scholarly journals Characterization of Mexican waste biomass relative to energy generation

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8529-8553
Author(s):  
José Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones ◽  
Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽  
Rocio Orihuela-Equihua ◽  
Nicolás González-Ortega ◽  
María Alejandra Ramírez-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Tropical Woods ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In this work, physical and chemical analyses of 28 sawdust samples (tropical woods, pine woods, and oak woods) derived from the primary process of wood transformation and 4 samples of citrus residues were performed, as an option to make densified biofuels. The study included the determination of initial moisture, particle size distribution, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, calculation of the calorific value, and ash microanalysis. The initial moisture content of the biomass samples ranged from 6.04 to 75.21%. The biomass granulometry results indicate that the highest proportion corresponds to the 1.0-mm (33.10%) (Fraction retained in mesh 0.5 mm). Other results obtained indicate the following ranges: ash content (0.27 to 6.27%), volatile matter (78.90 to 90.50%), fixed carbon (9.10 to 20.44%), carbon (49.13 to 50.78%), oxygen (42.62 to 44.49%), and hydrogen (5.24 to 6.55%). The calculated calorific value ranged from 17.65 MJ/kg to 20.72 MJ/kg. The chemical elements with the highest concentration in the biomass samples were K and Ca, followed in some cases by Al and P. The biomass with the greatest possibilities for making densified biofuels of better quality is the group of pine woods because they have low mineral content, low nitrogen content, and high calorific value.

Mechanical, physical and chemical properties of saw dust briquette

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Arul Kumar ◽  
H. Kanaga Sabapathy ◽  
I. Neethimanickam
Keyword(s):  
Mass Density ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Shearing Strength ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The present study deals with determination of physical, mechanical and combustion characteristics like mass, density, compressive strength, shearing strength, moisture content, total ash content, fixed carbon, volatile matter, gross calorific value of Sawdust briquette. Briquette quality is evaluated mainly by briquette density. Briquette density is very important from the viewpoint of manipulation, burning speed, briquette durability, etc. During our research, theoretical analyses of parameters which have an impact on briquette quality were conducted. The sawdust sample produced using super-70 piston press machine. The compression test and shear test were conducted for three sawdust sample using compression testing machine. For quality and durability evaluation of the manufactured briquette the density and strength properties were determined. To determine the calorific value and proximate analysis of the briquette using the tests carried out in the lab.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OFWASTE BIOMASS FROM GREENHOUSE ROSE CULTIVATION AND PACKAGING

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cascone ◽  
Alessandro D'Emilio ◽  
Erika Buccellato
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Waste Biomass

In this work a characterization of the waste biomass originating from a rose cultivation under greenhouse was carried out. Two types of biomass were examined: one made of both branches and leaves, and the other made up only of branches. For each type of biomass the following properties were determined: percentage of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, content of moisture, volatile matter and ashes, gross and net calorific value. The results show that the biomass made of only branches has a better quality than the biomass with leaves for use in thermo-chemical processes.

Fuel Briquettes from Sisal Waste in Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Udomdeja Polyium ◽  
Amornrat Pigoolthong
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The research aims to develop fuel briquettes from sisal waste material mixed with bagasse. Sisal wastes were collected from Hub Kapong Royal Project Phetchaburi Province Thailand. These material were mixed according to the ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 respectively. Characterization of physical and chemical properties of fuel briquettes were determined by percentage moisture content, percentage ash content, percentage volatile matter, percentage fixed carbon, and calorific value with the standard number ASTM 3173, ASTM D 3175, ASTM D 3174, ASTM D 3177 and ASTM D 3286 respectively. The results show that percentage moisture content values of 9.98 - 18.14, percentage volatile matter values of 42.59 - 68.04, percentage ash content values of 16.05 -25.41, percentage fixed carbon values of 5.93 - 13.86 and calorific values of 1,820.52 - 2,485.19 kcal/kg. Fuel briquettes to be used as a fuel substitute for firewood and charcoal.

scholarly journals Determination of the Proximate Composition, Physicochemical Analysis and Characterization of Fatty Acid on the Seed and Oil of Gossypium Hirsutum

