Implications for the conservation of genetic diversity in mohair goats from a comparison of a relic island population with breeds farmed in Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Balasingham ◽  
N. A. Robinson ◽  
B. A. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Angora Goats ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

The genetic relationships between an abandoned population of mohair-style, fibre-producing goats from the remote semi-arid Faure Island, Western Australia and 3 modern breeds of Angora goats (Australian, southern African and Texan) were investigated. Faure Island goats originated from stock introduced in the 1890s, reputedly from South Africa. Farmed Faure goats were abandoned on the island about 1918, but their fine mohair fleece has since generated commercial interest within the Australian mohair industry. Nineteen microsatellite loci were used to compare Nei’s genetic distance between and variation within the breeds. Faure Island goats are more similar to southern African and Texan Angoras than to Australian Angoras. Genetic variability was lower in Australian Angoras than in Faure Island, southern African and Texan Angoras (lowest proportion of polymorphic loci, mean heterozygosity and mean number of alleles). Current Faure Island mohair-style goats are more closely related to modern southern African Angora goats than to traditional Australian Angora goats, while the reduced variability in the latter may have resulted from inbreeding. These results have implications for the genetic improvement of fibre-producing goats and for the conservation of genetic material from island populations of goats.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity in Indian Barnyard millet (Echinochloa spp. complex) using morphological and molecular markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1643-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Moharil ◽  
Dipti Gawai ◽  
N. Dikshit ◽  
M.S. Dudhare ◽  
P. V. Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Barnyard Millet ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
High Degree

In the present study, morphological and molecular markers (RAPD primers) were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among 21 accessions of Echinochloa spp. complex comprising the wild and cultivated species collected from Melghat and adjoining regions of Vidarbha, Maharashtra. The availability of diverse genetic resources is a prerequisite for genetic improvement of any crop including barnyard millet. A high degree of molecular diversity among the landraces was detected. Among the 21 genotypes, two major groups (A and B) were formed, at 67.28 % similarity, which clearly encompasses 15 accessions of E. frumentacea and 6 accessions of E. colona. Higher similarity was observed in accessions of E. frumentacea. The accessions IC 597322 and IC 597323 also IC 597302 and IC 597304 showed more than 94% similarity among themselves. The classification of genetic diversity has enabled clear-cut grouping of barnyard millet accessions into two morphological races (E. frumentacea and E. colona).

scholarly journals The pattern of genetic diversity of different breeds of pigs based on microsatellite analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-754
Author(s):  
V. R. Kharzinova ◽  
N. A. Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Large White ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Republic

One of the main tasks of genetics and animal breeding is the assessment of genetic diversity and the study of genetic relationships between different breeds and populations using molecular genetic analysis methods. We analysed the polymorphism of microsatellites and the information on the state of genetic diversity and the population structure of local breeds in Russia: the Kemerovo, the Berkshire, the Liven, the Mangalitsa, and the Civilian; in the Republic of Belarus: the Large White and the Black-and-White; and in Ukraine: the White Steppe, as well as commercial breeds of imported origin of domestic reproduction: the Large White, the Landrace, and the Duroc. The materials used for this study were the tissue and DNA samples extracted from 1,194 pigs and DNA of the UNU “Genetic material bank of domestic and wild animal species and birds” of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. Polymorphisms of 10 microsatellites (S0155, S0355, S0386, SW24, SO005, SW72, SW951, S0101, SW240, and SW857) were determined according to the previously developed technique using DNA analyser ABI3130xl. To estimate the allele pool of each population, the average number of alleles (NA), the effective number of alleles (NE ) based on the locus, the rarified allelic richness (AR), the observed (HO ) and expected (HE ) heterozygosity, and the fixation index (FIS) were calculated. The degree of genetic differentiation of the breeds was assessed based on the pairwise values of FST and D. The analysis of the allelic and genetic diversity parameters of the local breeds showed that the maximum and minimum levels of polymorphism were observed in pigs of the Ukrainian White Steppe breed (NA = 6.500, NE = 3.709, and AR = 6.020) and in pigs of the Duroc breed (NA = 4.875, NE = 2.119, and AR = 3.821), respectively. The highest level of genetic diversity was found in the Large White breed of the Republic of Belarus (HO = 0.707 and NE = 0.702). The minimum level of genetic diversity was found in pigs of the imported breeds – the Landrace (HO = 0.459, HE = 0.400) and the Duroc (HO = 0.480, HE = 0.469) – indicating a high selection pressure in these breeds. Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, the genetic origin of Large White pigs, the breeds, from which the Berkshire pigs originated, and the genetic detachment of the Landrace from the Mangalitsa breeds were revealed. The cluster analysis showed a genetic consolidation of the Black-and-White, the Berkshire, and the Mangalitsa pigs. Additionally, the imported breeds with clustering depending on the origin were characterised by a genetic structure different from that of the other breeds. The information obtained from these studies can serve as a guide for the management and breeding strategies of the pig breeds studied, to allow their better use and conservation.

