scholarly journals Conditions of a differential approach in overcoming speech defects in children with mental retardation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 165-167
Author(s):  
Akhmedova Zuhra Mirzabekovna ◽  
Tadjidinova Gulzira Tadjidinovna
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Differential Approach ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
Speech Defects

This article provides information about children with mental retardation, their developmental characteristics, as well as the speech development of children with mental retardation, individual and differential approach in overcoming speech defects.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Logorhythmics in the Development of Preschoolers with Mental Retardation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 931-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Y. Lakhtin ◽  
S.V. Shmeleva ◽  
A.A. Gulyaev ◽  
A.N. Vakulenko ◽  
N.V. Logachev
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
And Control

Modern science is actively studying developmental disorders in preschool children with mental retardation. Many mechanisms for the formation of mental retardation in preschoolers have been elucidated. It is recognized that the preschool age is most favorable for the successful correction of the development of such children. Considering that the general development is directly related to the level of speech formation and the mental activity, it was decided to evaluate the corrective possibilities of logorhythmics in children with mental retardation. To assess the developmental characteristics of such children, a set of complementary research methods was applied in dynamics. It includes: the “House” method, the method of studying the sound-absorbing side of speech, the method of studying attention “Find the difference”, the method of studying thinking “Understanding pictures with hidden meaning”, the method of researching the level of vocabulary development and general awareness “Show and tell”. The author’s logorithmic correctional program showed its advantages in comparison with the traditional correction in relation to the development of personal, intellectual and speech development in children with mental retardation. This was confirmed during the comparison of the results of correction in the experimental and control groups, which proved that logopedic rhythmics is the preferred means of enhancing development in preschool children with mental retardation.

Children With Self-Injurious Behavior

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Hyman ◽  
Wayne Fisher ◽  
Marianne Mercugliano ◽  
Michael F. Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

Self-injurious behavior is a serious problem that is not uncommon among individuals with mental retardation. Medical and developmental characteristics of 97 children, adolescents, and young adults (age range 11 months to 21 years, 11 months) assessed and treated for self-injurious behavior in a specialized, interdisciplinary inpatient unit between 1980 and 1988 were reviewed. This population differed from those reported in previous studies in that it was of school age and predominantly community based. Severe or profound mental retardation was present in 82.5% of our patients. The causative diagnoses associated with self-injurious behavior were similar to those of severe mental retardation alone. Associated disabilities represented at greater than expected frequencies included pervasive developmental disorders, visual impairment, and a history of infantile spasms. Most patients (81.4%) engaged in more than one type of self-injurious behavior. The most common topographies were head banging, biting, head hitting, body hitting, and scratching. Physical injury was documented in 77% of cases; the injuries most frequently reported were excoriations, scars/callus formation, hematomas, and local infection. As community placement of handicapped individuals continues to increase, pediatricians will be called upon to monitor patients who engage in self-injurious behavior.

Features of the dialogic speech development of senior preschoolers with mental retardation

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Elena A. Dyboshina ◽  
Lyudmila G. Shadrinа
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
General Education ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Language Norms

The analysis of contemporary pedagogical studies, the practice of special pedagogy and psychology shows that the dialogic speech development of preschoolers with mental retardation continues to be an urgent problem in the field of education and upbringing of children with disabilities. We analyze the views of various researchers on the significance of the dialogic speech development of preschoolers. It is noted that despite the apparent simplicity of the dialogue, greater independence from language norms, participation in effective communication presents significant difficulties for children of this category. We also present an analysis of the results of our own diagnostic examination of dialogic speech of senior preschoolers with mental retardation. We reveal the features of performing three tasks by children of senior preschool age in the general education group and a group of children with mental retardation. Tasks revealed the ability of children to answer questions of different types, implement the plot using the characters’ dialogue, and request information. It turned out that children with mental retardation are characterized by a long “inclusion” in the task, poor vocabulary, use of simple phrases, and inability to update their speech and thought capabilities. At the same time, the obtained data allow us to outline a perspective in the development of dialogue of children.

