scholarly journals Molecular Screening of bla-TEM-68 Gene for TEM-68 ESBLs Resistant K. pneumoniae and C. freundii from Hospital Waste in Adamawa state Specialist Hospital, Yola

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar, I. ◽  
Mohammed, A. ◽  
Tanko, M.M. ◽  
Elisha, R.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Molecular Screening ◽  
Hospital Waste ◽  
Hospital Wastes ◽  
Resistant Strains

Resistant strains of K. pneumoniae and C. freundii due to under use and over use of antibiotics and biocides has contributed to economic burden due to nosocomial infections. This study focuses on screening hospital wastes for antibacterial and biocide resistant K. pneumoniae and C. freundii in Adamawa state specialist hospital, Yola. One hundred and twenty (120) hospital wastes samples were analysed. Samples were cultured on appropriate media and incubated at 37 oC for 24h. Biochemically identified isolates were molecularly confirmed and sequenced. K. pneumoniae being 93% identical to strain KPNIH48 and C. freundii being 99% identical to complex sp CFNH4 were confirmed. Resistant K. pneumonia and C. freundii were subjected to phenotypic ESBLs test, then DDS test was carried out to confirm ESBLs production. Phenotypically ESBLs positive K. pneumoniae were positive for DDST but negative for C. freundii. The DDST positive isolates were then screened for bla-TEM-68 gene. All the DDST positive K. pneumoniae harboured the bla-TEM-68 gene but none in C. freundii. The isolates carrying bla-TEM-68 gene were cured using 10 % SDS and the results showed that the ESBLs genes were plasmid and/or chromosomally encoded. The presence of K. pneumoniae carrying bla-TEM-68 gene indicates a possibility for increased nosocomial infections in Adamawa state and Nigeria at large and so relevant preventive recommendations were made.

Assessment of Available Technologies for Hospital Waste Management

2017 ◽  
pp. 172-188
Author(s):  
Alok Rai ◽  
Richa Kothari ◽  
D. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Hospital Waste ◽  
Liquid Discharge ◽  
Hospital Wastes ◽  
Hospital Practices ◽  
Modern Hospital

Modern hospital practices with galloping growth in medical technology facilitate increase human life span, decrease mortality rate and increase natality rate. Life supporting health services generates potentially hazardous and infectious hospital wastes like pharmaceuticals, cottons, food, paper, plastics, radionuclide, sharps, and anatomical parts etc. These wastes are complex in nature with maximum part of municipal solid waste and small part of biomedical waste (anatomical parts, body parts etc.). Improper conduct and management of hospital waste create several problems and nosocomial diseases to human beings and harms environment. Traditional practices included for management are open burning, mixing waste, liquid discharge and waste disposal without treatment normally. Hence, this issue comes in lime light and several guidelines come to sort out this problem. Thus, challenges associated with traditional hospital waste management techniques and modern techniques for management are assessed in general and association with human society in particular in this chapter.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Proteus mirabilis Phage Mydo

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Jones ◽  
Lauren Lessor ◽  
Chandler O’Leary ◽  
Jason Gill ◽  
Mei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistant Strains

Proteus mirabilis is a pathogen that has been linked to nosocomial infections. Studies on phages infecting P. mirabilis may provide therapeutics for infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of this pathogen. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of a P. mirabilis myophage, Mydo, which is distantly related to Escherichia coli phage rv5.

A novel molecular scaffold resensitizes multidrug-resistant S. aureus to fluoroquinolones

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (59) ◽  
pp. 8599-8602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apurva Panjla ◽  
Grace Kaul ◽  
Manjulika Shukla ◽  
Shubhandra Tripathi ◽  
Nisanth N. Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Molecular Scaffold ◽  
Resistant Strains

A peptide-based molecule offers synergism with fluoroquinolones and their combination “resensitizes” fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of S. aureus, thus presenting a strategy for antibiotic potentiation against nosocomial infections.

