REACTION OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POTATO VARIETIES TO THE USE OF GREEN MANURE

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Green Manure Crop ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Domestic Variety ◽  
Control Rotation

The article presents the productivity and quality of domestic and foreign potato varieties when grown in crop rotations with shortened rotation. As a green manure crop on control (permanent landing) we used mustard white after harvesting potatoes, in a two-field crop rotation-vicooat mixture, and in a three-field-rotationannual clover. The yield of potatoes of different varieties in crop rotations was significantly higher than in the control rotation. The prevalence of diseases in plantings and tubers on the background of 100% saturation was 1.5-2 times higher than in crop rotation. Plowing of green manure mass into the soil contributed to the containment of potato diseases. The most economically profitable are cultivation of a domestic variety Kolobok in crop rotations. Economic efficiency of growing potatoes in crop rotations with different degrees of saturation shows us that, on average, for 3 years, the most economically profitable cultivation of domestic variety Kolobok in the variants of 2 and 3 - full crop rotations, permanent culture are less effective. For example, the profit in the 2-pole crop rotation for the variety Kolobok amounted to 143 thousand rubles/ha, and in the 3-pole 193 thousand. rubles / ha, permanent culture-74 thousand rubles / ha (2-2. 5 times less). According to the variety Breeze, these indicators amounted to 133, 183 and 70 thousand rubles/ha, respectively.Cultivation of the Saturn variety was even less profitable, namely-112, 163 and 37 thousand rubles / ha, respectively.

The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
R. Holod ◽  
О. Bilinska ◽  
H. Shubala
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Green Manure Crops

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.

scholarly journals Improvement of crop rotations aimed at increasing their efficiency and conserving soil fertility in conditions of biological intensification

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-477
Author(s):  
L. M. Kozlova ◽  
E. N. Noskova ◽  
F. A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Bare Fallow

The long-term research conducted in 2002-2017 in a long stationary experiment on studying different types of field crop rotations under conditions of the Kirov region showed that on sod-podzolic soils the loss of humus could be lowered using agro technical methods. The most critical of them include the reduction of a portion of bare fallow, transition to sown and green-manure fallow, expanded use of perennial legume and grain-legume crops and intercrop sowings. In eight-field crop rotations when using such means of a biologization as plowing of the root-stubble residues, aboveground mass of green-manure crops in fallow fields and intercrop sowings, the supply of organic substance was within 17.24-83.03 t/ha. By mineral-ization of this substance 7.64-11.51 t of humus were produced. In a crop rotation with bare fallow there is a negative balance of humus of -0.06 t/ha. The positive balance is obtained when using sown, green-manure fallows, intercrop sowings (two-three fields), and introduction of up to 25% perennial legumes to the structure of crop rotations. The formation of 0.96-1.44 t/ha of humus in the arable layer provides positive balance of 0.20-0.72 t/ha. The increase of the part of grain crops up to 62.5-75.0% in the structure of crop rotations resulted in rise of their efficiency up to 4.74-4.79 thousand fodder units. It was 0.27-0.32 thousand fodder units higher than in the control crop rotation with bare fallow. Dependence of productivity of agricultural crops on humus content was insignificantly negative (r = -0.16). The efficiency of the studied crop rotations depended considerably on the amount of productive moisture in the soil in a phase of ear formation of grain crops (r = -0.78) and on biological activity of the soil (r = -0.80).

scholarly journals Effectiveness of biologization predecessors and methods in increasing grain crops productivity and field crop rotations productivity in Nizhneje Povolzhje region

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
A V Zelenev ◽  
O G Chamurliev ◽  
Yu A Laptina ◽  
L V Gubina ◽  
O N Romenskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Organic Matter Input ◽  
Growing Crop

