scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of Evaporative Cooling for Enhancing Photovoltaic Panels Efficiency Using Underground Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 14-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwa M. Kadhim ◽  
Issam Mohamed Ali Aljubury
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Cooling Module

This paper presents an experimental study of cooling photovoltaic (PV) panels using evaporative cooling. Underground (geothermal energy) water used to extract heat from it during cooling and cleaning of PV panels. An experimental test rig was constructed and tested under hot and dusty climate conditions in Baghdad. An active cooling system was used with auxiliary an underground water tank to provide cold water as a coolant over both PV surfaces to reduce its temperature. The cellulose pad has been arranged on the back surface and sprays cooling on the front side. Two identical PV panels modules used: without cooling and evaporative water cooling. The experiments are comprised of four cases: Case (I): backside cooling, Case (II): front and back cooling (pump supply water every 35 minutes), Case (III): cooling both sides using Arduino controller. Water cooling pump operation depending on the panel temperatures (temperature sensors were installed on the front of the panel), Case (IV): Repeating case III with different water flow rates. Experimental results showed that the average reduction in module temperatures was 4, 8,12.2 and 12.6 ⁰C respectively by Case (I), (II), (III) and (IV) with respect to a non-cooling module. Using evaporative water cooling achieved a total improvement of 1.74%, 2.8%, 15.8%, and 16% in the conversion efficiency of the panel by the Case (I), (II), (III) and (IV) respectively when compared to a non-cooling module.

Applicability Research on Evaporative Cooling Technology in Hunan Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 1679-1683
Author(s):  
Qin Ouyang ◽  
Guang Xiao Kou ◽  
Min Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System

According to the climate conditions of Hunan province and the design parameters related to air conditioning, the energy consumption and the related characteristics of the liquid desiccant evaporative cooling system (LDECS) are compared with primary return air conditioning system. The results show that energy consumption of LDECS can be decreased by 11.78% compared to the primary return air system. LDECS has a certain degree of energy saving potential in Hunan province, especially when waste heat is available.

Methods of cooling subjects with hyperpyrexia

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Wyndham ◽  
N. B. Strydom ◽  
H. M. Cooke ◽  
J. S. Maritz ◽  
J. F. Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Reliable Index ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Significant Difference

Six volunteers raised their rectal temperatures to 104℉ by 40–50 minutes' work at 93℉ wet-bulb temperature. The rates of fall in rectal temperatures were studied during cooling by six different methods. The most rapid method of cooling occurred when subjects sat at rest in an air condition of 90℉ dry bulb and 87℉ wet bulb and evaporative cooling was accelerated by wetting the body surface continuously for 1 hour; no significant difference in cooling was observed between airflows of 120 ft/min. and a jet of compressed air held 1–3 ft from subjects. Merely seating individuals in air conditions of 70℉ with 20% relative humidity in still air was almost as effective. Immersion in cold water and sitting in air conditions of 90℉ (D.B.) and 87℉ (W.B.) without aiding evaporative cooling are significantly less effective than the foregoing methods. Resting subjects at 97℉ (D.B.), 93℉ (W.B.) and 120 ft/min. air velocity results in very slow cooling. ‘Afterdrop’ in rectal temperature after ice-cold water cooling may be associated with severe circulatory shock. Oral temperatures are a less reliable index of core temperature than rectal. Submitted on February 16, 1959

Annual thermal performance assessment of a regenerative evaporative cooling system under different climate conditions in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110457
Author(s):  
Enrique Mitz-Hernandez ◽  
Miguel Gijón-Rivera ◽  
Carlos I. Rivera-Solorio
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System

A numerical heat and mass transfer model with thermophysical properties dependent on the temperature, humidity ratio and atmospheric pressure was developed. The numerical model was verified and validated against literature, and it showed good agreements. The pseudo-transient model provides a low-cost computational tool to evaluate the potential and performance of a dew point evaporative cooling system for a wide range of extreme climate conditions (BWh, BSh, Cw and Aw from Köppen classification). A parametric analysis of different operational and design conditions in the evaporative cooler was conducted. Results show that there is an optimal channel length for given climatic conditions. The Dew-point evaporative cooling (DPEC) system showed that the best thermal performance corresponds to the climate very arid (Hermosillo – BWh) with 4018 comfort hours (83.1%) followed by the climate arid (Monterrey – BSh) with 3470 comfort hours (90.9%), the mild climate (Puebla – Cw) with 295 comfort hours (100%) and the warm climate (Cancun – Aw) with 3452 comfort hours (62.3%). Finally, an engineering correlation for constant atmospheric pressure and channel length was obtained ([Formula: see text] of 93%).

