scholarly journals KOMI OLD BELIEVER’S COMMUNITIES AT THE TURN OF THE XXth - XXIst CENTURIES: TRANSFORMATION OF RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-696
Author(s):  
Victoria Vladimirovna Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Religious Leadership ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The history of the spread of Old Belief among Finno-Ugric peoples, its role in the formation of local ethno-confessional groups had drew attention of researchers for several decades. Special attention is paid to studying of the mechanisms of self-preservation of Old Believer’s communities, in particular such institutions as the Old Believer community and religious leadership ( nastavnichestvo ). The Old Belief, which became widespread among the Komi-Zyryans at the end of the XVIIIth century, significantly influenced their culture and way of life. By the end of the XIX century three ethno-confessional groups of Komi Old Believers were formed: Udora, Upper Vychegda and Upper Pechora. Socio-political and economic transformations of the Soviet period had a strong influence on their development. The purpose of the article is to present and analyze the changes that occurred in the late 1990s - early 2000s with the most important institutions of the Old Belief: the religious community and religious leadership. The study is based on field materials collected during ethnographic expeditions in 1999-2014. The collected materials allow us to talk about significant changes in the socio-religious life of the Komi-Zyryan’s Old-Believer communities. The author shows several variants of changes of studied religious institutions: their preservation (with a simplification of the structure); disappearance; gradual secularization (blurring of intra- and inter-confessional borders). The main problems of all Komi Old-Believer communities of this period are: small numbers, predominance of older women and the absence of youth. The author demonstrates the role of Old-Believers leaders in determining of the religious communities future fate.

Jewish religious communities in Kuban and Terek regions at the second half of the XIX - the beginning of the XX centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Norkina
Keyword(s):  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to the history of the formation and features of the functioning of Jewish religious institutions outside the Pale of Settlement in the second half of the XIXth — early XXth centuries. The study is based on the materials of the Kuban and Terek regions, which had a somewhat different administrative and political structure from most other regions. Historically, the peculiarities of these areas influenced the policy of the authorities in towards the Jews, which influenced the activities of rabbis and synagogues. Despite the fact that the activities of rabbis and synagogues were constantly interrupted due to a number of external circumstances, members of local Jewish societies actively engaged in dialogue with the authorities and sought to revive religious buildings to life. Even small communities of Kuban and Terek tried to support their religious institutions and preserve the traditions of Judaism.

scholarly journals GENETICALLY TURKISH OIKONYMS OF ODESSA REGION: MOTIVATED / UNMOTIVATED RENEWALS OF THE SOVIET PERIOD.

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-24
Author(s):  
Sviatoslav Verbych
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Artificial Nature ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Local Nature ◽  
Cultural Features

Introduction. The article analyzes the oikonyms of the modern Odessa region, which were formed during the Turkish-Tatar (Nogai) history of this region. The genetic Turkic names that the Bulgarian settlers moved to a new place of residence from their homeland (or from the territory of Turkey) during the end of the XVIII – first half of the XIX century are analyzed. These names were changed as a result of administrative intervention by the Soviet authorities, mainly during 1944–1945. Аim. The study aims to carry out etymological and structural-semantic analysis of genetically Turkic oikonyms of modern Odessa region. The object of the study is the genetically Turkic names of the settlements of Odesa region (local and transferred by Bulgarian settlers from across the Danube), which were changed administratively mainly after 1944; the subject of research is to find out the etymologies of the corresponding oikonyms and their structural and semantic characteristics. Research methods. For the analysis of oikonyms the descriptive method is applied by means of which the structure of both historical (genetically Turkic), and new (Soviet period) names is characterized, and also reception of the etymological analysis for establishment of etymons of genetically Turkic names of settlements. Research results. The article identifies word-forming models, presents the classification of genetically Turkic oikonyms of Odesa region, clarifies the dеonymic motivation of their creative bases; the structure of new (renamed) names is characterized. Conclusions. It is proved that most renamings do not take into account either the derivation model, which formed the original name of the settlement, or the appellate (onym) meaning of the creative bases, which convincingly testifies to their artificial nature, lack of connection with local nature, historical and cultural features of the region. It should be noted that it is necessary to change the names of the modern Odessa region, in particular the names with the Russian imperial connotation (Alexandrovka, Suvorov), as well as with the Russian-speaking structure (Udobne, Utkonosivka).  

