scholarly journals Detection, Screening and Molecular Characterization of Potential Actinobacterium from Lime-dwelling Powder for Extra Cellular Cellulase

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Sudarshan A ◽  
Renuka S. Talwar ◽  
Reshma S ◽  
Shilanjali B ◽  
Dayanand Agsar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Lime Powder

Actinobacteria, conventionally known as actinomycetes are the most unique microorganisms revealing a link between bacteria and fungi. They are highly adaptable to extreme environmental condition and also exhibit a high diversity in metabolic activities. Biochemical, physiological and genetic features are mainly responsible for their higher adoptability to harsh conditions and extra cellular synthesis of wider secondary metabolites in general and enzymes and antibiotics in particular. The limestone quarry and lime powder dwellings are the harsh habitats prevailing in the northern region of Karnataka. These are the typical habitats left behind after the exploration of limestone and lime powder for highly commercial industrial activities such as production of cement and petroleum refining process respectively. In the present investigation, efforts were made to detect cellulolytic actinobacteria from lime powder dwellings. Actinobacteria confirmed by the basic colony characters, microscopic features, biochemical and physiological properties were screened for the potential cellulolytic activity. In all 54 isolates of actinobacteria were detected and screened to obtain three best cellulolytic actinobacteria, namely DSA22, DSA38 and DSA39. The maximum zone of hydrolysis on carboxymethylcellulose medium was an important criterion to screen the best cellulolytic isolates of actinobacteria. Further, the three best isolates of cellulolytic actinobacteria were screened for maximum production of extra cellular cellulase. The isolate DSA22 with higher enzyme activity (12 IU) was subjected to molecular characterization. Based on 16s rRNA analysis (BioEra Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra) an isolate DSA 22 was identified as Streptomyces enissocaesiles.  

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A PURPLE NONSULFUR BACTERIUM ISOLATED FROM COASTAL AREA OF HAI PHONG FOR USING IN PRODUCTION OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACID (OMEGA 6, 7, 9)

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen Thi Hoang ◽  
Quynh Thi Thu Tran ◽  
Ha Hoang Chu ◽  
Tuyen Thi Do ◽  
Thanh Tat Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Rhodovulum Sulfidophilum ◽  
Purple Nonsulfur Bacterium ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Omega 6

Purple nonsulfur bacteria are a group that has so much biotechnological applications, particularly in producing of functional food rich with unsaturated fatty acids. A purple nonsulfur bacterium (named HPB.6) was chosen based on its strong growth, high lipid and synthesis of unsaturated fatty acid (omega 6,7,9). Studying on basic biological characteristics showed that the cells of HPB.6 were observed as ovoid-rod shape, none motility, Gram negative staining. The diameter of single bacterium was about 0.8-1.0 µm. The cells divide by binary fission and had bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchl a). This bacterium grew well on medium with carbon and nitrogen sources such as acetate, succinate, pyruvate, butyrate, glutamate, arginine, leucine, tyrosine, alanine, methionine, threonine, glutamine, yeast extract and NH4Cl. This selected strain grew well on medium with salt concentrations from 1.5 - 6.0% (optimum 3%), pH from 5.0 to 8.0 (optimum at pH 6.5) and could withstand Na2S at 4.0 - 5.2 mM. Based on morphological, physiological properties and 16S rRNA analysis received demonstrated that HPB.6 strain belongs to the species Rhodovulum sulfidophilum.

scholarly journals Production of a Lipopeptide Biosurfactant by a Novel Bacillus sp. and Its Applicability to Enhanced Oil Recovery

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan ◽  
Vytla Ramachandra Murty
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lipopeptide Biosurfactant ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Surface Active Compounds ◽  
First Time

Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds derived from varied microbial sources including bacteria and fungi. They are secreted extracellularly and have a wide range of exciting properties for bioremediation purposes. They also have vast applications in the food and medicine industry. With an objective of isolating microorganisms for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations, the study involved screening of organisms from an oil-contaminated site. Morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA analysis of the most promising candidate revealed it to be Bacillus siamensis, which has been associated with biosurfactant production, for the first time. Initial fermentation studies using mineral salt medium supplemented with crude oil resulted in a maximum biosurfactant yield of 0.64 g/L and reduction of surface tension to 36.1 mN/m at 96 h. Characterization studies were done using thin layer chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of carbonyl groups, alkyl bonds, and C–H and N–H stretching vibrations, typical of peptides. The extracted biosurfactant was stable at extreme temperatures, pH, and salinity. Its applicability to EOR was further verified by conducting sand pack column studies that yielded up to 60% oil recovery.