Abstract Researches on the study of predecessors and biologization techniques in field crop rotations were carried out in 2018-2020 in the dry steppe zone of the chestnut subzone of light chestnut soils of the Nizhneje Povolzhje region. It is necessary to grow biennial melilot for green manure as a fallow-growing crop in a grain-steam five-field crop rotation in order to increase the organic matter input into the soil. A significant increase in yield was achieved in chickpeas for winter wheat, its straw was plowed into the soil. The highest increase in the spring barley yield was provided during the chickpeas and sorghum cultivation, which straw entered the soil. When growing spring barley on safflower, its straw was plowed into the soil, the yield was also higher than the control variant. The highest grain yield was achieved in the control grain-fallow four-field crop rotation with complete fallow, where the cultivated crops straw was removed from the field and grain-fallow-grass green manure seven-field crop rotation with seed fallow, where straw and melilot were plowed into the soil. Grain-fallow seven-field and grain-fallow-grass-cultivated green manure seven-field crop rotations, where oats and phacelia straw and green manure mass entered the soil, were inferior to the control.

scholarly journals The effect of minimum methods of primary tillage on the structural and aggregate composition of gray forest soil in the Chuvash Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-742
Author(s):  
V. G. Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Green Manure Crop ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Aggregate Composition

The article informs on the 2006-2019 studies of the effect of resource-saving methods of tillage based on the use of combined tillage units KOS-3 (1st minimum), BDM-3.2х4 (2nd minimum), Spider-6 (3rd minimum without autumn tillage) in two crop rotations (grain-fallow-row crop rotation and grain-fallow-row green manure crop rotation) on the structural-aggregate composition of gray forest soil and crop yields. During the year of laying the experiment the percentage of structural aggregates (0.25-10 mm) in the soil of a grain-fallow-row crop rotation ranged from 72.2 to 74.4 %, in a grain-fallow-row green manure crop rotation – from 70.1 to 73.2 %, with the structural coefficient (K) 2.60-2.91 and 2.41-2.73, respectively. For two crop rotations the structural state of the soil improved due to the effect of green manure crop rotation (К = 3.07, LSD05 = 0.13) as compared to the grain-row without green manure (К = 2.93). More significant differences according to the soil structure coefficient were obtained in studied tillages: 3.03 (plowing), 3.41 (1st minimum), 2.91 (2nd minimum), 2.65 (3d minimum) with LSD05 = 0.17. The first and the second methods of minimal tillage had an advantage over plowing as to the increase in agronomically valuable aggregates (0.25-10 mm) as compared with the original soil. On the average among the crop rotations the yield of grain crops by classical and 1st minimum methods of tillage (3.65-3.66 t/ha) exceeded significantly the indicators of all the rest variants with minimum tillage (by 0.15-0.43 t/ha, LSD05 = 0.10). The yield of potato in all variants with minimal soil tillage was significantly lower (by 5.1-8.3 t/ha, LSD05 = 1.44) than with plowing (27.8 t/ha). The assessment of profitability of grain crops cultivation showed the advantages of replacing the moldboard plowing for resource-saving methods using combined tillage units KOS-3 and BDM-4-3.2 which provided the yield of spring and winter wheat, barley and spring vetch at the level of 2.42-4.50 and 2.33-4.41 t/ha, respectively, with cultivation profitability of 51-64 and 44-59 %. The third minimum method of tillage decreased the cultivation profitability of grain crops and vetch by 10-15 %. The best indicators of potato production profitability (67-82 %) were achieved when using the classical variant of soil tillage.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FIELD CROP ROTATION IN OPTIMIZATION OF OF SOWING AREAS STRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Валерий Чибис ◽  
Valeriy Chibis ◽  
Светлана Чибис ◽  
Svetlana Chibis ◽  
Илья Кутышев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Oil Crops

