of the growth media could be detected.

Investigation of Cu(II) adsorption from aqueous solutions by NKF-6 zeolite

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhang ◽  
D. Zhao ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
X. J. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Outer Sphere ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Batch Technique ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive Effect

Adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions using NKF-6 zeolite was investigated by batch technique under ambient conditions. The adsorption was investigated as a function of pH, ionic strength, fulvic acid (FA), foreign ions and temperature. The results indicated that the adsorption of Cu(II) on NKF-6 zeolite gradually increases from 0 to 90% with increasing pH at pH<6.5, and maintains high level at pH>6.5. Outer-sphere complexation or ion exchange may be the main adsorption mechanism of Cu(II) to NKF-6 zeolite at low pH values, whereas the adsorption of Cu(II) at pH>6.5 is mainly dominated by inner-sphere complexation or precipitation. A positive effect of FA on Cu(II) adsorption onto NKF-6 zeolite is observed at low pH values, while a negative effect of FA is observed at high pH values. The thermodynamic parameters (i.e., ΔH0, ΔS0 and ΔG0) for the adsorption of Cu(II) were determined from the temperature dependent isotherms at 20, 40 and 60°C, respectively, and the results indicated that the adsorption reaction is favoured at low temperature. The results suggested that the adsorption process of Cu(II) on NKF-6 zeolite is spontaneous and exothermic.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH WATER STRESS IN SWEETPOTATOES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 682d-682
Author(s):  
James Q. Garner ◽  
Thammasak Thongket
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Proline content, leaf water potential (LWP), and leaf diffusive resistance (LDR) were determined for eight sweetpotato genotypes underwater stress conditions. Changes in fatty acid compositions of leaf polar lipids were determined in two sweetpotato genotypes during declining soil moisture. Proline did not accumulate and LWP did not decrease until soil moisture dropped below 10%, but LDR increased as soil moisture decreased. Genotypic differences in proline accumulation and LWP were found. Changes in fatty acid compositions occurred more in glycolipids than in phospholipids. Fatty acid changes were more pronouned in genotype MS20-2 than in “Vardaman”

scholarly journals Effects of low pH and raised temperature on egg production, hatching and metabolic rates of a Mediterranean copepod species (Acartia clausi) under oligotrophic conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ZERVOUDAKI ◽  
C. FRANGOULIS ◽  
L. GIANNOUDI ◽  
E. KRASAKOPOULOU
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Coastal Station ◽  
Acartia Clausi ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Egg Production Rate

This study includes the first information on the combined effect of low pH and raised temperature on egg production rate (EP), hatching success (HS), excretion and respiration of the Mediterranean copepod Acartia clausi. Adult individuals of A. clausi and fresh surface seawater were collected at a coastal station in Saronikos Gulf during April 2012. Four different conditions were applied: two different pH levels (present: 8.09 and future: 7.83) at two temperature values (present: 16°C and present+4 °C= 20°C). EP and HS success decreased significantly over the duration of exposure at future pH at both temperature conditions. However, the analysis of the combined effect of pH, T, chlorophyll α and the duration of the experiments on EP and HS revealed that ocean acidification had no discernible effect, whereas warming; food and the duration of exposure were more significant for the reproductive output of A. clausi. Temperature appeared to have a positive effect on respiration and excretion. Acidification had no clear effect on respiration, but a negative effect on the A. clausi excretion was observed. Acidification and warming resulted in the increase of the excretion rate and the increase was higher than that observed by warming only. Our findings showed that a direct effect of ocean acidification on copepod’s vital rates was not obvious, except maybe in the case of excretion. Therefore, the combination of acidification with the ambient oligotrophic conditions and the warming could result in species being less able to allocate resources for coping with multiple stressors.

scholarly journals Mutations Affecting the Ability of theEscherichia coli UmuD′ Protein To Participate in SOS Mutagenesis

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Ohta ◽  
Mark D. Sutton ◽  
Angelina Guzzo ◽  
Shannon Cole ◽  
Ann E. Ferentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Translesion Synthesis ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
Multicopy Plasmid ◽  
Uv Mutagenesis ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Conserved Residue

The products of the SOS-regulated umuDC operon are required for most UV and chemical mutagenesis in Escherichia coli, a process that results from a translesion synthesis mechanism. The UmuD protein is activated for its role in mutagenesis by a RecA-facilitated autodigestion that removes the N-terminal 24 amino acids. A previous genetic screen for nonmutable umuDmutants had resulted in the isolation of a set of missense mutants that produced UmuD proteins that were deficient in RecA-mediated cleavage (J. R. Battista, T. Ohta, T. Nohmi, W. Sun, and G. C. Walker, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:7190–7194, 1990). To identify elements of the UmuD′ protein necessary for its role in translesion synthesis, we began with umuD′, a modified form of theumuD gene that directly encodes the UmuD′ protein, and obtained missense umuD′ mutants deficient in UV and methyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. The D39G, L40R, and T51I mutations affect residues located at the UmuD′2 homodimer interface and interfere with homodimer formation in vivo. The D75A mutation affects a highly conserved residue located at one end of the central strand in a three-stranded β-sheet and appears to interfere with UmuD′2 homodimer formation indirectly by affecting the structure of the UmuD′ monomer. When expressed from a multicopy plasmid, the L40R umuD′ mutant gene exhibited a dominant negative effect on a chromosomal umuD + gene with respect to UV mutagenesis, suggesting that the mutation has an effect on UmuD′ function that goes beyond its impairment of homodimer formation. The G129D mutation affects a highly conserved residue that lies at the end of the long C-terminal β-strand and results in a mutant UmuD′ protein that exhibits a strongly dominant negative effect on UV mutagenesis in a umuD +strain. The A30V and E35K mutations alter residues in the N-terminal arms of the UmuD′2 homodimer, which are mobile in solution.

scholarly journals Effect of salinity and radiation on proline accumulation in seeds of canola (Brassica napus L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ashrafijou ◽  
S.A. Sadat Noori ◽  
A. Izadi Darbandi ◽  
S. Saghafi
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Winter Rapeseed

Since laser beam may affect plant traits, it was used to enhance accumulation of proline in rapeseed and therefore to improve its tolerance to the salinity stress. This investigation was performed to study the effect of NaCl concentration in irrigated water (0, 100, 200 and 300 mmol NaCl) on proline accumulation of Canola (Brassica napus L.) after laser irradiation (Red, Infra-red and Nd:YAG) at two exposure treatments. In each exposure, seeds were irradiated for three minutes once or twice by the laser set. Free proline content in leaves increased significantly by increasing of NaCl concentration. Also proline content significantly increased with irradiation by laser beam. The Red laser irradiation used once and the Nd:YAG laser used twice had the greatest effect on the proline content whereas the Infrared laser had a low effect. Double application of irradiation induced a significantly higher amount of proline in the leaves compared to only one application. This is the first report on using different lasers irradiation on proline content in a winter rapeseed.

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