High prevalence ofPneumocystis jiroveciicolonization among patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases and corticosteroid therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Fritzsche ◽  
D Riebold ◽  
AK Munk-Hartig ◽  
S Klammt ◽  
G Neeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Latest Trends in Isolation, Content Optimization and Delivery Avenues

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1802
Author(s):  
Elena Munoz-Perez ◽  
Ainhoa Gonzalez-Pujana ◽  
Manoli Igartua ◽  
Edorta Santos-Vizcaino ◽  
Rosa Maria Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Considering the high prevalence and the complex pharmacological management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), the search for new therapeutic approaches for their treatment is vital. Although the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied as a potential therapy in this field, direct MSC implantation presents some limitations that could slow down the clinical translation. Since the beneficial effects of MSCs have been mainly attributed to their ability to secrete a plethora of bioactive factors, their secretome has been proposed as a new and promising pathway for the treatment of IMIDs. Formed from soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs), the MSC-derived secretome has been proven to elicit immunomodulatory effects that control the inflammatory processes that occur in IMIDs. This article aims to review the available knowledge on the MSC secretome, evaluating the advances in this field in terms of its composition, production and application, as well as analyzing the pending challenges in the field. Moreover, the latest research involving secretome administration in IMIDs is discussed to provide an updated state-of-the-art for this field. Finally, novel secretome delivery alternatives are reviewed, paying special attention to hydrogel encapsulation as one of the most convenient and promising strategies.

scholarly journals Adequate mucociliary clearance as a factor in the prevention and control of purulent-inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
A. V. Gurov ◽  
M. A. Yushkina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Acute And Chronic Inflammation ◽  
And Control

Purulent-inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs are an urgent problem of modern clinical medicine. The high prevalence of this pathology is due to the active effect of pathogenic microflora on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, the increasing role of opportunistic and atypical microorganisms in the genesis of infection of the upper respiratory tract, as well as disorders in the mucociliary clearance. Limitations in the mobility of cilia of ciliated cells, as well as their partial or complete absence, a change in the composition of mucous secretions and a slowdown in the speed of mucus movement are the mechanisms that determine the possibility of an acute inflammation focus on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, and also increase the risk of developing chronic inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs. The accumulated data on the peculiarities of the existence of microbial biocenoses in the human body, as well as the steady widespread growth of the problem of antibiotic resistance, dictate the need to search for new solutions in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs. A well-established principle of therapy for such conditions is the topical use of combined drugs that combine mucolytic and antibacterial components that actively affect the main links in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. These tasks are most effectively solved by the drug, which contains the mucolytic N-acetylcysteine, which potentiates the effect of another component – the antibiotic thiamphenicol. An important aspect in favor of choosing this drug as a monotherapy or combination therapy for purulent-inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract is a convenient form of release for aerosol administration.

scholarly journals Ultrasound for the treatment of acute kidney injury and other inflammatory conditions: a promising path toward noninvasive neuroimmune regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (1) ◽  
pp. F125-F138
Author(s):  
Jieru Cai ◽  
William T. Nash ◽  
Mark D. Okusa
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Novel Strategy

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important clinical disorder with high prevalence, serious consequences, and limited therapeutic options. Modulation of neuroimmune interaction by nonpharmacological methods is emerging as a novel strategy for treating inflammatory diseases, including AKI. Recently, pulsed ultrasound (US) treatment was shown to protect from AKI by stimulating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Because of the relatively simple, portable, and noninvasive nature of US procedures, US stimulation may be a valuable therapeutic option for treating inflammatory conditions. This review discusses potential impacts of US bioeffects on the nervous system and how this may generate feedback onto the immune system. We also discuss recent evidence supporting the use of US as a means to treat AKI and other inflammatory diseases.

