The Impact of Merit Aid on College Choice and Degree Attainment: Reexamining Florida’s Bright Futures Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 016237372110304
Author(s):  
Oded Gurantz ◽  
Taylor K. Odle
Keyword(s):  
Degree Completion ◽  
White Students ◽  
Associate Degree ◽  
Degree Attainment ◽  
Merit Aid ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Bright Futures ◽  
The Impact

We replicate and extend prior work on Florida’s Bright Futures merit aid scholarship to consider its effect on college enrollment and degree completion. We estimate causal impacts using a regression discontinuity design to exploit SAT thresholds that strongly determine eligibility. We find no positive impacts on attendance or attainment, and instrumental variable results generally reject estimates as small as 1 to 2 percentage points. Across subgroups, we find that eligibility slightly reduces 6-year associate degree attainment for lower socioeconomic status students and may induce small enrollment shifts among Hispanic and White students toward 4-year colleges. Our findings of these minimal-at-best impacts contrast those of prior works, attributable in part to methodological improvements and more robust data, and further underscore the importance of study replication.

The Effect of Earning an Associate Degree on Community College Transfer Students’ Performance and Success at Four-Year Institutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Xueli Wang ◽  
Yating Chuang ◽  
Bo Mccready
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Transfer Students ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Associate Degree ◽  
Degree Attainment ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Background/Context As the cost of postsecondary education continues to rise, more students begin their postsecondary careers at a community college with the ultimate goal of upward transfer. However, there is limited evidence regarding how earning an associate degree prior to transfer shape transfer students’ eventual success at baccalaureate institutions. The existing literature on this topic either draws on data from single states or does not address self-selection. Purpose In this study, we seek to understand whether transfer students’ performance and attainment at 4-year institutions vary based on whether they achieved an associate degree prior to pursuing a baccalaureate degree. This study attempts to provide clearer evidence by using national data and robust quasi-experimental designs to investigate the effect of pretransfer associate degree attainment on posttransfer success. Research Design We drew upon data from the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS:04/09) and its supplementary Postsecondary Education Transcript Study (PETS:09) to answer our research question. To address self-selection, we employed two complementary quasi-experimental approaches in our study: propensity score matching (PSM) and instrumental variable (IV). The results were compared with baseline analyses using ordinary least squares (OLS) and probit regression. Findings In the baseline analyses that did not deal with potential selection, we found that, compared to their counterparts who did not earn an associate degree prior to transfer, transfer students who had an associate degree showed no statistically significant differences in bachelor's degree attainment, retention, or GPA, but earned significantly fewer credits at 4-year institutions. The results from the PSM are substantively similar to those from the baseline models. Using an IV approach, we found no impact of earning an associate degree on any of the aforementioned educational outcomes at 4-year institutions. Our study suggests that, based on a national dataset, students transferring upward to a 4-year institution from a community college are likely to have similar outcomes regardless of whether they earned an associate degree pretransfer. Conclusions The uncovered null effect may not mean that earning an associate degree has no impact within specific state contexts; instead, it may mean that the impact varies across contexts, but aggregates to be null. Given that earning an associate degree at least does not hurt later transfer success, community colleges may wish to encourage pretransfer credential attainment as a way to better capture their success with these students and illustrate their contribution to the growing national effort to increase degree completion.

Estimating Degree Attainment Rates of Freshmen: A Campus Perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisol Arredondo ◽  
Saskia Knight
Keyword(s):  
Student Retention ◽  
Degree Completion ◽  
Graduation Rate ◽  
Degree Attainment ◽  
Higher Education Research ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Actual Degree ◽  
Race Ethnicity

While Chapman University's six-year graduation rate has been increasing steadily in the last few years, the institution continues to seek better ways to retain its students. Accordingly, our attention has focused on trying to identify freshman students who are more likely to be retained and those who are likely to depart college prior to degree completion. Using the models developed by the Higher Education Research Institute (HERI), Chapman University's four- and six-year estimated degree completion rates were computed and compared to the actual rates. The four- and six-year estimated and actual degree completion rates differed by only 0.6 and 6.3 percentage points, respectively. The models presented by Astin and Oseguera (2002)1 allow us to explore a variety of student characteristics (i.e., gender, race/ethnicity, in- and out-of-state status, admit status, and GPA) when examining estimated and actual degree completion rates and provide us with an opportunity to take a proactive approach to student retention on our campus.