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okonkwo S. I. ◽  
Okafor E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Carbohydrate

<p>The proximate composition, physicochemical analysis and characterization of <em>gossypium hirsutum</em> seed and its oil was carried out. The parameters that were studied in proximate analysis include (percentage) % moisture, % crude protein, % crude fiber, % ash content, % lipid. The total % carbohydrate content of the seed was 30.49<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>0.4 and the estimated % energy value was 435.58. The chemical parameters analyzed on the oil include iodine value, saponification value, free fatty acid (FFA) value and % volatile matter. In the characterization of fatty acid present in the oil with GC-MS Spectroscopy system, the major unsaturated fatty acid values were 14.53% for oleic acid and 55.38% for linoleic acid while the palmitic acid and stearic acid values which were saturated acid are 27.39% and 2.23% respectively. The percentage values of the rest of the fatty acid present in the oil were very low. The parameters determined were within the international and Nigerian industrial standard for vegetable oil.</p>

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of leaf-based biobriquette with tapioca as adhesives

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Otong Nurhilal ◽  
◽  
Sri Suryaningsih ◽  
Sisilia Nusi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Samanea Saman

The fall leaves waste are abundantly and freely available from trees which are grown aims for reforestation and environmental sustainability purposes such as Samanea saman, Filicium decipiens, and mahogany trees. However, burning fallen leaves used to be standard practice across some local areas though most municipalities now ban or discourage the incendiary practice due to the air pollution causes bad impact to human health and the environment, and often results in dangerous wildfires. Also, ash particulates irritate the eyes and throat and restrict visibility. On the other hand, the powder of those dried leaves is potential raw materials for briquettes as an alternative source of energy provide proper carbonation process. This paper reports the preparation and characterization of briquettes from the powder of those dry leaves utilized tapioca as an adhesive. The proximate analysis showed that the lowest water content was 6.13% obtained from carbonization of Filicium decipiens briquettes, the lowest ash content was 4.66% for non-carbonization briquettes Samanea saman, the lowest volatile matter was 29.85% for carbonization briquette Samanea saman, the highest fixed carbon was 49.32% for briquette carbonization Samanea saman. The highest calorific value was 5,236 cal/g received from carbonized Filicium decipiens briquettes. It was concluded that the use of tapioca as adhesive could improve the calorific value of as prepared briquettes.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Woody Cutting Waste Briquette with Paper Waste Pulp as Binder

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 00030
Author(s):  
Qurrotin Ayunina Maulida Okta Arifianti ◽  
Azmi Alvian Gabriel ◽  
Syarif Hidayatulloh ◽  
Kuntum Khoiro Ummatin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Combustion Characteristic ◽  
Paper Waste ◽  
Iron Mold

The current research aimed to increase the calorific value of woody cutting waste briquette with paper waste pulp as binder. There were three different binder variation used in this study, they are 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %. To create a briquette, a cylindrical iron mold with diameter of 3.5 cm and height of 3 cm and a hydraulic press with 2 t power were applied. The physical characteristics of the combination woody waste briquette and paper waste pulp, such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and carbon fix were examined using proximate analysis. The calorific value of briquetted fuel was tested by bomb calorimeter. The combustion test was performed to determine the combustion characteristic of briquettes, for example initial ignition time, temperature distribution, and combustion process duration. The general result shows that the calorific value of briquette stood in the range of 4 876 kCal kg–1 to 4 993 kCal kg–1. The maximum moisture content of briquette was 5.32 %. The longest burning time was 105 min.

scholarly journals Physical, Chemical-physical and chemical characterization of must and integral juice in grape cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. T. S. Viana ◽  
G. V. A. Fonseca ◽  
G. H. Bueno ◽  
J. O. F. Melo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Flame Emission ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Grape Cultivars