Genetic diversity in natural and introduced island populations of koalas in Queensland

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen E. Lee ◽  
Jennifer M. Seddon ◽  
Stephen Johnston ◽  
Sean I. FitzGibbon ◽  
Frank Carrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Allelic Richness ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Founder Effects ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Microsatellite Alleles

Island populations of animals are expected to show reduced genetic variation and increased incidence of inbreeding because of founder effects and the susceptibility of small populations to the effects of genetic drift. Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) occur naturally in a patchy distribution across much of the eastern Australian mainland and on a small number of islands near the Australian coast. We compared the genetic diversity of the naturally occurring population of koalas on North Stradbroke Island in south-east Queensland with other island populations including the introduced group on St Bees Island in central Queensland. The population on St Bees Island shows higher diversity (allelic richness 4.1, He = 0.67) than the North Stradbroke Island population (allelic richness 3.2, He = 0.55). Koalas on Brampton, Newry and Rabbit Islands possessed microsatellite alleles that were not identified from St Bees Island koalas, indicating that it is most unlikely that these populations were established by a sole secondary introduction from St Bees Island. Mitochondrial haplotypes on the central Queensland islands were more similar to a haplotype found at Springsure in central Queensland and the inland clades in south-east Queensland, rather than the coastal clade in south-east Queensland.

scholarly journals Molecular Genetic Diversity Among 12 Clones of Lagerstroemia fauriei Revealed by AFLP and RAPD Markers

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Pooler
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diversity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The U.S

Many popular crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia L.) cultivars grown in the United States are interspecific hybrids between L. indica L. and L. fauriei Koehne. The 22 hybrid cultivars released from the U.S. National Arboretum contain primarily genetic material from L. fauriei PI 237884. Examining the genetic diversity ofL. fauriei specimens in the U.S. is valuable because of the historical and economic significance of the species, the increasing interest it is receiving as a source of new cultivars, and its threatened status in the wild. Our objectives were to examine molecular genetic diversity among L. fauriei accessions using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) markers. Our results indicate: 1) RAPD and AFLP markers are generally consistent in the genetic relationships that they suggest; 2) the L. fauriei germplasm we examined falls into at least three distinct clusters; and 3) the genetic base of cultivated Lagerstroemia could be broadened significantly by incorporating some of this more diverse L. fauriei germplasm into breeding programs.

Evaluation of the genetic diversity and population structure of five indigenous and one introduced Chinese goose breeds using microsatellite markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjun Li ◽  
Qingyuan Yuan ◽  
Junda Shen ◽  
Zhengrong Tao ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Distance Estimate ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

Li, J., Yuan, Q., Shen, J., Tao, Z., Li, G., Tian, Y., Wang, D., Chen, L. and Lu, L. 2012. Evaluation of the genetic diversity and population structure of five indigenous and one introduced Chinese goose breeds using microsatellite markers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 417–423. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships among five indigenous Chinese goose breeds and one introduced goose breed using 29 microsatellite markers. A total of 334 distinct alleles were observed across the six breeds, and 45 of the 334 alleles (13.5%) were unique to only one breed. The indigenous geese showed higher diversity in terms of the observed number of alleles per locus (4.48–5.90) and observed heterozygosity (0.46–0.53) compared with the introduced breed (3.97 and 0.29, respectively). The pairwise genetic differentiation (FST) between the six goose breeds ranged from 0.04 between Panshi Grey goose (PS) and Yongkang Grey goose to 0.47 between PS and Landes goose; similarly, Nei's genetic distance varied between 0.25 and 0.75. However, the FST between the indigenous Chinese goose breeds was very small. In addition, genetic distance estimate, phylogenic, and cluster analyses of the genetic relationships and population structure revealed that some indigenous goose breeds had hybridized more frequently, resulting in a loss of genetic distinctiveness.

