scholarly journals BIOCHAR PRODUCTION FROM WASTE BIOMASS: CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION FOR AGRONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS

Detritus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Frantseska-Maria Pellera ◽  
Panagiotis Regkouzas ◽  
Ioanna Manolikaki ◽  
Evan Diamadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Biomass Characterization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Selection Of

This study focused on the valorization of different types of waste biomass through biochar production at two pyrolysis temperatures (400 and 600°C). The different feedstocks being used included three materials of municipal origin, specifically two types of sewage sludge and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, and three materials of agroindustrial origin, specifically grape pomace, rice husks and exhausted olive pomace. The scope of the research was to characterize the resulting materials, in order to evaluate their possible uses in agronomic and environmental applications. Biochar characterization included the determination of several physical and chemical parameters, while germination assays were also carried out. Under the investigated conditions, both pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type appeared to significantly affect biochar characteristics, leading to the production of versatile materials, with many different possible uses. Specifically, results implied that biochars of both municipal and agroindustrial origin have the potential to effectively be used in applications including the improvement of soil characteristics, carbon sequestration, the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from aqueous media, and the remediation of contaminated soil, with the degree of suitability of each material to each specific use being estimated to differ depending on its particular characteristics. For this reason, with these characteristics in mind, before proceeding to larger scale applications a cautious selection of materials should be conducted.

Biochar production from waste biomass: Characterization and evaluation for potential applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frantseska-Maria Pellera ◽  
Panagiotis Regkouzas ◽  
Ioanna Manolikaki ◽  
Evan Diamadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Framework Materials ◽  
Biomass Characterization ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>In the last years, global focus has been directing towards the circular economy model. In this framework materials that had so far been regarded as waste, are now considered as valuable resources for both energy and added-value materials recovery. In this context, more and more valorization methods and technologies are being developed for waste valorization, with biomass materials of municipal and agroindustrial origin constituting ideal options, due to both composition and availability.</p><p>Biochar generation from waste biomass is a method with high potential for effectively valorizing such residual resources, by providing not only a waste management option, but also multiple agronomic and environmental benefits. In fact, biochar materials are characterized by high versatility as far as their applications are concerned. Due to their wide variety of properties, biochars can be used in various applications, such the use as an adsorbent for contaminant removal from water or wastewater, or the use as an amendment for improving soil characteristics and remediating contaminated sites.</p><p>In the present study, six different waste biomass feedstocks, specifically three of municipal origin, namely two types of sewage sludge and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, and three of agroindustrial origin, namely grape pomace, rice husks and exhausted olive pomace, were used to generate biochar through pyrolysis at two different temperatures, i.e. 400 and 600 °C. The resulting carbonaceous materials were then characterized through a series of analyses. Based on both physical and chemical biochar properties, it was able to evaluate their potential use in different applications, for agronomic or environmental purposes.</p>

scholarly journals A New Test of Filterability for Unprocessed Wines Evaluation of the Enzyme Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Amélie Vallet-Courbin ◽  
Soizic Lacampagne ◽  
Rose Marie Canal-Llauberes ◽  
Sigolène Mattalana Malzieu ◽  
Tihomir Kanev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Enzyme Efficiency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

A new Test of Filterability has been developed. Measurements carried out with different types of wines indicate that the new filterability index is a useful tool for understanding and predicting the propensity to fouling of treated or untreated wines, e.g. with or without enzyme addition. The measurement method used in the Test of Filterability, requires only one type of membrane for all types of wine, and uses the same equipment as the traditional Fouling Index. Numerous trials have demonstrated that the filtration of wines is governed by standard blocking law. The definition of the new Test of Filterability, based on this filtration law, is proposed. The choice of membrane and the selection of the optimal pore size were based on the results of the experiments. Current methods used for the determination of fouling properties in wine filtration have been developed for the membrane filtration of small quantities of suspended matter. Enzyme treatment is a process often used in wine clarification. The new Test of Filterability indicates the best conditions for the filtration of all types of wines. The test is easy to implement and has been validated with various wines. This new Test of Filterability is an important tool for winemakers as it constitutes a simplified test of a wine's filterability. The new test may also be used to determine the filtration process that is best adapted to each wine while reducing the number of operations. The same approach may be adopted for the filtration of other liquids. 

