scholarly journals Modelling of the Impact of National Standardization on Duopolistic Competition in the Civil Aircraft Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-873
Author(s):  
E. V. Varyukhina ◽  
◽  
V. V. Klochkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Equilibrium Degree ◽  
Aviation Noise ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze standards as one of the main tools of protectionism in global markets of industrial goods. We use standards for modeling of market competition and adapt this approach for civil aviation markets. The role of local noise standards in civil aircraft markets is discussed. Imposition of more stringent aviation noise standards is modelled in the form of a two-person non-zero-sum game. Players are aircraft corporations that conduct research and development to reduce noise and lobby for stricter regulations in their controlled markets. The model can be used to predict that tighter aviation noise standards will be imposed and to justify the strategy of Russian aviation industry and science. The proposed approach can be adapted for other industries with strict regulations (in terms of safety, ecology). Such estimation allows us to assess whether it is in the country’s interests to participate in the standards race or not. It is shown that the equilibrium degree of standards tightening is higher if the players’ market shares are close to equal or individual players have advantages in the cost of production and/or product improvement is highly likely due to the company’s R&D progress.

Methods of analysis and forecasting of time series of indicators of the effectiveness of maintaining the airworthiness of civil aircraft

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
The Cost

A method for analyzing and predicting time series of effectiveness indicators for maintaining the airworthiness of civil aircraft based on operational observations is developed. The methodic is intended for managers and specialists of organizations and enterprises of civil aviation and the aviation industry. The methodic is aimed at improving the safety and regularity of flights, the effectiveness of using aircraft, and the cost-effectiveness of maintaining the airworthiness of aircraft. Keywords: aircraft, civil aviation, airworthiness, effectiveness of maintaining airworthiness, methods of analysis and forecasting of time series of effectiveness indicators, operational observations. [email protected]

scholarly journals Managing raptors to reduce wildlife strikes at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig K. Pullins ◽  
Travis L. Guerrant ◽  
Scott F. Beckerman ◽  
Brian E. Washburn
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
International Airport ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wildlife Damage Management ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
The Cost

Nationally, wildlife-aircraft collisions (wildlife strikes) have been increasing over the past 25 years; denoted in the National Wildlife Strike Database that has been maintained by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) since 1990. Increasing wildlife populations and air traffic coupled with quieter, faster aircraft create a significant risk to aviation safety; the cost to the civil aviation industry is an estimated $937 million dollars annually. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services (WS) provides technical and direct assistance to over 850 airports and airbases around the United States, including Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport (ORD). At ORD, raptors are one of the most commonly struck bird guild and accounted for at least 25% of damaging strikes from 2010-2013. An Integrated Wildlife Damage Management (IWDM) program is implemented at ORD to reduce the presence of wildlife on the airfield, consequently lowering the risk of wildlife strikes. Professional airport wildlife biologists at ORD concentrate much of their efforts on raptor management due to the high strike risk these birds pose to aircraft on the airfield itself. A variety of techniques are currently used to manage raptor populations at ORD. Concurrently, research is being conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the Red-tailed Hawk relocation program at the airport, as well as to assess their movements within the airfield environment.

Rank and File Employee Satisfaction and the Implied Cost of Equity Capital

2020 ◽  
pp. 0148558X2097194
Author(s):  
Jiajia Fu ◽  
Yuan Ji ◽  
Jiao Jing
Keyword(s):  
Employee Satisfaction ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Cost Of Equity Capital ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Financing Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Market Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Rank and file employees execute firms’ daily operating activities, but prior research rarely examines their importance due to a lack of employee information. In this article, we use a novel data set—company reviews by rank and file employees—to provide evidence on the impact of employee satisfaction on a firm’s cost of equity capital. We find that firms with higher employee satisfaction have a lower cost of equity. Our results are robust to a variety of endogeneity tests and model specifications. We also find that the effect of employee satisfaction is more pronounced for firms with higher risk, greater financial constraints, and higher labor intensity or product market competition where labor is more critical to firm success. Further analysis shows that the negative association between employee satisfaction and the cost of equity is primarily grounded in reviews from current rather than former employees. Finally, we document that firms with high employee satisfaction experience lower systematic and idiosyncratic risk. Overall, our article presents novel evidence on the capital market benefits of higher employee satisfaction, particularly with regard to financing cost reduction.

