scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of herbicides on Cynodon dactylon

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 832-835
Author(s):  
Siddappa Siddappa ◽  
B. L. Geeta ◽  
Raj Likhitha ◽  
K. V. Jayaprasad ◽  
Revannappa R. Bandri
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Dimethyl Amine ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Hand Weeding

Field experiment was conducted to manage the sedge and broad leaf weeds in lawn during November to December 2013 to February to March 2014. Experimental plot was red sandy loam soil with pH 6.50.The experimental plot consisted of bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon which was established through turfing. The experimental plot was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) having 17 treatments with three replications. Herbicide treatments include 2, 4-D sodium salt 80 WP at (2, 3 and 4g/lit of water), 2, 4-D dimethyl amine salt 58% EC at (5, 7.5 and 10 ml/lit of water), carfentrozone ethyl 40 DF at (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/lit of water), fluroxypyr meptyl 48% EC at (1.5, 3 and 6 ml/lit of water) and chlorimuron methyl + metasulfuron methyl at (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/lit of water). Hand weeding was done at every 20 days interval at 20 days after application of herbicides and also maintained one unweeded control in during November to December and February to March. The phytotoxic symptoms were observed only fluroxypyr meptyl 48% EC applied at 6 ml/lit of water at 3, 7, 10, 15 and 25 days after application of herbicides (DAAH) but it recovered at later stages. However, the other herbicides did not cause any phytotoxic effect on C. dactylon.

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Ammar Hameed Madi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FOLIAGE REMOVAL FOR USE AS A GREEN VEGETABLE ON GROWTH OF GEORGIA RED PEANUT S

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 270H-270
Author(s):  
D. G. Mortley ◽  
J. Y. Lu ◽  
P. Grant ◽  
G. W. Carver
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Good Balance ◽  
Green Vegetable ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Loam Soil

The effect of periodic removal of peanut foliage for use as a green vegetable on final foliage and nut production was evaluated in a field experiment in the summer of 1992. Georgia Red peanut cultivar was grown in Norfolk sandy loam soil in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of removing peanut foliage at 2, 4, and 6 weeks, starting six weeks after planting, and an untreated check. Fresh foliage yield declined an average of 30% while dry weight declined 34% when harvested at 2 and 4 weeks. Nut yield declined 33% when harvested at 2 and 4 weeks but yield decreased only 10% when harvested at 6 weeks. Peanut greens are highly nutritious especially as a rich source of vitamin C and protein. For good balance between foliage and nut production, it appears that harvest intervals should be after four weeks.

scholarly journals Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Systemic Insecticides, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
Paul J. Semtner ◽  
William B. Wilkinson III
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Sooty Mold ◽  
Systemic Insecticides ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate various systemic insecticides applied as soil or transplant water treatments followed by foliar applications of Orthene for TA and TFB control on fluecured tobacco and to determine the impact of treatment on tobacco yield and price. The experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Blackstone, VA. Eleven treatments and an untreated control were established in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 × 40 ft (1 row × 24 plants), were separated by single guard rows. Pretransplant soil treatments of most liquid formulations were applied broadcast with a CO2-pressurized tractor sprayer that delivered 30.4 gal/acre at 40 psi through 8003LP tips on 29 Apr (Ambient temperature, 85-89°F, soil temperature, 75°F; soil pH, 5.8; OM, 2%). Treatments were immediately incorporated by double disking. The Furadan and Temik treatments were applied during bed formation and immediately covered with 6 to 8 inches of soil on 17 May. Furadan 4F was diluted 50:50 in water and applied in a narrow stream (< 1-inch wide) in the row using a peristaltic pump. Temik was applied in a 14 inch band using a tractor mounted- Gandy granular applicator. The soil moisture was good for both the pretransplant soil and bedding treatments. ‘K-326’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots in a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil on 18 May. A measuring cup was used to apply transplant water (TPW) treatments of Orthene and Admire in 4 fl oz/plant (204 gal/acre) at the base of each plant in the treatment plots. Virginia Cooperative Extension recommendations were followed for production of the crop. Foliar applications of Orthene and Dipel were applied on 6 Jul with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 30 gal/acre through 3 TX-12 tips at 60 psi. TA populations were estimated on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot about once a week from 5 to 11 wk after transplanting. On 25 Aug, TA damage was rated on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 = no aphid damage or sooty mold and 10 = very severe necrosis of leaves and extensive sooty mold. TFB and TFB feeding holes in the most damaged leaf were counted on 10 plants/ plot. Tobacco was harvested as it ripened, weighed, graded by a USDA/AMS inspector, and yield and price were calculated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by WD (K-ratio = 100). Aphid count data were transformed to Log10(x + 1) before analysis.