Evaluation of differential media for the identification of Corynebacterium genitalium and Corynebacterium pseudogenitalium (group JK corynebacteria)

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Coppola ◽  
Geoffrey Furness
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
Selective Agent ◽  
Primary Isolation ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Differential Medium ◽  
Normal Bacterial Flora

Tween purple agar containing 1% fructose (TFP agar) differentiated Corynebacterium genitalium from C. pseudogenitalium, which respectively formed colorless and yellow colonies after 72 h incubation at 37 °C aerobically or in 5–10% CO2 in air. Thus TFP agar is a differential medium. Corynebacteria-like colonies grown on nonspecific urethritis (NSU) chocolate agar from urogenital material were identified as C. genitalium, C. pseudogenitalium, or commensals when subcultured on TPF agar. TFP agar was unsuitable for their primary isolation since the commensals turned the medium yellow with 24 h incubation. Gentamicin cannot be employed as a selective agent in medium for the isolation of these corynebacteria. TFP agar containing 10 μg/mL gentamicin inhibited most strains of C. pseudogenitalium and C. genitalium isolated from urogenital infections. It did not inhibit isolates of these corynebacteria from cancer patients or suppress the normal bacterial flora of the urogenital tract. Evidence that gentamicin-resistant strains are characteristic of nosocomial infections is presented.

scholarly journals Frequency and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Human Pus Samples at Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kazmi A
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistant Strains

Background: Nosocomial infections are great threat for hospitalized patients and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as one of the most potent nosocomial pathogens along with its diverse mechanisms to counter the various antimicrobial agents such as aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, monobactems, third generation cephalosporins, carbapenams and broad- spectrum penicillins. P. aeruginosa is one of the well-known pyogenic bacteria and is 3rd leading cause of pyogenic infections with the variable frequency depending on geographical region and clinical setting. P. aeruginosa is intimately associated with pyogenic nosocomial infections. Objectives: Since multidrug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa have posed serious threats and are frequently implicated in nosocomial infections. Methods: Pus swab were sampled under aseptic conditions and cultured on blood and Muller Hinton agar. Gram reaction, pigment production, Oxidase, indole reaction and citrate test were used to confirm isolate. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed b Kirby Bauer technique. Results compiled by us in this cross sectional study, showed 58 cases of P. aeruginosa out of 289 cases. This included 43% males and 57% females. Majority of the patients were of young age, with mean age 38 years. Antibiotic sensitivity revealed resistance to gentamicin was 50%, amikacin was 64%, ciprofloxacin and Aztronem 66%, Cefaparazone 69%, Tzaocin 71% and meropenem and sulzone was 79%. While Colistin and Ceftazidime were the most effective in 85% and 89% of cases respectively. The multidrug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa infections accounted for 32.76% of total P. aeruginosa infections. This study reveals high prevalence of multidrug resistant organisms at the set of our study. Based on this study, we suggest adopting the strategies to minimize the risk of nosocomial infections to slow down the rapidly growing multidrug resistance. These strategies may include, stricter antiseptic measures, fastening the recovery process and reducing the hospital stay and considering other alternates. Besides this, we would like to suggest the precise use of antibiotic susceptibility facility to reduce the nosocomial infection associated complications.

scholarly journals Hospital Wastes Handlers’ Understanding of Medical Waste in Selected Hospitals in Ota, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.P. Akinpelu
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Policy Intervention ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Hospital Waste ◽  
Questionnaire Administration ◽  
Hospital Wastes

The study assessed waste handlers’ understanding of hospital waste components, in order to provide information that would inform policy intervention. Data was collected through questionnaire administration. There were thirty-eight (38) hospitals distributed across five (5) political wards in Ota Township. Twenty-five per cent of the hospitals were sampled, two hospitals in each ward, making ten altogether. Questionnaires were administered to all forty-nine waste handlers in the surveyed hospitals. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established that only 8.2% and 14.3% of waste handlers were informed on colour-coded storage receptacles for pharmaceutical and sharp materials respectively. Though 46.9% of waste handlers knew that pathological, pharmaceutical, sharps and infectious wastes were harmful. However, 53.1% was not aware of the harmful nature of radioactive waste. The use of protective materials by the waste handlers was noted to be inadequate. Training of cleaners on proper management of medical waste was insufficient. It was found that there is a strong relationship between educational status and monthly income of the cleaners (r =.67, p > .05), though not significant. It could be concluded that waste handlers in the selected hospitals did not fully understand the hazardous nature of medical waste components.

scholarly journals Residuos peligrosos hospitalarios en casa: una amenaza emergente.