scholarly journals The Biopolitics of Immigration: A Genealogy of the “Hispanic Paradox”

Genealogy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Jordan Liz
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Hispanic Paradox ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Us ◽  
White Majority ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The “Hispanic Paradox” refers to the epidemiological finding that, despite a lower socioeconomic status, Hispanics tend to have health outcomes (especially regarding mortality rates and life expectancy) that are similar to, if not better than, US non-Hispanic Whites. Within the public health literature, a number of explanations have been proposed focusing on reproductive and fertility rates, biological differences, cultural and lifestyle advantages, the impact of selective migration to the US, among others. Despite the abundant literature on this topic since the late 1980s, little work has been done on the paradox from a philosophical perspective. In this paper, I seek to address this gap by offering a genealogy of the “Hispanic Paradox.” The bulk of this paper, then, focuses on exposing how the development of the Hispanic Paradox is epistemically tied to the prevailing anti-immigration discourse of the 1980s and 1990s. By highlighting the relationship between these two phenomena, this paper proposes a new direction for research into the biopolitics of immigration. More specifically, this paper suggests that the discourses of the “browning of America” and the Hispanic Paradox reveal a specifically biopolitical concern over the longevity of the United States as a White-majority country.

Development of a Research Tool to Monitor Point of Sale Promotions

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor Devlin ◽  
Susan Anderson ◽  
Ron Borland ◽  
Anne Marie MacKintosh ◽  
Gerard Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Marketing Tactics ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Tobacco Marketing ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Health

Social marketers are concerned both with the use of marketing to improve health, and in critically scrutinizing the impact of commercial marketing practices on health. This latter area is relatively underdeveloped. It requires the development of relevant and robust research tools. This article is concerned with developing an observation measure designed to explore the industry's response to tobacco marketing regulation in retail outlets. Given the restrictions on both direct and indirect forms of tobacco marketing in the UK, there has been scope for the tobacco industry to focus their marketing efforts in other areas, such as point of sale. A protocol has been developed to enable observation of any changes in the marketing tactics employed by the UK tobacco industry at the retailer level. This article describes the observation proforma designed to gauge activity, and provides guidance for administering such a measure on a longitudinal basis. The measure was generally reliable, and suggests that tobacco marketing at point of sale might be targeted towards lower socioeconomic status areas.

scholarly journals Public Opinion Toward Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baobao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Major Stakeholder ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of AI Governance synthesizes and discusses research on public opinion toward artificial intelligence (AI). Understanding citizens' and consumers' attitudes toward AI is important from a normative standpoint because the public is a major stakeholder in shaping the future of the technology and should have a voice in policy discussions. Furthermore, the research could help us anticipate future political and consumer behavior. Survey data worldwide show that the public is increasingly aware of AI; however, they -- unlike AI researchers -- tend to anthropomorphize AI. Demographic differences correlate with trust in AI in the abstract: those living in East Asia have higher levels of trust in AI, while women and those of lower socioeconomic status across different regions have lower levels of trust. Surveys that focus on particular AI applications, including facial recognition technology, personalization algorithms, lethal autonomous weapons, and workplace automation, add complexity to this research topic. I conclude this chapter by recommending four new topics for future studies: 1) institutional trust in actors building and deploying AI systems, 2) the impact of knowledge and experience on attitudes toward AI, 3) heterogeneity in attitudes toward AI, and 4) the relationship between attitudes and behavior.

Analysis of the influence of parents' going out on the mental health of left-behind children in rural areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Tao Guoqing
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Migrant Laborers ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Impact

With the continuous and deepening of urbanization in my country, more and more migrant laborers appear, accompanied by the emergence of left-behind children. As a representative of children with lower socioeconomic status, left-behind children in rural areas have different degrees of problems in physical and mental health and learning. This article uses China’s education tracking survey data to empirically analyze the impact of parents’going out on the mental health of left-behind children in rural areas. The study found that mothers play an indispensable role in the growth of children and have a significant impact on the development of children’s mental health. Therefore, in the policy of focusing on the protection of left-behind children, it is necessary to rationally allocate the arrangements for parents to take care of home and work outside to create a normal and suitable family atmosphere for the left-behind children.