scholarly journals Effect of Urea Super Granule and Prilled Urea on Yield and Yield Attributes of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
M J Hussain ◽  
A J M S Karim ◽  
A R M Solaiman ◽  
M S Islam ◽  
M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil

A field experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during 2010-2011 to determine the effects and economic performance of urea super granule (USG) and prilled urea (PU) in terms of growth and yield of broccoli and to find out the optimum and economic doses of USG and PU for broccoli in Shallow Red-Brown Terrace Soil under Madhupur Tract. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications having 17 treatment combinations constituted with different levels of urea super granule (USG) and prilled urea (PU). Result showed that yield of broccoli increased significantly with increasing rate of USG and PU. The treatments containing 160 kg N from USG and 180 kg N from PU exhibited the best performance on yield and yield contributing characters of broccoli having the head yield of 12.9 and 10.6 ton ha-1, respectively. All the yield contributing characters and the economic profitability were favorably correlated with these high yield performing treatments. The performance of USG in terms of growth, yield and yield attributes, head quality (compactness coefficient) and economic profitability was found significantly higher as compared to that of PU. Therefore, USG @ 160 kg N ha-1 and PU @ 180 kg N ha-1 alongwith other recommended fertilizerscould be suggested for broccoli production in terms of yield and economics. From quadratic equation USG @ 163 and 160 kg N ha-1 and PU @ 169 and 160 kg N ha-1 alongwith other recommended fertilizerscould be suggested as optimum and economic doses for broccoli production in Silty Clay Loam Soil of Madhupur Tract.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(2) 95-112

Weed suppression ability of six soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties under natural weed development conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rezvani ◽  
F. Zaefarian ◽  
M. Jovieni
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Weed Suppressive Ability ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Hand Weeding

The weed suppression ability of different soybean varieties was studied in a field experiment in 2010. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design using a split-plot arrangement with 3 replicates. The main plots were either weedfree (hand weeding) or infested with the natural weed population (weedy). Six soybean varieties (Sari, Telar, Sahar, Hill, 032 and 033) were randomized within the main plots. The relative biomass total (RBT), relative crowding coefficient (RCCcw) and competitive balance index (Cb) were recorded and were regressed against crop traits under weedy conditions. The results showed a reduction in the maximum height of the soybean varieties under weedy conditions. No significant relationship was found between weed biomass and the canopy height of the varieties. Competition indices and the weed suppressive ability of soybean showed intergenotypic variation in competitive ability between the varieties tested. Weed pressure reduced the yield and yield components of all the soybean varieties. Under weedy conditions the soybean variety Hill gave a higher economic yield than the others, with high weed biomass suppression ability.

Effect of integrated nutrient management on physical and chemical properties of soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Meena ◽  
Narendra Swaroop ◽  
Joy Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A field experiment was conducted during <italic>Kharif</italic> season 2014 at the Research farm of Soil Science Allahabad School of Agriculture, laid out in randomized block design on sandy loam soil, containing sand 62.71%, silt 23.10% and clay 14.19% (Inceptisols). It was observed that for post harvest soil properties in treatment N<sub>20</sub>+ FYM @ 10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> and <italic>Rhizobium</italic> P<sub>40</sub>K<sub>40</sub> were improved significantly due to integrated use of inputs. Organic carbon-0.75%, available nitrogen- 333.23 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, phosphorus- 34.58 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, potassium -205.83 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, pore space -50.80 %, pH -6.80 were found to be significant and bulk density -1.07 Mgm<sup>−3</sup>, particle density -2.62 Mgm<sup>−3</sup>, EC at 27°C -0.24 dSm<sup>−1</sup> were found to be non-significantly improved in this treatment.

scholarly journals Estimación de varianzas genéticas en ocho variedades criollas de maíz para el Bajío mexicano.

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Luis Ángel Muñoz Romero ◽  
Enrique Navarro Guerrero ◽  
Manuel De la Rosa Ibarra ◽  
Luis Pérez Romero ◽  
Ángel Enrique Caamal Dzul
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Dominance Variance ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

The aim of this work was to estimate the combinatory aptitude, genetic variance and heterosis of eight creole corn varieties. The research work was carried in Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, during 2008 and 2009. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to evaluate the twenty-eight crosses under method 4 Griffing (1956). Each experimental plot included four rows five meters long with a separation of 0,75 m. The general combing ability and specific (ACG and ACE) were highly significant (P<0.01) for all traits except flowering days. The dominance variance (σ2D) was larger and more important than additive variance (σ2A) for most of the traits, indicating that non- additive genetic genes were important on the expression of those traits on crosses. It was observed that varieties P6 (creole #5), P7 (creole #2) and P8 (creole San Antonio) had larger variance effects (σ2ACE) for long cob, number of rows per cob, total cob number, and grain yield. Some outstanding crosses were identified for their high grain yield as well as heterosis, mainly those that included germoplasm of creole #5, #2 and San Antonio. According to the aforementioned we recommend to draw lines from the above populations and cross them to produce hybrids. 

