scholarly journals The Islamic World and Digital Threats of the 21st Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
G. N. Valiakhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Regional Leaders

The article analyzes the stages and reasons for involvement of the Islamic world in digital wars and the cyber arms race. Digital threats are carried not only by Muslim states that claim to be regional leaders in the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, but also by non-state actors – groups of highly skilled hackers, hacktivists, «lone wolves», radical extremist Islamist groups. The realities of the digital age significantly enhance the heterogeneity and inconsistency of the modern Islamic world. It puts on the international agenda the question of increasing global cooperation in the cyber arm control process as well as the settlement of the most pressing issues of Muslim countries and communities.

Part II Islamic Law and Contracts in Practice, 12 Shari’a-Compliant Funds: Principles and Practical Considerations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmedani Zeeshan ◽  
Alam Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Investment Management ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Asset Classes

This concluding chapter explores Shari’a-compliant funds. The Shari’a-compliant funds sector is concentrated in three distinct ways, each of which exemplifies constraints on its ability to grow. First, the sector is still largely concentrated in two regions of the Islamic world: the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Second, the sector is also concentrated in a small number of asset classes. Thus, it does not as yet provide its investor base with the broad spectrum of exposure to geographies, asset classes, strategies, and return profiles that are the hallmark of a mature investment management industry. Third, the Shari’a-compliant funds sector lacks significant diversification across managers, with a handful of large managers still dominating the market. The chapter then looks at the basic tenets of Islamic finance and their application to Shari’a-compliant funds. It also considers the various types of Shari’a-compliant funds, as well as the process of establishing and operating a Shari’a-compliant fund.

Rising carbon dioxide is decreasing nutrition in crops and endangering health among the less wealthy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Smith ◽  
Samuel S. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Human Health ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels

Carbon dioxide levels are rising globally. The increasing CO2 levels reduce the concentration of nutrients in many of the crops that are consumed worldwide (wheat, rice, barley, maize, legumes, and potatoes). The larger effects for human health are concentrated in regions that heavily rely on these crops for their nutrition such as South and Southeast Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East. Because these effects are likely to be hidden, we should better monitor the nutritional status of populations as well as crop nutrient content over the coming decades.

scholarly journals Pesantren

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggi Cecilia Safaningrum ◽  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Learning Centers ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Level Training ◽  
Type Of School

A type of school in Southeast Asia offering second-level training in Islamic subjects. The term is pesantren on Java, surau on Sumatra, pondok on the Malay Peninsula and Cambodia, and madrasah in the Philippines and Singapore. Pesantren derives from the sixteenth century, when learning centers were established, known as a place of learning for the Islamic faithful (santris). Surau was a place for worship in early Southeast Asia, while pondok derives from the travelers’ inns (Ar., funduq) of the Middle East. Madrasah is the generic name for such schools throughout the Islamic world.

Empirical Evidence for Significance Quest Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-117
Author(s):  
Arie W. Kruglanski ◽  
Jocelyn J. Bélanger ◽  
Rohan Gunaratna
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual

This chapter examines cutting-edge empirical evidence related to the psychology of terrorism. This evidence is gleaned through a variety of methods that include surveys and experiments carried out in the laboratory and in the field. It contains samples from a variety of locations and conflict zones such as the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, Europe and the United States. Different types of data are described that bear on relations between variables identified in the authors’ 3N theory of radicalization. This includes published evidence that relates individuals’ feelings of humiliation and significance loss to their tendency to identify as members of a collectivity and to their support for violence. Not only attesting to the power of the network to solidify individuals’ world views, the chapter also shows that the relation between significance loss and extreme attitudes is qualified by the group to which the individual belongs.

scholarly journals Book Review: Transational Sites of China's Cultural Diplomacy: Central Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East and Europe Compared.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton O Clark
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Hearts And Minds

This review celebrates editors Jarmila Ptáčková, Ondřej Klimeš, and Gary Rawnsley’s Transnational Sites of China’s Cultural Diplomacy. Ptáčková Et. Al. advocate for a transnational approach to the study of Chinese cultural diplomacy, suggesting that various sites or localities that aim to improve the image of the PRC aboard can be read as discrete units of analysis. This method stresses the need to expand our understanding of how state or non-state actors’ excerpt or fail to excerpt influence within a given region. An emphasis is placed on the diverse set of forces that are involved in shaping the meaning of a given states cultural diplomacy. The nine chapters in this volume demonstrate how different “sites” influence China’s cultural diplomacy. An effort is made to emphasize how China has adapted or failed to adapt to local circumstance, stressing the governments rapidly changing and developing cultural-diplomatic apparatus. It is concluded that this volume constitutes an important contribution to the study of policy, cultural diplomacy, and our future understanding of the PRC and its ability to win over hearts and minds in a global context.

scholarly journals ABDUL SAMAD AL-FALIMBANI'S ROLE AND CONTRIBUTION IN THE DISCOURSE OF ISLAMIC KNOWLEDGE IN MALAY WORLD

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hussain Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Intellectual Networks ◽  
Modern Era

Shaykh Abdussamad al-Falimbani was an important figure in the intellectual tradition of Islam in the Malay world in the 18th century. This article shows that al-Falimbani played an important role in conveying and developing Islamic sciences, not only in the Malay World even in Arab lands, including in Makkah and in Zabid, Yemen. Al-Falimbani was also one of the superior scholars who not only received recognition from fellow scholars and students from among the Malays, even from his colleagues and students who were Arab. Al-Falimbani's important contribution to the intellectual tradition of Islam in Malay World was: the first, the spread of al-Falimbani's various religious works to various regions of the Islamic world, both in Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Second, the development of intellectual networks of teachers and students in the region of Malay and Middle East in the 18th century. Third, the maintenance of the continuity of Islamic scientific treasures from the classical Islamic scholars to the Muslims in the 18th century even to the modern era today. Fourth, harmonize tasawuf teachings with Islamic law, so that the traditions and rituals of Sufism remain practiced in the corridors of the valid Shari'a.  

Sectarian struggle in the Middle East and the new Alliances

2019 ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Harith Qahtan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Era ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The World ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
Other World ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
New Formation

Our Islamic world passes a critical period representing on factional, racial and sectarian struggle especially in the Middle East, which affects the Islamic identification union. The world passes a new era of civilization formation, and what these a new formation which affects to the Islamic civilization especially in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Lebanon. The sectarian struggle led to heavy sectarian alliances from Arab Gulf states and Turkey from one side and Iran states and its alliances in the other side. The Sunni and Shia struggle are weaken the World Islamic civilization and it is competitive among other world civilization.

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