Molecular characterization of enteric viral agents from children in northern region of Ghana

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1790-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Andreia Silva ◽  
Klaus Stark ◽  
Frank P. Mockenhaupt ◽  
Klaus Reither ◽  
Thomas Weitzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Northern Region

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Toxigenic Aspergillus flavus from Groundnut Kernels in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Robert O. Okayo ◽  
Darius O. Andika ◽  
Mathews M. Dida ◽  
George O. K’Otuto ◽  
Bernard M. Gichimu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Toxigenic Strains

Pathogenesis of Aspergillus flavus on important agricultural products is a key concern on human health due to the synthesis and secretion of the hazardous secondary metabolite, aflatoxin. This study identified and further characterized aflatoxigenic A. flavus from groundnuts sampled from sundry shops in Kenya using integrated morphological and molecular approaches. The groundnuts were plated on potato dextrose agar for isolation and morphological observation of A. flavus based on macroscopic and microscopic features. Molecular characterization was done through amplification and comparison of the partial sequence of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. The expression analysis of aflR, aflS, aflD, aflP, and aflQ genes in the aflatoxin biosynthesis pathways was conducted to confirm the positive identification of A. flavus. The gene expression also aided to delineate toxigenic isolates of A. flavus from atoxigenic ones. Morphologically, 18 isolates suspected to be A. flavus were identified. Out of these, 14 isolates successfully amplified the 500 bp ITS region of A. flavus or Aspergillus oryzae, while 4 isolates were not amplified. All the remaining 14 isolates expressed at least one of the aflatoxigenic genes but only 5 had all the genes expressed. Partial sequencing revealed that isolates 5, 11, 12, 13, and 15 had 99.2%, 97.6%, 98.4%, 97.5%, and 100% homology, respectively, to the A. flavus isolate LUOHE, ITS-5.8S-ITS2, obtained from the NCBI database. The five isolates were accurate identification of atoxigenic A. flavus. Precise identification of toxigenic strains of A. flavus will be useful in establishing control strategies of the fungus in food products.

scholarly journals Determining Cellulolytic Activity of Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Grata
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Whatman Filter Paper ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Decomposition of cellulose to glucose requires complex cooperation of glycoside hydrolase enzymes. As a result of glycoside β-1,4 bonds hydrolysis, shorter chains of cellulose, oligodextrin, cellobiose and glucose are created. A number of bacteria and fungi demonstrate the capacity to degrade cellulose. Their activity can be assessed with the use of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods with the use of e.g. Congo red, are used in screening studies, however, they do not provide information about the quantity of the produced enzyme. Spectrophotometric methods are more accurate and they measure the quantities of reducing sugars with the use of appropriate substrates, e.g. carboxymethylcellulose is used to determine endoglucanases, avicel cellulose to determine exoglucanases and Whatman filter paper to determine total cellulolytic activity. Activity of microorganisms depends not only on their species or type but also, among others, on substratum composition, cultivation conditions and the appropriate selection of parameters of the carried out enzymatic reactions.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIOCIN PRODUCING MICROBES USING BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOOLS AND ANALYSIS OF ITS BIOPRESERVATION POTENTIAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Parmar Keshri Nandan ◽  
Anshita Nagar
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Urease Test