scholarly journals KHERSON JEWS OF THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY IN TRAVEL NOTES

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Vodotyka S. ◽  
Chaura I.
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article is devoted to analyzing the Kherson Jewish community in the middle of the XIX century. The presentation is based on a comprehensive study of the two-volume work of Alexander Schmidt, "Materials for Geography and Statistics of Russia. Kherson province". Source criticism shows that the work contains a significant amount of reliable information on the history of individual ethnic groups of Kherson in the mid-nineteenth century, which allows us to consider it as a reliable historical source.The primary attention author pays to the issues of the demographic and social structure of the Jewish community. The number, sex component, population movement, social status were analyzed. The role of Jews in the city’s economy, especially in the functioning of a market economy, is highlighted. The article shows the peculiarities of the culture and way of life of the Kherson Jews, their interaction and relations with other ethnic groups.The author proves that the XIX century was the time of the highest rise, the acme in the history of the Jewish community of Kherson, and the Jews significantly determined the city’s face. Their number grew faster than other ethnic groups, they predominated among the wealthiest Kherson citizens, and their business activities contributed to the progress of Kherson.Key words: Kherson, the Jewish community, A. Schmidt, the interaction of ethnic groups. Стаття присвячена аналізу єврейської громади Херсона середини ХІХ ст. Виклад базується на комплексному дослідженні двотомної праці Олександра Шміта «Материалы для географии и статистики России. Херсонская губерния». Джерелознавча критика свідчить, що праця містить значний обсяг достовірної інформації з історії окремих етносів населення Херсона серед-ини ХІХ ст., що дозволяє розглядати її як надійне історичне джерело.Головну увагу приділено питанням демографічної та соціальної структури єврейської громади. Проаналізовано чисельність, статеву складову, природний і механічних рух населення, соціально-становий статус. Висвітлено роль євреїв в економіці міста, передусім у функціонуванні ринкового господарства. Показано особливості культури та побуту євреїв Херсона, їх взаємодія і стосунки з іншими етнічними групами.Доведено, що саме ХІХ ст. стало часом найвищого піднесення в історії єврейської громади Херсона, причому євреї у значній мірі визначали обличчя міста. Їхня чисельність зростала випереджаючими темпами порівняно з іншими етнічними групами, вони переважали серед найзаможнішого прошарку херсонців, а їхня діяльність у сфері бізнесу сприяла поступу Херсона. Ключові слова: Херсон, єврейська громада, О. Шміт, взаємодія етносів.

scholarly journals The History of the Manuscript’s Collections by Moldo Niyaz

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-598
Author(s):  
A. Akynbekova
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The issue of the existence of Kyrgyz literature and literary language prior the Soviet period has not yet been resolved and still remains an open topic for discussion. There is no nation without a writing system, the history; the past and experience of folk are presented to the next generation through written system. This paper provides information about the formation stages of Kyrgyz literature and literary language, written works, documents and letters written in one of the Turkic languages — Kyrgyz in the pre-Soviet period, especially in the XVIII–XIX centuries. Also, in this paper there are an assessment of ideas, criticism and opinions of Kyrgyz culture researches about Kyrgyz written system such as: A. Kanymetov, S. S. Danyarov, philologists turkologists: I. A. Batmanov, K. K. Yudakhin, S. E. Malov, V. M. Ploskikh, E. Tenishev, A. Nallo, B. M. Yunusaliev, S. K. Kudaibergenov and Kh. K. Karasaev. In this study we attempted to determine the creation dates of some written works found today. The found documents and manuscripts, relating to the middle of the XIX century, create more opportunities for linguistics’ study, for ideas and suggestions on the status of the Kyrgyz language as being Turkic of almost sesquicentennial prescription. We tried to provide the most information on the topics of study and collection of works, characterized as the most significant documents of Moldo Niyaz — one of the first representatives of ‘zhazgych akyn’s’ (reading and chronicling improvising poets). The fact that the turkologists linguists did not carry out the necessary works and did not present documentary evidence of the Kyrgyz written language results to the opinion of non-existence of Kyrgyz written language, thus literary language. However, to the present day the activities of collection of the original manuscript’s copies of ‘zhazgych akyn’s’ important representatives among the public, a compilation of manuscripts, and their linguistic studies are still ignored. This kind of work will be a valuable and useful resource for large text research in the field of hermeneutics.