Evaluation of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity of Carissa carandas L. Fruits at Three Different Stages of Maturation

Drug Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Shabnam Saher ◽  
Smita Narnawre ◽  
Jayshree Patil
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Carissa Carandas ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractInflammation plays an important role in various diseases with high prevalence within populations such as rheumatoid arthritis, ulcer, atherosclerosis and asthma. Many drugs are available in the market for inflammatory diseases but they exhibit several unwanted side effects. Therefore, alternative treatments with safer compounds are needed. The plant Carissa carandas L. plant is used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases. Hence to validate its traditional use, the present study has envisaged screening different solvents extract of Carissa carandas fruit for their phytochemical and pharmacological activity especially the anti-inflammatory activity of the fruits at 3 different stages of maturation. The n-hexane and chloroform extracts of immature, mature and ripe fruits showed positive tests for steroids and triterpenoids, whereas acetone extract showed positive tests for steroids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, sugar, saponins except for triterpenoids in immature fruits. The hydroalcoholic extract showed presence of alkaloids, tannins, sugars, saponin and flavonoids. The highest concentration of phenol, flavonoids and ascorbic acid were found to be more in acetone extract of mature fruits and of carbohydrates in ripe fruits. The hydroalcoholic extract also exhibited similar pattern. The anti-inflammatory property was evaluated by using different models like carrageenan induced paw edema in Wistar rats and cotton pellets induced granuloma. There was a consistent increase in % inhibition of inflammation at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg up to 3 h. The highest activity was at 3 h with 200 mg/kg dose. Thus the present work has clearly proved that the acetone extract of mature fruits have considerable anti-inflammatory activity.

scholarly journals Kawasaki Disease and Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – Two Ends of the Same Spectrum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Go ◽  
Mira van Veenendaal ◽  
Cedric Manlhiot ◽  
Rayfel Schneider ◽  
Brian W. McCrindle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Coronary Artery Dilatation ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Disease Entities

Kawasaki disease (KD) and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) are two distinct systemic inflammatory diseases of childhood. Each diagnosis is based on criteria, but numerous clinical features are overlapping. As no specific diagnostic tests are available, differentiation between both disease entities can be challenging. Here, we describe the disease course of patients with co-diagnosis of both KD and sJIA (KD/sJIA). All our KD (n = 1765) and sJIA (n = 112) cases were critically reviewed for co-diagnosis of KD/sJIA. Eight KD/sJIA cases were identified and their clinical presentation, treatment regimens, coronary artery outcome and complications are herein described. Each KD/sJIA patient fulfilled diagnostic criteria for KD and for sJIA. Ongoing fever, rash and arthritis were present in each patient. The KD/sJIA patients had recalcitrant KD requiring multiple doses of intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids. Five patients had coronary artery dilatation at KD diagnosis, which resolved in all by 6 weeks. Pericardial effusion was present in 5 patients. One KD/sJIA patient developed macrophage activation syndrome. In conclusion, a small proportion (0.5%) of our KD patients evolved into sJIA, and 7% of our sJIA population presented initially as KD. KD/sJIA patients were characterized by a recalcitrant KD course and a high prevalence of coronary artery dilatation. Patients with co-diagnoses may provide a clue to potentially shared immunopathology in KD and sJIA, leading us to posit that both entities may be part of the same clinical spectrum.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis or Sarcoidosis a Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
H. Ben Brahim
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Pulmonary Lesions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Granulomatous Diseases

Distinguishing sarcoidosis from pulmonary tuberculosis can be a great challenge to physicians, especially in Tunisia where there is high prevalence of tuberculosis. Both tuberculosis and sarcoidosis are granulomatous diseases; however, necrosis is commun in tuberculosis and less commun in sarcoidosis. The presence of necrosis may lead to an excessive diagnosis of tuberculosis. We present the case of a 48 years old female in which nasosinusal tuberculosis was retained face to granulomatous inflammation with little fields of necrosis. The patient was treated for many months without healing. The diagnosis was revised when evolutive pulmonary lesions were observed while the patient was under well conducted anti-tubercular treatment. Sarcoidosis was in fine retained with good response to corticosteroid therapy.

