Jewish religious communities in Kuban and Terek regions at the second half of the XIX - the beginning of the XX centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Norkina
Keyword(s):  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to the history of the formation and features of the functioning of Jewish religious institutions outside the Pale of Settlement in the second half of the XIXth — early XXth centuries. The study is based on the materials of the Kuban and Terek regions, which had a somewhat different administrative and political structure from most other regions. Historically, the peculiarities of these areas influenced the policy of the authorities in towards the Jews, which influenced the activities of rabbis and synagogues. Despite the fact that the activities of rabbis and synagogues were constantly interrupted due to a number of external circumstances, members of local Jewish societies actively engaged in dialogue with the authorities and sought to revive religious buildings to life. Even small communities of Kuban and Terek tried to support their religious institutions and preserve the traditions of Judaism.

scholarly journals The Petition Campaign of the Muslims of Leningrad on the Return of the Cathedral Mosque in 1946–1955

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-775
Author(s):  
R. I. Bekkin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
Council Of Ministers

The article examines the petition campaign for the return of the Cathedral Mosque, organized by the Muslims of Leningrad in the second half of the 1940s and the first half of the 1950s. The campaign represents an example of a human rights activity (albeit in a limited sphere, for securing freedom of conscience), and should be taken into account when studying the history of the human and civil rights movement in the USSR. The language and argumentation used by authors of the petitions are analyzed. The article examines the religious life of Leningrad Muslims outside of the mosque (in particular, the holding of festive services at the Tatar cemetery in the village of Volkova). The article touches upon the problem of historical memory. The memories of the struggle for permission to build a mosque in St. Petersburg in tsarist times, preserved among Leningrad Muslims, were taken into account by officials when deciding whether to return this religious building to believers in the 1950s. The problem of returning the mosque is considered in the context of changes in the confessional policy of the country’s leadership. The article demonstrates the role of such a body as the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR touches upon this role in resolving issues of returning religious buildings to believers in the post-war period. Particular attention is paid to the relations within the Leningrad Muslim community. On the example of the conflict between imam-khatib Abdulbari N. Isaev and Chairman of the twenty (dvadtsatka) Usman Bogdanov, the author examines the system of power relations within religious communities in the USSR in the postwar period. In particular, the article mentions the narrative that Bogdanov proposed to subordinate dvadtsatka directly to the Commissioner of the Council for Religious Affairs in the Leningrad Region.

scholarly journals “Let’s See if we can go a Whole Day on the Road Eating Free Food”: Encountering the Divine with Claire Dwyer in the Private Spaces of Richmond’s Highway to Heaven

2021 ◽  
pp. 000842982198895
Author(s):  
Justin KH Tse
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
The Road ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Private Spaces ◽  
On The Road

This article recounts the development of the author’s positionality in studying religion in a Canadian suburb through a collaborative project with the late feminist geographer of religion Claire Dwyer. The field site was No. 5 Road, the “Highway to Heaven” in Richmond, British Columbia with over 20 religious institutions on a three kilometre stretch of road. Building from Dwyer’s writing on “encountering the divine” through field work from 2010 to 2012, the author offers an account of a personal shift from evangelical religious exclusivism to an understanding of the plurality of interreligious experience. Using a reflexive writing style, the article works through the discovery that each of the religious communities on the road saw themselves as private spaces into which the collaborative researchers were invited. “Encountering the divine” therefore tended to take place over meals inside the various religious buildings, leading to the personal transformation that the author describes. This article contributes to religious studies by offering an account of how the act of ethnographic field work can lead to a shift within a researcher’s own positionality, which must be brought reflexively and explicitly to the fore through the practice of research.