scholarly journals How to Allocate the Allowance for the Aviation Industry in China’s Emissions Trading System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2541
Author(s):  
Bao-Jun Tang ◽  
Yu-Jie Hu
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Trading System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Emissions Trading System

In order to combat climate change and control emissions in the aviation industry, it is necessary to research the aviation industry’s potential application of China’s Emissions Trading System (ETS), especially the carbon allowance allocation (CAA). On the basis of historical and benchmarking CAA schemes, considering the responsibility, capacity, and potential of firms, this study proposes the indicators CAA (ICAA) scheme. Moreover, considering firms’ costs, this study also proposes a multi-objective CAA (MCAA) scheme. Finally, the most effective scheme is reported. Results show that under ICAA and MCAA, caps are lower and basically consistent with the emissions reduction target of the “13th Five-Year Plan Work Program for Controlling GHG Emissions of Civil Aviation in China” and international goals. Different types of airlines gain different quotas according to their income and the number and age of their aircraft. The cost of reducing emissions in each scheme is less than 0.35% of their total costs. Under the ICAA-S, ICAA-P, and MCAA schemes, airlines can achieve a reduction in emissions of 19.7%, 20.9%, and 19.6%, respectively. Moreover, under MCAA, the difference in quotas between airlines is smaller. Therefore, of the schemes evaluated, MCAA is the most effective.

Prediction of Machine Deterioration Using Vibration Based Fault Trends and Recurrent Neural Networks

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Tse ◽  
D. P. Atherton
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Recurrent Neural Networks ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Machine Deterioration

High market competition for sales requires companies to reduce the cost of production if they are to maintain their market shares. Since the cost of maintenance contributes a substantial portion of the production cost, companies must budget maintenance effectively. Machine deterioration prognosis can decrease the cost of maintenance by minimizing the loss of production due to machine breakdown and avoiding the overstocking of spare parts. A new prognostic method is described in this paper which has been developed to forecast the rate of machine deterioration using recurrent neural networks. From tests applying the method to the prediction of nonlinear sunspot activities and vibration based fault trends of several industrial machines, the results have shown that the method is promising. It not only evaluates the seriousness of damage caused by faults, but also forecasts the remaining life span of defective components.

Effects of Carbon Trading on Operating Costs of the Civil Aviation Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 889-893
Author(s):  
Li Teh Lu ◽  
Tai Yi Yu ◽  
Yu Jie Chang ◽  
Che Ri E Lu
Keyword(s):  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Service Vehicles ◽  
Existing Data

This study investigates carbon emission inventory from the local civil aviation industrys aircrafts, airport ground service vehicles and power consumption within an airport. With the existing data of five years, the operating costs probably added into civil aviation industrys operating costs are estimated and sensitivity of six variables are evaluated with Monde Carlo simulations herein to construct a basis for the policy of carbon trading. The dominant two factors contributing to variation in the cost of carbon trading per takeoff & landing at the Taoyuan Airport and the Taipei Airport are carbon price (71.1%) and number of takeoffs & landings (14.4%) as well as number of takeoffs & landings (38.7%) and carbon price (35.3%), respectively.