scholarly journals Diffuse Meningeal Tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
Leonardo Giacomini ◽  
Alexandre Yacoub ◽  
Roger Neves Mathias ◽  
Enrico Guizoni ◽  
Andrei Joaquim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Subdural Space ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

A central nervous system infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT), uncommonly seen in immunocompetent patients, brings a diagnose challenge in the modern medicine. Subdural space involvement of MT may simulate neoplastic or inflammatory diseases, bringing a direct influence in the therapeutics. We present a case report of a tetraparetic middleage woman with an atypical subdural space involvement by MT. Biopsy was done and the standard treatment for central nervous system MT was instituted, with a significant improvement in the motor function. In countries where MTinfection has high prevalence and incidence, an atypical intracranial mass should be always suspected for central nervous system involvement by MT.

scholarly journals Systemic AA Amyloidosis in Captive Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Papendick ◽  
L. Munson ◽  
T. D. O'Brien ◽  
K. H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Renal Amyloidosis ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Papillary Necrosis ◽  
Acinonyx Jubatus ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Glomerular Involvement

Ongoing disease surveillance of necropsied captive cheetahs ( Acinonyx jubatus) ( n = 141) revealed a high prevalence of renal amyloidosis ( n = 54 [38%]; age 1 to 16 years). The prevalence increased from 20% in pre-1990 necropsies to 70% of cheetahs necropsied in 1995. In 74% of the cheetahs with amyloidosis, renal failure was determined to be the sole or partial cause of death. Papillary necrosis was seen only in affected cheetahs and involved 25% of these animals. Amyloid was present predominantly in the medullary interstitium, with minimal glomerular involvement. The amyloid deposits were immunohistochemically identified as AA type using antisera to both human and canine protein AA. A high percentage (52%) of animals with renal amyloid also had subsinusoidal hepatic AA amyloid deposits. Inflammatory diseases were identified in 100% of affected cheetahs. The most common inflammatory disease was chronic lymphoplasmacytic gastritis. The prevalence and severity of gastritis was higher in cheetahs with amyloidosis, and the prevalence of severe gastritis increased from 16% to 43%, coinciding with the increase in prevalence of amyloidosis. These findings suggest that cheetahs have a high prevalence of systemic amyloidosis in response to inflammation and that renal amyloidosis is an increasingly significant cause of morbidity and mortality in captive cheetah populations. Factors of potential importance in the apparent high prevalence of AA amyloidosis in cheetahs are currently being investigated in our laboratories.

scholarly journals THE MODERN VIEW ON THE USE OF FILM FORMING TRANSMUCOID THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS IN PERIODONTOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ssablina ◽  
Tat'yana Elovicova ◽  
Sergey Griroriev ◽  
Anna Yepishova ◽  
Margarita Shimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dose Limiting Toxicity

Thing. The significance of the study is associated with high prevalence of inflammatory diseases of paradontium and a variety of medications used for systemic treatment of the said pathology. Searching effective approaches aiming to achieve a required and adequate therapeutic effect excluding complications from unwanted effects and toxic side effects of systemic medications assumes the priority application of local delivery systems. Objective ― to study available literature data on local drug delivery systems as film forming transmucoid therapeutic systems in periodontology. Methodology. The study was based on searching and examination of scientific publications on film forming transmucoid therapeutic systems in databases of PubMed, eLIBRARY, Scopus, Web of Sciens, Medline. The materials were searched by the key words. Results. The review presents research data of different authors, explains the definition of transmucoid therapeutic systems, offers main classifications, describes methods of manufacture of polymer film systems and their characteristics, gives some variants of matrix membrane transport and the most popular representatives of the basement membrane. Conclusions. Studying literature helped to identify the diversity of the range, characteristics and advantages of applying transmucoid therapeutic systems used to treat inflammatory diseases of paradontium. Further detailed polymer researches focused to maintain chemical stability, specifics of diffusion, metabolism, solubility and dose-limiting toxicity are intended to increase safety and efficacy of applied local polymeric film delivery systems.

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