scholarly journals KOMI OLD BELIEVER’S COMMUNITIES AT THE TURN OF THE XXth - XXIst CENTURIES: TRANSFORMATION OF RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-696
Author(s):  
Victoria Vladimirovna Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Religious Leadership ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The history of the spread of Old Belief among Finno-Ugric peoples, its role in the formation of local ethno-confessional groups had drew attention of researchers for several decades. Special attention is paid to studying of the mechanisms of self-preservation of Old Believer’s communities, in particular such institutions as the Old Believer community and religious leadership ( nastavnichestvo ). The Old Belief, which became widespread among the Komi-Zyryans at the end of the XVIIIth century, significantly influenced their culture and way of life. By the end of the XIX century three ethno-confessional groups of Komi Old Believers were formed: Udora, Upper Vychegda and Upper Pechora. Socio-political and economic transformations of the Soviet period had a strong influence on their development. The purpose of the article is to present and analyze the changes that occurred in the late 1990s - early 2000s with the most important institutions of the Old Belief: the religious community and religious leadership. The study is based on field materials collected during ethnographic expeditions in 1999-2014. The collected materials allow us to talk about significant changes in the socio-religious life of the Komi-Zyryan’s Old-Believer communities. The author shows several variants of changes of studied religious institutions: their preservation (with a simplification of the structure); disappearance; gradual secularization (blurring of intra- and inter-confessional borders). The main problems of all Komi Old-Believer communities of this period are: small numbers, predominance of older women and the absence of youth. The author demonstrates the role of Old-Believers leaders in determining of the religious communities future fate.

Religion and Gentrification in the Twenty-First-Century City

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-214
Author(s):  
Alyssa Maldonado-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Creative Class ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ethnic Enclave ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Architecture Development

This chapter explores how Williamsburg, Brooklyn, captures, in miniature, broader twentieth- and twenty-first-century trends of deindustrialization, urban renewal and the decline of the white ethnic enclave, gentrification and the revitalization of cities, and neoliberal politics. It places architecture, development, and gentrification at the center of threats to the longevity of religious communities like the Catholic parish. It argues for the importance of religion and religious institutions in understanding how communities resist and adapt to gentrification. It theorizes “lifeblood of the parish” and explores the Shrine Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel’s ethic of survival amid decades of neighborhood change, under Robert Moses and Mayor Michael Bloomberg. The feast and giglio are an assertion of a particular masculine history of Williamsburg, and this chapter examines the gendered logics by which communities work to secure and narrate their survival in a city increasingly built for leisure, tourism, and the creative class.

Secularization and Sacred Space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bains
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Sacred Spaces ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
Secular World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Catholics

Secularization, or the decline in the authority of religious institutions, became a pronounced feature of Western culture in the 20th century, especially in its latter half. Secularization has affected the history of Western sacred space in four ways: (a) It has helped to shape the concept of “sacred space” so that it designates a space that helps generate a personal religious experience independent of religious rituals and teachings. (b) It has caused many houses of worship to use architectural forms not previously associated with religion in order to link their religious communities to the respected realms of business, science, and entertainment. And it has motivated religious communities to craft spaces that encourage worshipers to recognize God at work in the secular world and to demonstrate to others the continued relevance of religion. (c) Many former houses of worship have been destroyed or converted to other uses. Sometimes this occurred not because of declining membership but in order to relocate to a more favorable building or location. Nonetheless, these changes have created a more secular cityscape. Other times destruction and conversion have been the product of state-sponsored regimes of secularization or a decline in the number of clergy or church supporters. The reuse of these former houses of worship often results in the association of religious symbols with commercial or personal endeavors. It also raises challenges for maintaining public space in dense urban environments and for preserving artistic and cultural heritage. Given the increasing closure of churches, in 2018 the Pontifical Council of Culture issued guidelines to guide Roman Catholics in determining best uses for buildings no longer needed for worship. (d) Spaces which are not linked to religious communities, especially museums and monuments, came to be frequently designed in ways similar to historic sacred spaces. For this reason and others, they are esteemed by many people as places to encounter the sacred in a secularized world.