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Luz Divia Mejía-Reales ◽  
Lilibeth Romero-Mendoza ◽  
Viadcy Lineth Beltrán-Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Hospital Waste ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica ◽  
Hospital Wastes ◽  
Middle Strata ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Objetivo: describir el manejo de residuos peligrosos hospitalarios generados en los domicilios por usuarios con enfermedades crónicas de  una institución prestadora de servicios de salud en la ciudad de  Valledupar, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, la muestra estuvo conformada por 85 usuarios con enfermedades crónicas que cumplieran con los criterios de inclusión, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario sobre manejo de residuos peligrosos hospitalarios en casa. Resultados: la población encuestada  estuvo expuesta a riesgos relacionados con el manejo de  agujas un 40% de los diabéticos, el 55% de quienes padecen enfermedad renal, en contacto con  líquido peritoneal, y los usuarios con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica 36% presentaron  reacciones anafilácticas. Además se encontró que el 66% de la población no tiene conocimientos acerca del manejo de estos residuos, cuál es el almacenamiento,  recolección, transporte, tratamiento y/o disposición final de los mismos. Conclusión: el estudio reveló que existe una  problemática relacionada con el proceso  integral de los residuos peligrosos hospitalarios, debido a que la población generadora de estos pertenecen a estratos medios - bajos y asumir la totalidad de los gastos generados es poco viable, además no está capacitada adecuadamente, por tal razón resultó pertinente la elaboración de un manual para el manejo de residuos peligrosos hospitalarios generados en casa, para instruir  sobre actividades que  realizan estos usuarios, buscando disminuir el impacto en la salud y el ambiente derivados de la producción de estos desechos.PALABRAS CLAVE: atención domiciliaria de salud, residuos sanitarios, riesgo. Hazardous hospital wastes in the home: an emerging threatABSTRACTObjective: to describe the management of hazardous hospital waste generated in households by users with chronic diseases from one institution providing health services in the city of Valledupar, Colombia. Materials and Methods: study of quantitative approach, the sample consisted of 85 users with chronic illnesses that met the inclusion criteria, who were given a questionnaire on management of hazardous hospital waste in the home. Results: the survey population was exposed to risks associated with needle handling 40% of diabetics, 55% of those with kidney disease, contact with peritoneal fluid, and users with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 36% had anaphylactic reactions . It was also found that 66% of the population had no knowledge about handling these wastes, which involves storage, collection, transportation, treatment and / or disposal thereof. Conclusion: the study revealed that there is a problem related to the whole process of hazardous hospital waste, because the generating population of residues belong to middle strata - low and assuming all of the costs incurred is unfeasible, then there is  inadequate training for this reason it was relevant to develop a manual for the management of hazardous hospital waste generated in the home, to educate on activities carried out by these users, seeking to reduce the impact on health and the environment from the production of these wastes .KEYWORDS: home nursing, medical waste, risk. Resíduos hospitalares perigosos em casa: uma ameaça emergenteRESUMOObjetivo: descrever a gestão de resíduos hospitalares perigosos produzidos pelo sector doméstico por usuários com doenças crônicas de uma instituição que presta serviços de saúde na cidade de Valledupar, Colômbia. Materiais e Métodos: estudo de abordagem quantitativa, a amostra foi composta por 85 usuários com doenças crônicas que preencheram os critérios de inclusão, que foram aplicados um questionário sobre gestão de resíduos hospitalares perigosos em casa. Resultados: a população do estudo foi exposto a riscos associados com a manipulação de agulha 40% dos diabéticos, 55% das pessoas com doença renal, entre em contato com o fluido peritoneal, e os usuários com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, 36% tiveram reações anafiláticas . Constatou-se também que 66% da população não tem conhecimento sobre o manuseio desses resíduos, que é o armazenamento, coleta, transporte, tratamento e / ou eliminação dos mesmos. Conclusão: O estudo revelou que existe um problema relacionado a todo o processo de resíduos hospitalares perigosos, porque a população de geração de resíduos pertencem a estratos médios - baixo e assumir todos os custos incorridos é inviável, então não há nenhuma treinados adequadamente por este motivo foi relevante o desenvolvimento de um manual para a gestão de resíduos hospitalares perigosos gerados em casa, para instruir sobre as actividades realizadas por estes utilizadores, procurando reduzir o impacto sobre a saúde eo ambiente decorrentes da produção destes resíduos .PALAVRAS-CHAVE: assistência domicilar, resíduos de serviços de saúde,  risco. 

