Genetic variability for grain yield and water use efficiency in blackgram genotypes

Transpiration efficiency (TE, g biomass kg-1 water transpired) is the preferred measure for examining po- tential genetic variation in crop water use efficiency (WUE). TE was assessed gravimetrically from sowing to grain harvest in fifteen blackgram accessions, two checks and two local varieties under well-watered conditions during kharif season. TEbiomass varied from 2.87 - 5.27 g kg-1 and TEseed varied from 1.10 - 2.03 g kg-1 among genotypes. High coefficient of variability was observed for seed yield and TEseed.Total biomass, TEbiomass, HI and water transpired recorded medium coefficient of variability. High heritability in broad sense was observed for seed yield, TEseed and total biomass. High genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for seed yield, TEseed, total biomass and TEbiomass. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for seed yield, total biomass and TEseed.TEseed is significantly positively correlated with TEbiomass (0.883**), seed yield/ plant (0.805**), HI (0.757**) and biomass (0.572*). TEbiomass, seed yield per plant, total biomass and HI were the important components of TEseed as revealed by correlation studies.D2 analysis partitioned the nineteen genotypes in to five clusters. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and V (24.94) and III and IV (22.6). Genotypes IC436665, IC343952 and Local II (Cluster III) had high mean values for TEbiomass and TEseed along with total biomass and seed yield. These genotypes should be useful in future breeding programs for higher water use efficiency.

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Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Seed Yield, Yield Components, and Water Use Efficiency of Cleistogenes songorica

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 466

Author(s):

Qibo Tao ◽

Mengjie Bai ◽

Cunzhi Jia ◽

Yunhua Han ◽

Yanrong Wang

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Yield Component ◽

Path Coefficient ◽

Grass Seed ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Use Efficiency

Irrigation and nitrogen (N) are two crucial factors affecting perennial grass seed production. To investigate the effects of irrigation and N rate on seed yield (SY), yield components, and water use efficiency (WUE) of Cleistogenes songorica (Roshevitz) Ohwi, an ecologically significant perennial grass, a four-year (2016–2019) field trial was conducted in an arid region of northwestern China. Two irrigation regimes (I1 treatment: irrigation at tillering stage; I2 treatment: irrigation at tillering, spikelet initiation, and early flowering stages) and four N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha−1) were arranged. Increasing amounts of both irrigation and N improved SY, evapotranspiration, WUE, and related yield components like fertile tillers m−2 (FTSM) and seeds spikelet−1. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed between 120 and 180 kg N ha−1 treatments for most variables. The highest SY and WUE was obtained with treatment combination of I2 plus 120 kg N ha−1 with four-year average values of 507.3 kg ha−1 and 1.8 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively. Path coefficient and contribution analysis indicated that FTSM was the most important yield component for SY, with direct path coefficient and contribution coefficient of 0.626 and 0.592. Overall, we recommend I2 treatment (three irrigations) together with 120 kg N ha−1 to both increase SY and WUE, especially in arid regions. Future agronomic managements and breeding programs for seed should mainly focus on FTSM. This study will enable grass seed producers, plant breeders, and government program directors to more effectively target higher SY of C. songorica.

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Water Stress Effects on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Hemarthria Compressa

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.578 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 212-213 ◽

pp. 578-585

Author(s):

Zhong Wen Yang ◽

Jun Ying Jin ◽

Xin Yi Xu

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Control Period ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Sensitive Period ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Hemarthria Compressa

Water stress is an important approach to use water resources efficiently and remit the agricultural water shortage. Hemarthria compressa is one of perennial grasses, a pasture of high quality, which has abundant species resources in China. To explore the response of the growth, yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of Hemarthria compressa under water stress, this study, adapting pot experiment, imposed three water stress degree (LD, MD and SD) treatments and a control treatment on Hemarthria compressa. The data of growth indicators during control period, yield and total water consumption were obtained. The results show a noticeable inhibitory action of water stress on the growth of Hemarthria compressa. Along with the intensifying of water stress, plant height increment, leaf area, total biomass, dry matter of each organ and yield decreased, and the root-shoot ratio increased firstly and inclined to slump finally. Plants under the middle water stress treatment achieved the greatest WUE of 38.25 kg/m3. The first 10d in the water control period was the most sensitive period of the pasture responding to water stress.

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Growth, Seed Yield, Protein Content and Water Use Efficiency of Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum – graceum L.) as Influenced by Drip Irrigation Regimes and Fertigation Levels

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.112 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (08) ◽

pp. 997-1003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Komal Kanwar ◽

C.B. Harisha ◽

Ravindra Singh ◽

Aadit yendra

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Protein Content ◽

Water Use ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Use Efficiency

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Does Elevated CO2 Affect the Physiology and Growth of Quercus Mongolica under Different Nitrogen Conditions?