Modern approaches to correction of dental and speech disorders in children with motor disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
M. A. Danilova ◽  
E. A. Zalazaeva
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cerebral Paralysis ◽  
Speech Defects

Relevance. An important modern medical and social problem is child disability, as it is one of the most important characteristics of public health and social well-being of the country, and also serves as an indicator of the health of the child population and the quality of medical care for children and their mothers. The specificity of children's disability is that the limitations of life arise in the period of active formation of higher mental functions, assimilation of knowledge and skills, in the period of formation of personality. Purpose. To improve the quality of comprehensive rehabilitation of children with motor disorders, having dental and speech disorders, based on the introduction of improved standards of medical and social rehabilitation and habilitation services. Materials and methods. The cohort of patients included in the study was represented by 120 disabled children with motor disorders in the form of spastic forms of cerebral paralysis, having dental anomalies and speech defects, the average age was 8.7 years ± 1.2 years. In the course of an open controlled prospective clinical study, neurological and dental status, psycho-speech development in the dynamics before and after treatment and rehabilitation measures were evaluated. Results. Data on the frequency and structure of dental anomalies and speech disorders in children with different clinical variants of spastic forms of cerebral paralysis were obtained. Conclusions. It is shown that contemporary approaches to correction of dental and speech disorders in children with motor disorders give a positive result and should be carried out continuously from an early age until the maximum possible correction of lost functions is achieved. 

scholarly journals Features of the development of the semantic side of speech in junior schoolchildren with mental retardation

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
Mariya Buslaeva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Utterance Generation ◽  
High Degree

The article discusses the problem of education of children with disabilities, which is relevant today due to the objective difficulties of social functioning and the child's entry into society. It is known that the basis of a person's speech organization is vocabulary, the shortcomings of which significantly complicate the process of social adaptation. The features of the intellectual and speech development of students with mental retardation limit the ability of these children to understand the speech of others, to adequately express their own thoughts and lead to an inferiority of social and everyday orientation. Consequently, one of the urgent areas of work with children with mental retardation should be the formation and development of vocabulary, characterized by sufficiency and usefulness, in terms of the volume of vocabulary, semantics and syntagmatic characteristics. The solution of this practical problem will allow primary schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities to expand their vocabulary, to form their basic cognitive processes, in the structure of which speech occupies one of the basic positions. To study the level of formation of the semantic side of speech of children with intellectual underdevelopment at the present stage, we conducted a psychological and pedagogical study, in which 1376 schoolchildren from Kaluga and Obninsk, Kaluga region, took part. The diagnostic results made it possible to reveal the fact that with mental retardation, operations and levels of speech utterance generation (semantic, linguistic, sensorimotor levels) are impaired to varying degrees. The most underdeveloped are highly organized, complex levels (semantic, linguistic), requiring a high degree of formation of the operations of analysis, synthesis, generalization, the sensorimotor level of speech in these children suffers in different ways. The study showed that the symptomatology and mechanism of speech disorders in these children are determined not only by the presence of a general underdevelopment of the cerebral systems, which causes systemic speech impairment, but also local pathology on the part of systems directly related to speech, which further complicates the picture of speech impairments in mentally retarded children.

scholarly journals SPECIFICITY OF INFLUENCE OF CHILDREN WITH COMPLEX DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS ON MARRIAGE RELATIONS IN THEIR FAMILIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Shevchuk V.V.
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Marital Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Marital Relations ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Speech Defects ◽  
Relationship Of