The impact of flight simulation in aerospace

2010 ◽  
Vol 114 (1162) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Allerton
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Flight Simulation ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Simulation Group ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper explains how flight simulation has made a major contribution to flight safety over the last thirty years to become critical to the operation of civil airlines and military organisations. It not only provides effective training, but for many flight training organisations has reduced the cost of flight training significantly. The paper outlines the increasing role of flight simulation covering flight training and research and development of aircraft and systems. The contribution of the flight simulation industry to the UK economy, in terms of both employment and revenue, is highlighted.The paper focuses on advances in the underpinning technologies of flight simulation, including mathematical modelling, real-time computation, motion actuation, visual image generation systems and projection systems.The paper also summarises the broadening roles of flight simulation; from part-task trainers to zero flight-time training in civil aviation; in military aviation, extending to combat domes and mission rehearsal; in defence procurement, where synthetic environments are used widely in evaluation studies prior to major project commitments; in aircraft development, providing powerful design tools to enable system designers to evaluate prototype systems.As a result of the acceptance of flight simulation in flight training, the use of simulators has been standardised throughout the world, with formal programmes of simulator qualification. These regulations, drawn up with the help of the RAeS Flight Simulation Group, ensure consistency for operators, regulators and manufacturers; the status of these regulations is outlined.The paper concludes by reviewing the lessons learnt by the flight simulation industry over the last thirty years and summaries the potential areas of growth, which will lead to simulation becoming widespread throughout many industries, in addition to the aerospace industry.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Sales of Airlines in India with Special Reference to Air India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3663-3667
Keyword(s):  
Food Service ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Growth Opportunities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
The Cost

India's aviation industry is largely untapped with enormous growth opportunities, provided that air transport is still expensive to most of the country's population, almost 40 per cent of whom are the upwardly mobile middle class. The industry will engage and work with policy makers to adopt effective and rational decisions to improve India's civil aviation industry. The primary aim is to identify the factors responsible for low sales of Air India. Secondly, the aim is to evaluate the causal relationship between factors identified and the dependent variable airline choice. It was found that Air India should reduce the cost of ticket on both domestic and international flights. Customer doesn’t find services delivered up to the mark. The quality of food, service of cabin-crew, lateness of flight and safety should be improved by Air India to remain competitive in the market. It has become and more imperative for the Air India to prove its mettle and not just settle on the taxpayers money bailed out by the exchequer but also on price, service and safety ground.

scholarly journals THE PLACE OF THE STATE AVIATION SERVICE OF UKRAINE IN THE SYSTEM OF EXECUTIVE BODIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
N. Borisocheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Civil Aircraft

Based on the analysis of the current legislation, the system of subjects of interaction with the State Aviation Service has been determined. These include: the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine (functional ministry), which includes the State Enterprise of Air Traffic Services of Ukraine, the State Enterprise of Air Traffic Services of Ukraine, the National Bureau for Investigation of Aviation Incidents and Incidents with Civil Aircraft, the State Aviation Regulation Department of Ukraine - bodies implementing state policy in civil aviation and the use of Ukrainian airspace. The following features inherent in the subjects of public administration in the field of aviation and the use of airspace of Ukraine: 1) the subject of public administration are both the executive branch and bodies that do not have such a status were endowed with the appropriate powers; 2) orderliness of the activities of all state subjects of regulation of the aviation industry in accordance with a single goal and strategic objectives, which are simultaneously synchronized with the main vector of development of the state. Among such general directions of development we can single out - European integration, economic strengthening of Ukraine, ensuring national security and defense; 3) the broad profile of the activity of state subjects of regulation is due to the fact that aviation is an integral part of the transport sector of the state; 4) taking into account, in carrying out regulatory activities, a large number of international standards, rules and requirements, which in turn implies the ability of the subjects of state regulation to actively work closely with foreign organizations; 5) the ability to integrate, ie integrated perception of the aviation industry and the use of airspace of Ukraine, which is technologically complex, is not limited to air transport, also includes production, repair and modernization, training, economic, land and other legal issues. 6) exclusion of commercial interests in the implementation of regulatory activities by state entities, while streamlining such activities in accordance with the economic interests of the state. It is noted that the field of aviation and the use of Ukrainian airspace is regulated by a large number of public administration entities, which form a complex and multilevel structure that does not benefit the development of this industry. Special emphasis should be placed on the different status of these bodies and the existence of duplicate powers in them. That is why today it is necessary to simplify the existing system as follows: 1. to ensure the independence of the State Aviation Service of Ukraine by obtaining a special status; 2. to subordinate to the State Aviation Service of Ukraine the National Bureau for Investigation of Aviation Incidents and Incidents with Civil Aircraft; 3. eliminate duplication of powers of public administration entities in this area.

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