In a long-term places, located on the experimental fields of Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk), the schemes of field crop rotations were modernized by introducing oil crops (rapeseed, soybean) into rotation and replacing the repeated wheat crops with barley and oats. Accounting of grain crops productivity and accompanying observations were carried out in three field rotations of different lengths of rotation (four- and five-field) and on permanent sowing. The repetition of the experiments is fourfold. The system of agrotechnical measures recommended for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia was applied. The study of predecessors in the cultivation of crops for various purposes was carried out in field experiments using conventional methods. The humus content for rotation in the soil layer of 0-40 cm increased by 0.19% in the crop rotation “rapeseed - wheat spring wheat - barley - soybean - spring wheat”. The largest accumulation of humus (0.83%) was in the rotation “soybean - spring wheat - barley – oats”. During the years of research wheat productivity varied from 0.82 to 2.22 tons per hectare. Wheat was the first crop in all its predecessors to form grains, on average, by 0.3-0.5 tons per hectare, than the second crop. The yield of soybeans in the crop rotation was 1.23-1.78 tons per hectare. The productivity of rapeseed was low, its productivity over the years was 1.31 tons per hectare. Grain-fodder crops (barley, oats) averaged 0.4-0.6 tons per hectare, higher than the spring wheat productivity in the alternating rotation. The maximum yield of grain from a hectare of arable land was noted in the crop-steam rotation and amounted to 1.7 tons. An increase in the yield of feed-protein units was observed in crop rotations saturated with oil crops (rapeseed and soybean) and amounted to 3.4-4.0 tons per hectare. The economic calculation showed that the cultivation of field crops in the rotational crop rotation of “soybean - wheat - barley – oats” increased profitability by 44%, net income - by half, in comparison with the control variant. The obtained materials can be used to develop schemes of field crop rotations for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

scholarly journals Ecological and economic efficiency of green manure in crop rotation on irrigated lands in the south of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Ярослав Михайлович Гадзало ◽  
Раїса Анатоліївна Вожегова ◽  
Микола Петрович Малярчук ◽  
Наталія Миколаївна Гальченко ◽  
Надія Дмитрівна Резніченко
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
The South ◽  
Irrigated Lands

scholarly journals Elements of biologization to ensure high energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet growing under the conditions of the Podillia

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Voitova
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Right

Purpose. To study the ways of improving energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet cultivation based on the biological system of fertilizer grain-beet crop rotations under the conditions of sufficient moisture, the right-Bank forest-Steppe. Methods. Laboratory and field, statistical. Results. The results of studies on ways of improving energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet cultivation based on the biological system of fertilizers in grain-beet crop rotations under the conditions of sufficient moisture in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe are presented, which included technology for sustainable cultivation of sugar beet under the conditions of an acute shortage of organic fertilizers. The technology includes the following elements of biologization: straw, green manure biomass was used as an alternative organic fertilizer directly under sowing of pre-crop. The positive results of increasing energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet is shown. Conclusions. In the acute shortage of organic fertilizers, it is required to use mineral fertilizers and basic elements of biologization, such as green manure, crop residues, and perennial grasses and legumes as pre-crops. This will contribute to the increase in the value of the gross output of feedstock, energy-economic viability and sustainability of agricultural systems in agronomic sense.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency of technology of cultivation of agricultural crops on the irrigated lands of the South of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Vozhegova ◽  
◽  
N. M. Galchenko ◽  
D. I. Kotelnikov ◽  
V. M. Мaliarchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Harvest Residues ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
No Till ◽  
Productivity Indicators