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.528 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 277-279 ◽

pp. 528-535

Author(s):

Oh Hyun Kyung ◽

Yeonsook Choung

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Elevated Co2 ◽

Water Use ◽

Physiological Activity ◽

Photosynthesis Rate ◽

Total Biomass ◽

High Nitrogen ◽

Quercus Mongolica ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Conditions

The response of Quercus mongolica, one of the major tree species in Northeast Asia and the most dominant deciduous tree in Korea, was studied in relation to elevated CO2 and the addition of nitrogen to soil in terms of its physiology and growth over two years. Plants were grown from seed at two CO2 conditions (ambient and 700 µL L-1) and with two levels of soil nitrogen supply (1.5 mM and 6.5 mM). Elevated CO2 was found to significantly enhance the photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency by 2.3-2.7 times and by 1.3-1.8 times, respectively. Over time within a growing season, there was a decreasing trend in the photosynthesis rate. However, the decrease was slower especially in two-year-old seedlings grown in elevated CO2 and high nitrogen conditions, suggesting that their physiological activity lasted relatively longer. Improved photosynthesis and water use efficiency as well as prolonged physiological activity under high CO2 condition resulted in an increase in biomass accumulation. That is, in elevated CO2, total biomass increased by 1.7 and 1.2 times, respectively, for one- and two-year-old seedlings with low nitrogen conditions, and by 1.8 and 2.6 times with high nitrogen conditions. This result indicates that the effect of CO2 on biomass is more marked in high nitrogen conditions. This, therefore, shows that the effect of CO2 is accelerated by the addition of nitrogen. With the increase in total biomass, the number of leaves and stem diameter increased significantly, and more biomass was allocated in roots, resulting in structural change. Overall, the elevated CO2 markedly stimulated the physiology and growth of Q. mongolica. This demonstrates that Q. mongolica is capable of exploiting an elevated CO2 environment. Therefore, it will remain a dominant species and continue to be a major CO2 sink in the future, even though other resources such as nitrogen can modify the CO2 effect.

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Evapotranspiration, crop coefficient and water use efficiency of coriander grown in tropical environment

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620180404 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 446-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vicente de PR da Silva ◽

Inajá Francisco de Sousa ◽

Alexandra L Tavares ◽

Thieres George F da Silva ◽

Bernardo B da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Crop Production ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Crop Coefficient ◽

Growing Season ◽

Tropical Environment ◽

Mean Values ◽

Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT The water scarcity is expected to intensify in the future and irrigation becomes an essential component of crop production, especially in arid and semiarid regions, where the available water resources are limited. Four field experiments were carried out at tropical environment in Brazil in 2013 and 2014, in order to evaluate the effect of planting date on crop evapotranspiration (ETc), crop coefficient (Kc), growth parameters and water use efficiency (WUE) of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) plants. The planting dates occurred during winter, spring, summer and autumn growing seasons. ETc was obtained through the soil water balance method and the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) through the Penman-Monteith method, using data collected from an automatic weather station located close to the experimental area. The results of the research showed that the mean values of coriander ETc and Kc were 139.8 mm and 0.87, respectively. Coriander water demand is higher in the summer growing season and lower in the winter; however, its yield is higher in the autumn and lower in the winter. Coriander has higher yield and development of its growth variables in the autumn growing season. The results also indicated that the interannual climate variations had significant effects on most growth variables, as yield, ETc and Kc of coriander grown in tropical environment.

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Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Potato under Alternate Furrows and Deficit Irrigation

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2020/8869098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Kassu Tadesse Kassaye ◽

Wubengeda Admasu Yilma ◽

Mehiret Hone Fisha ◽

Dawit Habte Haile

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Potato Production ◽

Furrow Irrigation ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Alternate Furrow Irrigation

The benefits of water-saving techniques such as alternate furrow and deficit irrigations need to be explored to ensure food security for the ever-increasing population within the context of declining availability of irrigation water. In this regard, field experiments were conducted for 2 consecutive dry seasons in the semiarid region of southwestern Ethiopia and investigated the influence of alternate furrow irrigation method with different irrigation levels on the yield, yield components, water use efficiency, and profitability of potato production. The experiment comprised of 3 irrigation methods: (i) conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), (ii) alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), and (iii) fixed furrow irrigation (FFI) combined factorially with 3 irrigation regimes: (i) 100%, (ii) 75%, and (iii) 50% of the potato water requirement (ETC). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design replicated thrice. Results revealed that seasonal irrigation water applied in alternate furrows was nearly half (170 mm) of the amount supplied in every furrow (331 mm). Despite the half reduction in the total amount of water, tuber (35.68 t ha−1) and total biomass (44.37 t ha−1) yields of potato in AFI did not significantly differ from CFI (34.84 and 45.35 t ha−1, respectively). Thus, AFI improved WUE by 49% compared to CFI. Irrigating potato using 75% of ETC produced tuber yield of 35.01 t ha−1, which was equivalent with 100% of ETC (35.18 t ha−1). Irrigating alternate furrows using 25% less ETC provided the highest net return of US$74.72 for every unit investment on labor for irrigating potato. In conclusion, irrigating alternate furrows using up to 25% less ETC saved water, provided comparable yield, and enhanced WUE and economic benefit. Therefore, farmers and experts are recommended to make change to AFI with 25% deficit irrigation in the study area and other regions with limited water for potato production to improve economic, environmental, and social performance of their irrigated systems.

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