scholarly journals ДИЗАЙН-ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ СУКОНЬ З ОЗДОБЛЕННЯМ З УРАХУВАННЯМ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ТКАНИН

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
К. Л. Пашкевич ◽  
О. В. Єжова ◽  
Т. Ф. Кротова ◽  
Н. Д. Креденець ◽  
Лю Цзянсінь ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Selection Of

To study the specifics of design-projection of clothes with finishing, considering the properties of fabrics. The system approach, as well as the methods of system-structural and morphological analysis, are used. The current collections of women`s clothes, presented by modern designers, have been analyzed; the current fashion trends in manufacturing and finishing of dress fabrics and products, made from such fabrics, have been identified; the classification of types of finishing of clothes has been presented. The frequency of occurrence of different types of finishing in the collections of world-famous designers in 2011 – 2019 has been determined. Physical and mechanical properties of samples of dress fabrics have been studied, in particular: thickness, surface density, abruption characteristics; their interconnections have been identified. The recommendations on the selection of fabrics for the creation of modern women`s dresses using different types of finishing (flat, volumetric) have been developed. The interconnections between physical and mechanical parameters of dress fabrics are identified, and the recommendations on the selection of fabrics for the creation of modern women`s dresses using the finishing based on the tectonic approach are developed. The conducted set of scientific researches on the design-projection of women`s dresses, based on the tectonic approach, and the determination of physical and mechanical parameters of dress fabrics are the basis for the development of recommendations on the selection of fabrics for the manufacturing of dresses with a variety of finishes.

scholarly journals Mechanical characteristics, as well as physical-and-chemical properties of the slag-filled concretes, and investigation of the predictive power of the metaheuristic approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Borodin ◽  
Nurlan Zhangabayuly Zhangabay
Keyword(s):  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Network Algorithms ◽  
Optimisation Algorithm ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Statistical Determination ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Swarm Intelligence Algorithm ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractOur article is devoted to development and verification of the metaheuristic optimisation algorithm in the course of selection of the compositional proportions of the slag-filled concretes. The experimental selection of various compositions and working modes, which ensure one and the same fixed level of a basic property, is the very labour-intensive and time-consuming process. This process cannot be feasible in practice in many situations, for example, in the cases, where it is necessary to investigate composite materials with equal indicators of resistance to aggressive environments or with equal share of voids in the certain range of dimensions. There are many similar articles in the scientific literature. Therefore, it is possible to make the conclusion on the topicality of the above-described problem. In our article, we will consider development of the methodology of the automated experimental-and-statistical determination of optimal compositions of the slag-filled concretes. In order to optimise search of local extremums of the complicated functions of the multi-factor analysis, we will utilise the metaheuristic optimisation algorithm, which is based on the concept of the swarm intelligence. Motivation in respect of utilisation of the swarm intelligence algorithm is conditioned by the absence of the educational pattern, within which it is not necessary to establish a certain pattern of learning as it is necessary to do in the neural-network algorithms. In the course of performance of this investigation, we propose this algorithm, as well as procedure of its verification on the basis of the immediate experimental verification.

scholarly journals Influence of NaCl on the polymerization of vinyl monomers by the suspension process

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Erika Montero ◽  
David Contreras-López ◽  
Rosalba Fuentes ◽  
María Del Rosario Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Suspension Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The production of artificial polymers is, today, one of themost important activities of the chemical industry, polymersare widely used in everyday life, as, there are different types of polymers, they can be used for different uses. These polymeric materials have unique mechanical, physical and chemical properties, which most other materials do not possess, not to mention that its cost is lower than the other materials. The present research work focuses on the determination of optimal operating conditions for the polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate in a Batch reactor, as well as the influence of inorganic salt in this case NaCl in the performance of reaction and in the size of the material polymer, through the process of suspension using a synthetic route of polymerization by radical free conventional (FRP), where viscometry to the polymeric material testing was performed for this way characterize it, and to determine factors of interest such as the molecular weight, etc.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutritive Value of Mango Juices Found in Bangladeshi Markets

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Islam ◽  
S Morshed ◽  
S Saha ◽  
FB Quader ◽  
MK Alam
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Health Value ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mango Juice ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Mango Juices