Application of Cold Water Cycle for Indoor Cooling System

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 809-812
Author(s):  
Xin Qi Yu ◽  
Zhi Xu ◽  
Qing Gang Liu ◽  
Dong Dong Yuan ◽  
Jia Hui Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

A small indoor cooling system through cold water circulation is introduced in this paper. The system mainly includes cooling pool, cold water circulation equipment, indoor heat exchanger, temperature measurement equipment and induction controlling equipment. The indoor cooling is achieved by heat transfer between the natural underground water of lower temperature and indoor air of higher temperature, and it is different from the traditional compression refrigeration system in which a great amount of electric energy is consumed while the refrigerant is compressed. Compared with the ordinary air conditioning system, this system has obvious advantages on economy, application potential and energy conservation in rural developing areas.

An Analysis of Florida’s Sea Water Cooling Resource

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin N. Porak ◽  
James H. VanZwieten ◽  
Benjamin Wiles
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Plant Model ◽  
Fort Lauderdale ◽  
Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model

AbstractA study to assess the sea water cooling (SWC) feasibility in southeast Florida was conducted using simulated and measured sea water temperatures. These data were input into a representative SWC system model to quantify potential energy savings over conventional cooling systems. The HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model was used to characterize near-bottom temperatures statewide, predicting that minimum temperatures needed for effective SWC are closest to the shore off the coasts of Fort Lauderdale and Miami. Numerous in situ data sets recently collected near Fort Lauderdale/Miami are presented alongside several historic data sets to further enhance temperature resource information. These data suggest that a cold water resource with a mean temperature of 8°C‐10°C is present off Fort Lauderdale in 160‐220 m of water and 7°C‐9°C is present off Miami in 200‐300 m of water. Both cold water resources are located approximately 6 km from the shore. These temperatures vary significantly at frequencies between 2 days and 2 weeks, with cooler temperatures during the summer suggesting a seasonal variation. An SWC plant model is presented that was used to predict the electric power needed to operate a generic 10-MW (2,857-ton) AC system, which is compared with a traditional unassisted AC system. The plant model, with 3 years of HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model temperature data, predicted that, in South Miami, an SWC system can operate using the least amount of average electrical power in the state. At this location, the chilling system is estimated to operate at an average power savings of 86.9%, and a total comfort cooling system is estimated to operate at an average power savings of 58%, when compared with a traditional AC system.

scholarly journals Performance of off-grid photovoltaic cooling system with two-stage energy storage combining battery and cold water tank

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 574-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengjia Wang ◽  
Liang Hu ◽  
Yanfeng Liu ◽  
Jiaping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Two Stage

Performance Evaluation of Combined Photovoltaic Thermal Water Cooling System for Hot Climate Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salem Ahmed ◽  
A. S. A. Mohamed ◽  
Hussein M. Maghrabie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Water Cooling System

Solar electric power generation utilizing photovoltaic (PV) modules is associated with low electrical efficiency that substantially decreases as its surface temperature exceeds an appropriate limit, particularly in hot climate regions. Consequently, it is required to keep PV modules relatively under a condition of low temperature using a cooling system as possible. The present experimental study evaluates the performance of the combined photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) module employing a water cooling system attached to the back surface during June for the city of Sohag in Egypt. The experimental results show that utilizing a water cooling system decreases the average surface temperature of the PV module from 44.8 °C to 30.3 °C on the back side and from 46.6 °C to 36.9 °C on the front side. The maximum value of the thermal heat gain of the PV/T module that is maintained at noon equals 230 W, and the corresponding value of the electrical power output is 34.4 W. Furthermore, the electrical efficiency of the PV/T module is 8% higher than that of the PV module without a water cooling system. Finally, the maximum and average values of the overall efficiency of PV/T module are 76.4% and 68.9%, respectively.

Study on the Cleaning and Descaling Anticorrosion Technology of Water Cooling Engine without Disassembling

2008 ◽  
Vol 373-374 ◽  
pp. 836-839
Author(s):  
Hai Jiang ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Yao Gang Yu ◽  
Zheng Gen Yu ◽  
Xin Bo Lan
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Cleaning Agent ◽  
Engine Cooling ◽  
Water Port ◽  
Conducting Polyaniline

Through analyzing the causes and damage of the fouling in water channel of water cooling engine, this paper develops a new kind of compound cleaning and descaling agent and conducting polyaniline corrosion agent of the water tank. This new cleaning agent is stable and harmless, and can be added to the cooling system directly without the special equipment. With the circulation of the coolant, the agent can remove the scale, and then the removed scale flows out of the auto with the coolant. Except for this new cleaning agent, the antiseptic, whose major agent is the conducting polyaniline, can decrease and even stop the corrosion of the water tank and cooling system’s parts, and at the same time, the formation of the scale can also be restrained notably. When the agent is in use, it can be added(press 1% ratio to join) wholly into the water port, or complemented at any time, so that the quick cleaning and the anticorrosion are realized without disassembling and corroding the engine. By using these agents the cleaning efficiency of the engine cooling system is improved, the favorable engine’s technology situation is kept, and the engine’s life-span is also increased efficiently.

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