scholarly journals Hospital waste management in developing countries: A mini review

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ali ◽  
Wenping Wang ◽  
Nawaz Chaudhry ◽  
Yong Geng
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Hospital Waste ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Waste Segregation ◽  
Hospital Wastes ◽  
Waste Management Practices

Health care activities can generate different kinds of hazardous wastes. Mismanagement of these wastes can result in environmental and occupational health risks. Developing countries are resource-constrained when it comes to safe management of hospital wastes. This study summarizes the main issues faced in hospital waste management in developing countries. A review of the existing literature suggests that regulations and legislations focusing on hospital waste management are recent accomplishments in many of these countries. Implementation of these rules varies from one hospital to another. Moreover, wide variations exist in waste generation rates within as well as across these countries. This is mainly attributable to a lack of an agreement on the definitions and the methodology among the researchers to measure such wastes. Furthermore, hospitals in these countries suffer from poor waste segregation, collection, storage, transportation and disposal practices, which can lead to occupational and environmental risks. Knowledge and awareness regarding proper waste management remain low in the absence of training for hospital staff. Moreover, hospital sanitary workers, and scavengers, operate without the provision of safety equipment or immunization. Unsegregated waste is illegally recycled, leading to further safety risks. Overall, hospital waste management in developing countries faces several challenges. Sustainable waste management practices can go a long way in reducing the harmful effects of hospital wastes.

Evaluation of phenotypic methods for methicillin resistance characterization in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS)

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1195-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Caierão ◽  
Maiara Musskopf ◽  
Silvana Superti ◽  
Eliane Roesch ◽  
Cícero G Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
Microscan System

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the major cause of nosocomial infections. Methicillin-resistant strains are particularly important because they narrow therapeutic options. Detecting methicillin resistance among CNS has been a challenge for years. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of an agar screening test (0.6 and 4 μg oxacillin ml−1), disc diffusion and the automated MicroScan system to characterize methicillin resistance among CNS. One hundred and seventy five strains were analysed: 41.1 % Staphylococcus epidermidis and 59.9 % other species; 69.1 % were mecA-positive. The results showed that the methods have optimal correlation with the detection of mecA gene for S. epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. However, accuracy of the tests is impaired when less common species are analysed. The only 100 % accurate test was agar screening with 4 μg oxacillin ml−1.

Assessment of Available Technologies for Hospital Waste Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 791-807
Author(s):  
Alok Rai ◽  
Richa Kothari ◽  
D. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Hospital Waste ◽  
Liquid Discharge ◽  
Hospital Wastes ◽  
Hospital Practices ◽  
Modern Hospital

Modern hospital practices with galloping growth in medical technology facilitate increase human life span, decrease mortality rate and increase natality rate. Life supporting health services generates potentially hazardous and infectious hospital wastes like pharmaceuticals, cottons, food, paper, plastics, radionuclide, sharps, and anatomical parts etc. These wastes are complex in nature with maximum part of municipal solid waste and small part of biomedical waste (anatomical parts, body parts etc.). Improper conduct and management of hospital waste create several problems and nosocomial diseases to human beings and harms environment. Traditional practices included for management are open burning, mixing waste, liquid discharge and waste disposal without treatment normally. Hence, this issue comes in lime light and several guidelines come to sort out this problem. Thus, challenges associated with traditional hospital waste management techniques and modern techniques for management are assessed in general and association with human society in particular in this chapter.

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