FBI and Religion

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interdisciplinary Assessment ◽  
Civic Religion ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This volume is an interdisciplinary assessment of the relationship between religion and the FBI. We recount the history of the FBI’s engagement with multiple religious communities and with aspects of public or “civic” religion such as morality and respectability. The book presents new research to explain roughly the history of the FBI’s interaction with religion over approximately one century, from the pre-Hoover period to the post-9/11 era. Along the way, the book explores vexed issues that go beyond the particulars of the FBI’s history—the juxtaposition of “religion” and “cult,” the ways in which race can shape the public’s perceptions of religion (and vica versa), the challenges of mediating between a religious orientation and a secular one, and the role and limits of academic scholarship as a way of addressing the differing worldviews of the FBI and some of the religious communities it encounters.

Ascetics and Brahmins

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Olivelle
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
New Religions ◽  
Creative Tension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indian Religion

This volume brings together papers on Indian ascetical institutions and ideologies published by Olivelle over a span of about thirty years. Asceticism represents a major strand in the religious and cultural history of India, providing some of the most creative elements within Indian religions and philosophies. Most of the major religions, such as Buddhism and Jainism, and religious philosophies both within these new religions and in the Brahmanical tradition were created by world renouncing ascetics. Yet, ascetical institutions and ideologies developed in a creative tension with other religious institutions that stressed the centrality of family, procreation, and society. It is this tension that has articulated many of the central features of Indian religion and culture. The papers collected in this volume seek to locate Indian ascetical traditions within their historical, political, and ideological contexts. Many of the papers included here represent some of Olivelle's earliest work. It is quite natural that as one matures as a scholar one's approaches and theoretical models change. It would have been impractical and unwise to rewrite all these earlier papers. Even though some of these papers are now dated, bringing them together in a single volume, it is hoped, will prove to be helpful to scholars and students.

Design and Operation of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants by the Microbial Film Process

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Iwai ◽  
Y. Oshino ◽  
T. Tsukada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Fishing Villages ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Microbial Film

Although the ratio of sewer systems to population in Japan has been improving in recent years, the construction of sewer systems in small communities such as farming or fishing villages, etc. had lagged behind that of urban areas. However, construction of small-scale sewer systems in farming and fishing villages has been actively carried out in recent years. This report explains the history of the promotion of small-scale sewer systems, why submerged filter beds are being employed in many cases, and introduces the design, operation and maintenance of representative waste-water treatment plants in farming and fishing villages which incorporate de-nitrogen and dephosphorization.

Religious Architecture in Latium and Etruria, c. 900-500 BC

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte R. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

Religious Architecture in Latium and Etruria, c. 900-500 BC presents the first comprehensive treatment of cult buildings in western central Italy from the Iron Age to the Archaic Period. By analysing the archaeological evidence for the form of early religious buildings and their role in ancient communities, it reconstructs a detailed history of early Latial and Etruscan religious architecture that brings together the buildings and the people who used them. The first part of the study examines the processes by which religious buildings changed from huts and shrines to monumental temples, and explores apparent differences between these processes in Latium and Etruria. The second part analyses the broader architectural, religious, and topographical contexts of the first Etrusco-Italic temples alongside possible rationales for their introduction. The result is a new and extensive account of when, where, and why monumental cult buildings became features of early central Italic society.

Religion, Race, and Sexuality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica L. Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
The North ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Race And Sexuality ◽  
Sex And Sexuality ◽  
American Experiment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Private Matter

The history of sexuality is a growing area of interest for scholars of religion and race in the North American context. That which is often regarded as a private matter—sex and sexuality—is in fact shaped by larger cultural, economic, political, and religious forces. To study the intersections of sexuality and race in American religious history, then, is to examine the role of belief, as well as formal religious institutions and their spokespeople, in circulating ideas about bodies, sex, marriage, family, morality, and immorality. If religious variety has been one way that scholars have understood the American experiment from the earliest colonial encounters to the present day, this chapter considers moments when sex and sexuality, and the religious thinking that passes judgments on sexual practices, has served to define or highlight racial difference in American history.

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