Genetic diversity analysis using simple sequence repeat markers in soybean

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. S87-S90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenbin Hu ◽  
Guizhen Kan ◽  
Guozheng Zhang ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Derong Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Cultivated Soybean ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

To evaluate the genetic diversity (GD) of wild and cultivated soybeans and determine the genetic relationships between them, in this study, 127 wild soybean accessions and 219 cultivated soybean accessions were genotyped using 74 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The results of the study revealed that the GD of the wild soybeans exceeded that of the cultivated soybeans. In all, 924 alleles were detected in the 346 soybean accessions using 74 SSRs, with an average of 12.49 alleles per locus. In the 219 cultivated soybean accessions, 687 alleles were detected, with an average of 9.28 alleles per locus; in the 127 wild soybean accessions, 835 alleles were detected, with an average of 11.28 alleles per locus. We identified 237 wild-soybean-specific alleles and 89 cultivated-soybean-specific alleles in the 346 soybean accessions, and these alleles accounted for 35.28% of all the alleles in the sample. Principal coordinates analysis and phylogenetic analysis based on Nei's genetic distance indicated that all the accessions could be classified into two major clusters, corresponding to wild and cultivated soybeans. These results will increase our understanding of the genetic differences and relationships between wild and cultivated soybeans and provide information to develop future breeding strategies to improve soybean yield.

scholarly journals Variability of some broomrape populations from China. Genotyping and determination of genetic polymorphism (II)

Akademos ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Maria Duca ◽  
◽  
Ina Bivol ◽  
Ana Mutu ◽  
Steliana Clapco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Face

Genetic diversity within a population is reflected by variations in genetic material among individuals and can manifest at the phenotypic level through new characters or traits. The emergence of a large number of O. cumana races in a short period of time demonstrates that there are higher genetic variability in populations and a high ability to adapt in the face of environmental conditions. The aim of the research presented in this article was to study the intraand interpopulation genetic diversity and genetic relationships between individuals of three populations of O. cumana from different geographical regions of the People’s Republic of China based on molecular markers (ISSR and SSR). The high intrapopulation genetic variability calculated on the basis of the allelic diversity parameters and specific genetic diversity coefficients was revealed by SSR markers while as for the ISSR primers a high degree of genetic variations was found at the interpopulation level. UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis performed according to both sets of molecular markers allowed to devide all genotypes into 5 major groups for the degree of dissimilarity and level of aggression. This study is of interest in understanding the population genetic structure of the parasitic species of O. cumana from China and could contribute to the development of pathogen control durable strategies and effective sunflower breeding programs to broomrape resistance.

scholarly journals Do Centres of Endemism provide a spatial context for predicting and preserving plant phylogeographic patterns in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa?

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10045
Author(s):  
Nicholas C. Galuszynski ◽  
Alastair J. Potts
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Phylogeographic Break ◽  
Distribution Ranges

Aim The evolutionary forces that gave rise to the exceptional plant species richness of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) have also likely played a role at the intraspecific level (i.e. plant populations)—and thereby generating shared phylogeographic patterns among taxa. Here we test whether plant populations in the CFR exhibit phylogeographic breaks across the boundaries between Centres of Endemism (CoEs). The boundaries between CoEs (derived from the distribution ranges of endemic taxa and currently mapped at a coarse, Quarter Degree Square scale) represent a spatial proxy for the evolutionary diversifying drivers acting on plant taxa in the CFR. Location The CFR, located along the southern Cape of South Africa. Methods Published phylogeographic literature were compiled and spatial patterns of genetic divergence re-analysed to assess the frequency at which CFR plant taxa exhibit phylogeographic breaks either (1) across or (2) within CoE boundaries. Population pairs from each study were compared across and within CoEs and scored as either exhibiting a phylogeographic break or not. Results Phylogeographic breaks in Cape plants were found to occur across the boundaries of CoEs more often than not. Significantly more population pairs exhibited phylogeographic breaks across CoE boundaries (506 of the 540, χ2 = 886, p < 0.001) and fewer breaks within CoEs (94 of 619, χ2 = 300, p < 0.001) than would be expected if there was equal probability of a genetic break occurring across CoE boundaries. Main conclusions The evolutionary forces that have produced and maintained the exceptional plant diversity in the CFR appear to have operated at the population level, producing similar patterns of phylogeographic structuring of plant lineages regardless of life history or taxonomy. This tendency for Cape plants to exhibit shared patterns of spatially structured genetic diversity that match the distribution of endemic taxa may assist CFR phylogeographers to streamline sampling efforts and test novel hypotheses pertaining to the distribution of genetic diversity among CFR plant taxa. Additionally, the resolution at which CoEs are mapped should be refined, which may provide a valuable tool for future conservation planning and the development of precautionary guidelines for the translocation of genetic material during species reintroductions and commercial cultivation of Cape endemic crops. Thus, to answer the question ‘Do Centres of Endemism provide a spatial context for predicting and preserving plant phylogeographic patterns in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa?’—yes, CoEs do appear to be an important tool for Cape phylogeographers. However, the data is limited and more plant phylogeography work is needed in the CFR.