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to highlight the results of a study of the impact of children with complex developmental disorders on the marital relationship of their parents.Methods. To achieve this goal and solve problems, the following psychodiagnostic tools were used: the scale “Marital Relations” according to the method “Incomplete sentences” and the scale of perception of self, marriage partner and other men and women according to the Semantic Differential of C.Osgood. The Mann-Whitney test was used to verify the reliability of the obtained data.Results. The study of marital relationships was conducted with 288 parents with children with complex developmental disorders (among them 152 raising children with complex speech and mental retardation and 136 parents of children with musculoskeletal disorders and oligophrenia), who formed the main group, and 184 parents of children without disabilities, who acted as a control group. According to the analysis of the research results, the following general characteristics can be distinguished:− marital relations in families with children with complex developmental disorders are less harmonious, less favorable, with a complicated intimate life and more tense compared to families raising children without developmental disabilities. Mothers of children with musculoskeletal disorders and oligophrenia show a particularly negative attitude towards marital relations, although their husbands consider them to be strong and active individuals;− self-esteem of mothers of children with complex developmental disorders is not homogeneous: underestimated - in those who raise a child with musculoskeletal disorders and oligophrenia and adequate - in women who have a child with complex speech defects and mental retardation;− men who raise children with complex developmental disorders also have low self-esteem, are not purposeful and less active than parents of children with normative development;− mothers and fathers explain their unrealized plans by failed marital and family relationships and their child’s shortcomings.Conclusions. The appearance in the family of a child with complex developmental disorders mainly has a negative effect on the marital relationship of parents, changing the perceptions of the couple about the environment, about themselves, each other and affects the relationship between them.Key words: child with complex developmental disorders, complex speech defects, oligophrenia, marital relations. Метою статті є висвітлення результатів дослідження особливостей впливу дітей із комплексними порушеннями розвитку на шлюбні стосунки їх батьків.Методи. Для досягнення поставленої мети та вирішення завдань використано такий психодіагностичний інструментарій: шкала «Подружні стосунки» за методикою «Незакінчені речення» і шкали сприймання себе, шлюбного партнера та інших чоловіків і жінок за семантичним диференціалом Ч. Осгуда. Для перевірки достовірності отриманих даних застосовувався критерій Манна-Уїтні.Результати. Дослідження шлюбних взаємин було проведене з 288 батьками, які мають дітей з комплексними порушеннями розвитку (серед них – 152 виховують дітей зі складними мовленнєвими вадами та розумовою відсталістю і 136 – із порушеннями опорно-рухового апарату та олігофренією), які склали основну групу, а також з 184 батьками дітей без вад розвитку, які виконували роль контрольної групи. За аналізом результатів дослідження можна виокремити такі загальні характеристики: – шлюбні стосунки у сім’ях, де є діти з комплексними порушеннями розвитку, менш гармонійні, менш сприятливі, з ускладненим інтимним життям та більш напружені порівняно із сім’ями, які виховують дітей без вад розвитку. Особливо виражене негативне ставлення до шлюбних стосунків демонструють матері дітей з порушеннями опорно-рухового апарату та олігофренією, хоча чоловіки вважа-ють їх сильними та активними особистостями;– самооцінка матерів дітей з комплексними порушеннями розвитку є неоднорідною: занижена – у тих, які виховують дитину з порушеннями опорно-рухового апарату та олігофренією, адекватна – у жінок, які мають дитину зі складними мовленнєвими вадами та розумовою відсталістю;– чоловіки, які виховують дітей з комплексними порушеннями розвитку, мають також занижену самооцінку, нецілеспрямовані та менш активні, ніж батьки дітей з нормативним розвитком;– матері та батьки пояснюють свої нереалізовані плани невдалими шлюбно-сімейними стосунками та вадами своєї дитини.Висновки. Поява в сім’ї дитини з комплексними порушеннями розвитку переважно негативно позначається на шлюбних стосунках батьків, змінюючи уявлення подружжя про оточення, себе, один одного, та впливає на взаємини між ними.Ключові слова: complex developmental disorders, complex speech disorders, oligophrenia, musculoskeletal disorders, marital relations.