In recent years there has been an important increase in the production of grape derivatives such as integral grape juice. Thus, it was intended with the accomplishment of this study to evaluate the composition of the grape juice of the grape cultivars: Bordô, Concord e Isabel in the composition of integral grape juice from the Bento Gonçalves-RS. The samples were evaluated for classical analysis:°Brix, pH, titratable acidity, ratio Brix / titratable acidity made through methods, physics, physical chemistry and chemistry. The mineral elements sodium and potassium analyzed by flame emission and color intensity by colorimetry. For the statistical analysis of the data, the Tukey test was applied at the 5% level of significance. The contents of integral grape juice evaluated, SS, A Tand minerals presented according to the legislation, the pH was within the comparative average with other works. The determination of the color demonstrated the need to make cuts.

scholarly journals Measuring specific surface area of snow by near-infrared photography

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (179) ◽  
pp. 558-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret Matzl ◽  
Martin Schneebeli
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Chemical Models ◽  
Snow Stratigraphy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractThe specific surface area (SSA) is considered an essential microstructural parameter for the characterization of snow. Photography in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum is sensitive to the SSA. We calculated the snow reflectance from calibrated NIR images of snow-pit walls and measured the SSA of samples obtained at the same locations. This new method is used to map the snow stratigraphy. The correlation between reflectance and SSA was found to be 90%. Calibrated NIR photography allows quantitative determination of SSA and its spatial variation in a snow profile in two dimensions within an uncertainty of 15%. In an image covering 0.5–1.0 m2, even layers of 1mm thickness can be documented and measured. Spatial maps of SSA are an important tool in initializing and validating physical and chemical models of the snowpack.

Characterization of Various Types Coal Using Capacitance Measurement Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 506-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didied Haryono ◽  
Desiani ◽  
Mahfudz Al Huda ◽  
Warsito P. Taruno ◽  
Marlin R. Baidillah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Capacitance Measurement ◽  
Rank One ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Signal Characterization

Each type of coal has different composition and properties, which determine the coal rank. One of the new methods for determining the quality of coal is by measuring its capacitance. It is formerly known that the difference in the moisture content of coal can be determined from the difference in its dielectric properties. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the various types of coal based on capacitance measurement. The samples used are Lignite, Sub-bituminous, Bituminous, and Anthracite. The proximate analysis testing was done to determine the content of moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon. Capacitance value is measured using 2-channel data acquisition system (DAS) and parallel plate capacitive sensor at frequency 2.5 MHz. The results shows that the capacitance values of each type of coal are different. The capacitance value is affected by moisture content of coal since the moisture content and capacitance value have a linear correlation. And also, the signal characterization using frequency from 1 kHz to 5 MHz was performed to verify whether the frequency used in the DAS is able to characterize coal types.

scholarly journals A comprehensive analytical characterization of Greek lignite bottom ash samples

2020 ◽  
pp. 299-299
Author(s):  
Andreas Iordanidis ◽  
Argyro Asvesta ◽  
Ioannis Kapageridis ◽  
Agapi Vasileiadou ◽  
Kyros Koios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Of Greece

Bottom ash samples were collected from four lignite power plants of Greece. Granulometric analysis was executed and after homogenization four distinct fractions (>1.25, 0.63-1.25, 0.18-0.63, <0.18 mm) were obtained. The samples were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive System (EDS), while thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and stereomicroscope viewing were applied for the coarse fractions. Furthermore, proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatiles, fixed carbon) was undertaken and Loss on Ignition (LOI) and calorific values were determined. The particle size distribution revealed that bottom ash satisfies the gradation criteria for concrete and geotechnical applications. The mineral composition included mainly amorphous matter, quartz, plagioclase, calcite and gehlenite and minor amounts of pyroxene, portlandite, hematite, micas etc.. The chemical analysis showed Si, Ca, Al, Mg, Fe, S as major and Ti and K as minor chemical elements, indicating high slagging and fouling potential within the thermal chambers. Based on the chemistry and mineralogy of the bottom ash samples, a potential utilization in concrete manufacturing is discussed, taking into account certain limitations. Based on LOI, proximate analysis, calorific values and TG/DTG profiles of the coarse fractions (>1.25 mm), certain differences in the characteristics of the bottom ash of the younger and the three older power plants were observed. High amounts of unburnt carbon were determined in the coarse fraction (>1.25 mm) of all plants except the younger one, indicating a problematic combustion within the chambers and a potential of reburning these coarse material in a waste to energy application.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document