ABSTRACTObjective: Food safety is a matter of utmost importance in developing countries as well as in developed countries, so keeping this in mind this researchwork deals with the identification and characterization of bacteriocin producing microbes by using biochemical and molecular characterization. This study has also covered the biopreservation potential of bacteriocin produced by these microbes against sapodilla, tomato and banana as well.Methods: For the purpose of sample collection and isolation, samples of milk, curd and gangajal water were taken and bacteriocin producing microbes were isolated by using serial dilution method. Screening of bacteriocin producing microbe was done by antibacterial sensitivity test using agar well diffusion method against Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by determining their zone of inhibition. Biochemical characterization was done by using different tests, such as, catalase test, mannitol test, citrate test, gelatin test, maltose test, indole test, urease test, lactose test etc. Molecular characterization was done by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Preservative action of bacteriocinwas observed on fruits that comprise sapodilla, tomato and banana by spraying bacteriocin on them and analyzing their activities shows for at least10 days.Results: Microbes were found to be Enterococcus faecalis (Accession number KX011874) and Bacillus cereus (Accession number KX011875). Periodicobservatory studies reflect that using bacteriocin, banana can be preserved for nearly 6-7 days while sapodilla for 8-9 days and tomato for 9-10 days.Conclusion: From present study we would like to conclude that bacteriocins produced by microbes which is found in milk or curd can also be used asbiopreservatives for these defined fruits that is sapodilla, tomato and banana.Keywords: Bacteriocin, Biopreservation, 16S rRNA analysis.

The distribution of active β-glucosidase-producing microbial communities in composting

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 998-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyun Zang ◽  
Meiting Liu ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Yihong Fan ◽  
Haichang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
Global Carbon

The composting ecosystem is a suitable source for the discovery of novel microorganisms and secondary metabolites. Cellulose degradation is an important part of the global carbon cycle, and β-glucosidases complete the final step of cellulose hydrolysis by converting cellobiose to glucose. This work analyzes the succession of β-glucosidase-producing microbial communities that persist throughout cattle manure – rice straw composting, and evaluates their metabolic activities and community advantage during the various phases of composting. Fungal and bacterial β-glucosidase genes belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 1 and 3 (GH1 and GH3) amplified from DNA were classified and gene abundance levels were analyzed. The major reservoirs of β-glucosidase genes were the fungal phylum Ascomycota and the bacterial phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Deinococcus–Thermus. This indicates that a diverse microbial community utilizes cellobiose. The succession of dominant bacteria was also detected during composting. Firmicutes was the dominant bacteria in the thermophilic phase of composting; there was a shift to Actinomycetes in the maturing stage. Proteobacteria accounted for the highest proportions during the heating and thermophilic phases of composting. By contrast, the fungal phylum Ascomycota was a minor microbial community constituent in thermophilic phase of composting. Combined with the analysis of the temperature, cellulose degradation rate and the carboxymethyl cellulase and β-glucosidase activities showed that the bacterial GH1 family β-glucosidase genes make greater contribution in cellulose degradation at the later thermophilic stage of composting. In summary, even GH1 bacteria families β-glucosidase genes showing low abundance in DNA may be functionally important in the later thermophilic phase of composting. The results indicate that a complex community of bacteria and fungi expresses β-glucosidases in compost. Several β-glucosidase-producing bacteria and fungi identified in this study may represent potential indicators of composting in cellulose degradation.

Effect of Capsaicin-Coated PE Film on Microbiological and Physiological Properties of Rice during Storage

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 1109-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Hong Li ◽  
Gui Ming Lei ◽  
Xia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Synthetic Insecticide ◽  
Storage Insects ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Three repellent coated PE film were development for avoiding storage insects and microorganisms. In this work, the microbiological and physiological properties of tetramethrin, cymperator and capsaicin-coated PE packing for rice grain were investigated. The results showed that the capsaicin-coated PE film was the optimal packaging material to preserve rice grain fresh. After three months storage of rice grain, capsaicin-coated PE inhibited the growth of bacteria and fungi than blank-coated PE, and had the similarly inhibiting roles than potent synthetic insecticide-coated PE packing. Especially, free fatty acid content increasing was decreased in storage of capsaicin-coated PE film, the flavor changes in slow.

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