The article reflects the results of research on the study of crop rotation productivity and energy efficiency components of crop rotation technology in terms of depending on different methods and depth of basic tillage. The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of basic tillage and fertilization on crop rotation productivity indicators and indicators of economic efficiency of crop rotation technology in irrigated conditions in the south of Ukraine. Methods: the field, in-gravimetric, visual, laboratory, calculation-comparative, mathematically-statistical and confessedly in Ukraine methods and methodical recommendations. The research was conducted during 2016-2019 in the research fields of the Askanian SARS IIA NAAS of Ukraine. Results. The use of differentiated and shallow single-depth system of basic tillage to the same productivity indicators at the level of 8.21 and 8.22 t.o.o./ha of products. However, the use of shallow tillage with different depths increased the productivity to 8.49 tons of water/ha, or 3.3%, and with no-till the lowest productivity was obtained 7.15 tons of water/ha. At the same time, the organo-mineral system of fertilizer N90P40 + green manure + crop residues yielded at the level of 7.61 tons per hectare. The improvement of nitrogen nutrition of crop rotations to N105P40 + green manure to get her with the earning of crop residues increased this figure to 8.06 ton so.o./ha, or 5.9% more than the control. At the same time, the maximum productivity indicators of 8.52 tons per hectare were obtained for the N120P40 system + green manure + post-harvest residues, which is actually 12% more than in the control. The reduction of total energy consumption was obtained with a shallow single-depth system of main cultivation of 26.45 GJ/ha, and the lowest values of 25.27 GJ/ha were obtained with no-till, which is 6.8% less than in the control. Application of organo-mineral fertilizer system N90P40 + green manure + post harvest residues formed costs at the level of 24.94 GJ/ha, increase of nitrogen nutrition of crop rotations to N105P40 + green manure with post harvest residues increased costs to 26.35 GJ/ha, and the highest costs 26.37 GJ/ha was obtained in the variant N120P40 + green manure, where the figures were higher by 11.5% compared to the control. Almost the same energy yield was obtained for differentiated and single-depth shallow tillage systems 127.33 and 127.64 GJha, respectively. The application of the system of multi-depth tillage increased the yield to 133.24 GJ/ha. Conclusion. The calculation of energy efficiency testifies that growing of agricultural cultures at bringing of N120Р40 + green manure + post-harvest residues in the system of the plowless on different depth is most expedient and justified from the power point of view. Technology of growing, which is based on these agrotechnology measures provides the receipt of maximal energy coefficient at the level of 4,96

scholarly journals Influence of growing technology of different intensification levels on soybean seed yield in short rotation cultivation

1970 ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
O. Ya. Panasyuk ◽  
Y. M. Cholovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Sowing Seed

Purpose. To establish the influence of the soybean crops protection from diseases system on reduction the degree of damage and grain yield increase in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe zone. Methods. Field, quantitative-weight, comparative-calculation, mathematical-statistical. Results. Dependence of the effectiveness of soybean protection systems against diseases (fusarium wilt, septoria, bacteriosis) and crop rotation is revealed. Application of the system of soybean protection against diseases grown in a 4-field crop rotation reduced the incidence of plant diseases by more than 2 times compared to the control, which significantly affected the level of soybean yield. In the areas of application of the soybean protection system against the most common diseases, which consists in pre-sowing seed treatment (Rhizoactive 2.0 kg/t + Maxim XL 035FS (1.0 l/t) in combination with spraying crops with Abacus fungicide (1.5 l/ha), provided an increase in seed yield from 1.89 to 2.16 t/ha (14.3%) and from 2.32 to 2.64 t/ha (13.8%) respectively depending on 2- and 4-field soybean-corn crop rotations cultivation. Even higher yields of soybean seeds were obtained from the effects of this protection system together with twice done fertilization of soybeans with Plantafol (2.0 kg/ha). As a result, the yield of soybean seeds increased on average over 5 years by 0.27-0.65 t/ha, or 13-28%, compared with the control, where soybeans were grown without fertilization, and only pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the introduction of fungicide was carried out. Conclusions. It was found that pre-sowing seed treatment (Rhizoactive + Maxim ХL 035 FS) in combination with Abacus fungicide and Plantafol fertilization helped to increase soybean seed yield from 1.89 t/ha on the control (without seed treatment in 2-field crop rotation) to 2.76 and 2.97 t/ha when using these drugs in three-field and four-field soybean-corn crop rotations or, respectively, by 46 and 57% more.

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