Health valued juices extracted from various available fruits are familiar to people all over the world. Mango is an important fruit because of its abundance, taste and health value. Mango juice is made from mango extract. So, investigation of mango juice is needed for evaluation its health value by determining different types of nutritive parameter and comparative studies. Our research deals with the investigation of 8 types of mango juices of different local and foreign companies available in the markets of Bangladesh for the determination of pH, moisture content, TSS, sugar content, fat, ascorbic acid, protein, acidity and ash content. All the parameters are determined by the conventional physical and chemical methods including Floch method, Kjeldal method. This study demonstrates that mango juices contain a considerable amount of different types of these nutritive factors. The results of this study were compared to the original mango extract which will be helpful for consumers to consider the nutritional and safety of mango juices.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 95-98 2015

scholarly journals Distorsion of Isochromatic Fringes in the Process of Stress Measurement in Structural Part by Photoelasticimetry

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Peter Frankovský ◽  
Oskar Ostertag ◽  
Ingrid Delyová
Keyword(s):  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Recording Medium ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Structural Part ◽  
Isochromatic Fringes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Color Spectrum ◽  
Fringe Patterns ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn the article we show the possibility of distorting the results of the experiment by photoelasticity path, in case the isochromatic fringe patterns are recorded by the camera. The recording of the color spectrum may be distorted by inappropriate selection of the recording medium, which is reflected by different types of aberrations. Transferring a record to a computer allows you to automate the experiment process, thus saving time to work with isochromatic fringes. As an example, we present the experimental determination of the stresses of the rotor with a symmetrical arm. The analysis was performed using software developed by the authors. This software enables full automation of the experiment process. The rotor is investigated by the method of reflection photoelasticity. The experimental solution is realized as a case of periodically repeating dynamic effects, in which a stroboscopic source of white light is needed. The results of the experiment are compared with the numerical solution and their dependence is represented by diagram.

Patient Selection and Appliance Design in Intra-oral Models

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 908-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Ten Cate
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Patient Selection ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In Situ Studies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Selection Of

The conclusions derived from in situ studies are influenced by the choices made with respect to parameters of the intra-oral model systems. In an attempt to reach a consensus, this paper considers the variables (a) selection of panelists and (b) appliance design. On both topics, a short review of available systems is given. The objectives of the intra-oral study may vary from the determination of oral physiological parameters to assessment of the effects of caries-preventive treatments. This objective is a factor influencing the choice of experimental conditions. Recommendations for panelist selection and appliance design are given for different types of studies. It is concluded that relatively little information is available about the effects of individual parameters on the performance of a model. Therefore, for an assessment of caries-preventive effectiveness, an intra-oral model should be validated against clinical trials. In addition, conditions should be chosen such as to limit the degree of artificiality of the model.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mexican waste biomass relative to energy generation

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8529-8553
Author(s):  
José Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones ◽  
Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽  
Rocio Orihuela-Equihua ◽  
Nicolás González-Ortega ◽  
María Alejandra Ramírez-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Tropical Woods ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In this work, physical and chemical analyses of 28 sawdust samples (tropical woods, pine woods, and oak woods) derived from the primary process of wood transformation and 4 samples of citrus residues were performed, as an option to make densified biofuels. The study included the determination of initial moisture, particle size distribution, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, calculation of the calorific value, and ash microanalysis. The initial moisture content of the biomass samples ranged from 6.04 to 75.21%. The biomass granulometry results indicate that the highest proportion corresponds to the 1.0-mm (33.10%) (Fraction retained in mesh 0.5 mm). Other results obtained indicate the following ranges: ash content (0.27 to 6.27%), volatile matter (78.90 to 90.50%), fixed carbon (9.10 to 20.44%), carbon (49.13 to 50.78%), oxygen (42.62 to 44.49%), and hydrogen (5.24 to 6.55%). The calculated calorific value ranged from 17.65 MJ/kg to 20.72 MJ/kg. The chemical elements with the highest concentration in the biomass samples were K and Ca, followed in some cases by Al and P. The biomass with the greatest possibilities for making densified biofuels of better quality is the group of pine woods because they have low mineral content, low nitrogen content, and high calorific value.

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