scholarly journals Island life and isolation: The population genetics of Pacific Wrens on the North Pacific Rim

The Condor ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Christin L. Pruett ◽  
Angela Ricono ◽  
Cory Spern ◽  
Kevin Winker
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Genetic Rescue ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Lagopus Muta ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Conservation of intraspecific variation is a growing focus of conservation biology. Island populations can make up a large portion of the variation of widespread species, as they are often isolated and exhibit differences in phenotype and genetic structure compared with mainland populations. We genotyped 169 Pacific Wrens (Troglodytes pacificus) from 9 locations and 6 subspecies in Alaska, USA, and British Columbia, Canada, to examine the population structure, genetic diversity, and likelihood of genetic rescue of island populations of conservation concern. We found that 25% of genetic variation was partitioned among conservation units delineated by subspecies, suggesting that the present framework of managing subspecies as separate units is warranted. Populations found farthest from possible mainland sources had the lowest genetic diversity. The Attu Island population, subspecies T. p. meligerus, had the lowest genetic diversity and highest genetic divergence of all sampled locations, a signal also found in Attu Island populations of Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) and Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta). Currently, populations in western Alaska are unlikely to be connected to populations in mainland locations through dispersal, and thus are unlikely candidates for natural genetic or demographic rescue.

scholarly journals Genetic characterisation of non-descript cattle populations in communal areas of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
M. D. Mamogobo ◽  
N. O. Mapholi ◽  
K. A. Nephawe ◽  
T. L. Nedambale ◽  
T. J. Mpofu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
North West ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Communal Areas

Context Indigenous cattle breeds represent an important genetic resource for livelihood of communal-area inhabitants. Indigenous breeds have the ability to withstand harsh climatic conditions, can adapt genetically to poor-quality forages and are resistant to parasites and diseases. These unique traits possessed by indigenous breeds are under threat because of unrestrained crossing with exotic commercial breeds, and this can lead to total loss of a breed. Aims The study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of South African non-descript communal beef cattle populations by using 25 microsatellite markers. Methods Unrelated and non-descript animals (n = 150) were sampled from communal areas from five (5) provinces of South Africa, namely, Eastern Cape, KwaZulu–Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and the North West, with 30 samples per breed taken. Six (6) known cattle breeds (n = 180) were used as a reference population. This included Angus, Afrikaner, Bonsmara, Brahman, Drakensberger and the Nguni, with 30 samples per breed. Key results High level of genetic diversity was found across the five non-descript populations, with an average heterozygosity of 75%. The Limpopo population was found to be the most diverse population, with the highest average number of alleles (8.5) and heterozygosity (ranging between observed heterozygosity of 70% and expected heterozygosity of 79%). STRUCTURE software assigned populations (2 ≤ K ≤ 20), with the most probable cluster being at K = 7. The Eastern Cape, KwaZulu–Natal and Limpopo populations had genetic material similar to those possessed by the Nguni and Bonsmara reference populations. Conclusions Results from the study showed that most genetic differentiation occurred within populations rather than among populations, and this might be due to the fact that there is no selection for or against any specific production trait expressed in the populations. Implications The obtained information will serve as a baseline for the development and implementation of sound breeding programs that will assist in controlling the gene flow, so as to lower the possible genetic dilution of the currently available genetic material.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document