A maternally inherited Interstitial Xq21 deletion associated with deafness and mental retardation syndrome in a male patient

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Ж.Г. Маркова ◽  
М.Е. Миньженкова ◽  
Н.А. Демина ◽  
Н.В. Шилова
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray Analysis ◽  
Mild Phenotype ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Causative Effect ◽  
Female Carriers ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Клиническое значение делеции района q21 хромосомы X у мужчин все еще плохо изучено. Было показано, что делеция Xq21, включающая гены POU3F4, CHM и ZNF711, может приводить к глухоте, умственной отсталости и хороидеремии. Несмотря на тяжелые симптомы, наблюдаемые у пробандов-мужчин, большинство носителей женского пола бессимптомны или имеют незначительные фенотипические проявления. Представлена клиническая и молекулярно-цитогенетическая характеристика случая делеции района q21.1-q21.31 хромосомы X, выявленной при проведении хромосомного микроматричного анализа у пациента с задержкой психоречевого развития, лицевыми дизморфиями и тугоухостью. Такая же делеция была выявлена у практически здоровой матери. Наши данные способствуют дальнейшему пониманию корреляции между делецией Xq21 и аномальным фенотипом. Deletions on the X chromosome can lead to serious birth defects. Deletions in Xq21 cause various congenital defects in males including choroideremia, deafness and mental retardation, depending on their size and gene content. Only a limited number of patients with Xq21 deletions has been reported. It has been shown that deletions of the adjacent Xq21 genes, including the POU3F4, CHM and ZNF711 genes, can lead to deafness and mental retardation syndrome and choroideremia. Despite the severe symptoms exhibited by male probands, most female carriers are asymptomatic or exhibit only a mild phenotype. The article presents the clinical and molecular-cytogenetic characteristics of a case of deletion of the Xq21.1-q21.31 region of chromosome X, revealed during chromosomal microarray analysis in a patient with delayed psycho-speech development, facial dysmorphisms and hearing loss. The same deletion was found in an apparently healthy mother. Our study confirms the causative effect between the Xq21 deletion in males and choroideremia, deafness and mental retardation.

scholarly journals Speech Defects and Mental Retardation: Survey in Oregon

1966 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Robert W. Blakeley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Speech Defects

scholarly journals Dental status of children with special needs in Banjaluka

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Djeri ◽  
Irena Kuzmanovic-Radman ◽  
Budimka Novakovic ◽  
Dejan Bozic ◽  
Milkica Grabez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Class I ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
The Status

Introduction. Dental status in people with special needs is generally non satisfactory. Children with special needs have difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene, they require special conditions for dental care and because of previous negative experience they often show emotional vulnerability. Development of oral and dental diseases in these subjects is the consequence of insufficient knowledge about the causes of these diseases, poor eating habits, low level of oral hygiene and inadequate number of visits to dentist. The aim of this study was to determine dental status and the prevalence of dental caries in children with special needs in the institution ?Zastiti me? in Banjaluka. Material and Methods. The study included 82 children (53 boys and 29 girls) with mixed and permanent dentition age 5-15 years. They were divided into four groups according to their diagnosis. The first group included children with combined disorders of speech development and hearing, in the second group were children who had neurological disorders without mental retardation, third group included children with mild mental retardation and fourth group comprised children with moderate mental retardation. For each patient the number of teeth, the presence of caries and restorations, the number of extracted teeth, the presence of residual roots and the presence and number of fixed restorations were recorded. Results. Mean DMFT of all teeth was 9.77. Detailed analysis showed the greatest number of decayed teeth (83.83%), and filled teeth (9.52%) whereas the least number was for extracted teeth (6.65%). The highest percentage of children (79.27%) did not have any class I composite filling or one amalgam filling class I (82.92%). Only one child had a fixed restoration. Conclusion. The status of teeth in children with special needs in the institution ?Zastiti me? in Banjaluka indicated high percentage of carious teeth, small percentage of restorations and extracted teeth, and inadequate oral hygiene.

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