scholarly journals Plant Factors for Irrigating Mixed Turfgrass and Shrub Landscapes in a Humid Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-329
Author(s):  
Tim R. Pannkuk
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Soil Leachate ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil

Landscape water conservation methods and techniques contribute to managing water resources. Use of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) data and landscape coefficients is one method that needs further development. Local ETo data and actual plant water use were used to calculate plant factors (PFs) for three model landscapes composed of mixtures of turfgrass and shrubs. Model landscapes using a sandy loam soil included st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), privet (Ligustrum japonicum), dwarf burford holly (Ilex cornuta ‘Burfordii Nana’), and dwarf yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria ‘Nana’) at three ratios of turfgrass to shrub vegetative cover: 80:20, 50:50, and 20:80. Soil was placed into inground lysimeters in a complete randomized block design with soil moisture sensors and a drainage system. Lysimeters were irrigated with a sprinkler system, and water was applied at a rate of 100% replacement of ETo minus precipitation. Lysimeter soil leachate was collected from the drainage system and quantified. After 2 years, the PF of 20:80 and 50:50 turfgrass/shrub combination were greater than the PF of the 80:20 combination. Plant factors for the 80:20, 50:50, and 20:80 turfgrass:shrub combinations were 0.68, 0.97, and 1.01, respectively. There were no seasonal differences in PFs. Total growing season leachate depth over 2 years was 63.4, 30.7, and 12.6 mm for 80:20, 50:50, and 20:80, respectively. Further work on PFs should include other plant combinations, and evaluation in other climatic zones.

scholarly journals Postemergence Control of Phyllanthus urinaria by Prodiamine and Phytotoxicity to Ornamentals

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 429D-429
Author(s):  
James H. Aldrich ◽  
Jeffrey G. Norcini
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phyllanthus Urinaria ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Weight Analysis ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Leaf Distortion

Postemergence control of Phyllanthus urinaria L. (chamberbitter) in nursery and landscape plantings has been primarily limited to hand-weeding. Prodiamine was evaluated for postemergence control of chamberbitter and phytotoxicity to containerized ornamentals. On 20 June 1995, prodiamine at 0, 1.68, 3.36, or 6.72 kg a.i./ha was applied over-the-top to immature chamberbitter growing in 3.8-L containers of established Buddleia davidii Franch. `White Bouquet' Cuphea hyssopifolia HBK. `Desert Snow', Lantana camara L. `Irene', and Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. `Lavender Weeping'. Weed-free checks were included. Applications were made with a compressed air backpack sprayer. There were four replications per treatment placed in a randomized complete block design by species. Plants were established and maintained on a container bed under full sun and overhead irrigation. Growth of and phytotoxicity to the ornamentals species, and percent coverage and number of chamberbitter, were recorded periodically for 14 weeks after treatment (WAT). Chamberbitter shoots were harvested for dry weight analysis 14 WAT. Prodiamine provided some postemergence control of chamberbitter. However, Cuphea and both Lantana species exhibited leaf distortion and/or delayed flowering.

scholarly journals MEASURING VIBRATION AT TRACTOR PLATFORM , STEERING WHEEL AND SEAT EFFECTIVE AMPLITUDE TRANSMISSIBILITY FACTOR DURING OPERATION TILLAGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. H. Al-Mafrachi
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Vertical Vibration ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plot Design

Field experiment conducted to measure vibrations on three axes longitudinal X, lateral Y and vertical Z on steering wheel, platform tractor and vertical vibration in seat tractor and seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT) factor during operation tillage in silt clay loam soil with depth 18 cm in Baghdad. Split – split plot design under randomized complete block design with three replications least significant design 5 % used. Three factor were used in this experiment included two types of plows included chisel and disc plows which represented main plot, three tires inflation pressure was second factor included 1.1 ,1.8 and 2.7 bar, and three forward speeds of the tillage was third factor included 2.35 , 4.25 and 6.50 km/hr. Results showed disc plow recorded higher vibration values for three axes X,Y and Z on platform, steering wheel and vertical vibration seat tractor. No significant effect between chisel and disc plows in (SEAT) Factor. Tier pressure 2.7 bar recorded higher vibration values in all measurements. Speed tractor 6.50 km/hr recorded higher vibration values in all measurements. Vibration values increasing when increasing tiers inflation pressure and tractor speed. All interaction among treatments significant. Level of vibration in these experiment a cross legislated permissible vibration exposure limits in the world except  the vibration transmitted to steering wheel and tractor seat during tillage under 1.1 bar and tractor speed 2.35 km/hr.

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