127 Does Socioeconomic Status Impact Opioid Requirements in Burn Injured Patients with Methamphetamine Abuse?

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S85-S86
Author(s):  
Shawn Tejiram ◽  
Eve A Solomon ◽  
David G Greenhalgh ◽  
Tina L Palmieri ◽  
Soman Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Methamphetamine (MA) abuse among burn injured patients is associated with lower socioeconomic status, larger burn injuries, and longer lengths of stay. While overlap among MA and opioid abuse has risen, studies examining the impact of MA abuse and socioeconomic status on opioid requirements in burn injured patients remain limited. The aim of this work was to examine the impact of MA abuse and socioeconomic status on discharge opioid requirements in burn injured patients. Methods Records on burn injured patients admitted to an ABA verified burn center were retrospectively reviewed from January 2016 to December 2017. Demographics, burn size (TBSA), admission toxicity screening, discharge pain scores, length of stay (LOS), adjuvant pain medications, and opioid equivalents (OE) within 24 hours of discharge were reviewed. OEs were determined by conversion of narcotics to oral morphine equivalents. Patients were grouped into methamphetamine positive (MPOS) or negative groups (MNEG) for comparison purposes. Results Of 690 patients who met inclusion criteria, 451 admission toxicity screening exams were performed that identified 170 patients positive for methamphetamine abuse. MNEG patients had significantly higher OE (p=0.03) requirements than MPOS patients. No significant differences were noted between gender (p=0.22), TBSA (p=0.70), benzodiazepine use (p=0.87), or clonidine use (p = 0.88) between groups. MPOS patients were less likely to receive gabapentin (p=0.03). OE and OE/TBSA requirements correlated with discharge pain score (p < 0.001) and LOS (p < 0.001). A significantly higher level of poverty was seen in MPOS patients (p < 0.0001), but poverty itself was not a predictor of OE (p = 0.66), OE/TBSA (p = 0.90), pain score (p = 0.28), or LOS (0.49). Multivariate linear regression found MNEG status (p=0.003), TBSA (p< 0.0001), and pain score (p< 0.0001) were independently associated with OE. Conclusions Though lower socioeconomic status was seen more in patients with MA abuse, it was not associated with opioid use or pain scores. While it is generally believed that MPOS patients require more pain medication, this was not the case in our current study population. Additional work will be necessary to determine techniques to improve pain control. Applicability of Research to Practice Given the opioid crisis, it is critical to understand factors that determine pain medication usage in this patient population to decrease the use of narcotics while improving pain control.

THE IMPACT OF CROSS-CULTURAL SERVICE-LEARNING ON UNDERGRADUATE SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF CULTURE, RACE, AND ECONOMIC JUSTICE

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARA SANDERS ◽  
PEGGY MCFARLAND ◽  
JILL SUNDAY BARTOLLI
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Social Work Students ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Cultural Service ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

This study1 examines the effect of service-learning in urban settings on students' values and their attitudes toward individuals of lower socioeconomic status and of different racial and ethnic back grounds. A series of focus groups was conducted during one semester to identify changes in students' attitudes. A series of themes was identified, which demonstrated how students' attitudes toward people of lower socioeconomic status changed as a result of the service-learning experience. This study also includes strategies for integrating service-learning in social work education.

scholarly journals Variable Use of African American English Across Two Language Sampling Contexts

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1115-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Washington ◽  
Holly K. Craig ◽  
Amy J. Kushmaul
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
African American ◽  
American English ◽  
Free Play ◽  
African American English ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Language Sampling ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
The Impact

This investigation compares the impact of two language sampling elicitation contexts, free play and picture description, on variability in the use of African American English (AAE). Subjects were 65 normally-developing African American 4;4- to 6;3-year-old boys and girls from lower socioeconomic status homes. Comparisons of AAE production in the first 50 C units revealed significant differences by context. Picture descriptions elicited more AAE usage overall, a larger set of AAE types, and took less time. Gender differences in the use of AAE tokens were also apparent, with the boys using significantly more tokens than girls in the free play context. The use of AAE types and tokens was comparable for boys and girls in the picture description context. The advantages of language sampling with pictures to determine dialect usage is discussed.

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