scholarly journals Pluralism and Conflict: The Debate about “Russian Values” and Politics of Identity

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-273
Author(s):  
Fedor Stanzhevskiy ◽  
Dmitry Goncharko
Keyword(s):  
Way Of Life ◽  
Politics Of Identity ◽  
Common People ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Religious Wars ◽  
Religious Dimensions ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Russian Identity

Abstract This article addresses the issue of the plurality of Russian identities. The role of the “otherness” (as embodied by Catholicism) in Russian identity is addressed. The stereotype idea of the two traditionally opposed identities, those of elite and common people is corrected by suggesting a third Russian identity, shaped by the followers of the Old Belief after the split of the Russian Church. In analyzing this identity, one should consider not only the intertwined political and religious dimensions of the Russian identity but also its historical dimension. The Old Believers, owing to their worldview and way of thought, gave rise to a new anthropological figure which contrasts with the stereotyped image of the Russian grounded in the history of serfdom and rural community. This new type of Russian identity is associated with democratic governance, rigorous way of life, higher rationality, and dynamic and successful economic activity. Nevertheless, the history of the Russian Raskol reveals a latent conflict inherent in the Russian past and present and underlying Russian identities. Unlike the religious wars in Europe, this conflict received no resolution; instead, it has been repressed and therefore keeps latently affecting the Russian present. Present-day Russia should draw inspiration in the religious and political heritage of the Old Believers, if the conflict is to be resolved.

scholarly journals Old believers-wanderers of Udora and Pechora: local variants of the confessional tradition (end of the XIX – XX centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-521
Author(s):  
V. V Vlasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Variation ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S

Introduction: problem of local variation of cultures is an important part of significant for folklore and ethnographic studies. In this context, the study of confessional cultures and their variants, including old believer communities existing in different regions of the Russian Federation, is being conducted. Since the late 1980s, studies have been carried out on the role of the old belief in the ethno-cultural self-determination of local groups of Finno-Ugric peoples. The article is devoted to the history of the teaching of true orthodox christians wandering (wanderers, runners) in the areas of residence of Komi-Zyryans (on the Upper and Middle Pechora and Udora). Objective: to determine the factors that contributed the spread of the wanderers’ doctrine among the Pechora and Udora Komi-Zyryans, as well as its fate in the XX century; to characterize the features of the existing religious practices of the Udora and Pechora wanderers. Research materials: archival and published documents of ecclesiastical departments; reports of the Soviet period prepared by representatives of local party and law enforcement agencies; scientific reports of ethnographic expeditions of the 1960s. The author’s field materials were used. Results and novelty of the research: in the article for the first time the author compares local variants of Pechora and Udora tradition of the Komi old believers-wanderers. An analysis of various sources allows us to draw conclusions about the defining significance of the cultural environment, as well as social changes of the beginning of the XX century in the spread of the wanderers’ teaching among the Komi-Zyryans of Udora and Pechora. The accession of the part of Pechora Pomor communities leaders to wanderers contributed to the widespread dissemination of their doctrine on the Middle and Upper Pechora, while the old believers’ mentors of Udora opposed the wanderers, and their ideals were established only in the circle of a number of families. The difference in the number of followers, as well as the peculiarities of local religious practices, largely determined the fate of the Udora and Pechora pilgrim communities in the XX century.

The Russian Fate of John Gayʼs Fables

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Dmitry Zhatkin
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
John Gay ◽  
Holistic Perception ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Xix Century

The article, in a pioneering effort, offers to consider the history of the Russian reception of the fable creativity of the English writer John Gay (1685–1732), from its beginnings to the present day. It is noted that close attention to the fables of J. Gay in the last quarter of the 18th century, this was largely due to the interest of the Russian society in novelties in French books; as a result, prosaic translations of poetic texts from an intermediary language prevailed, against which the poetical readings of English originals created by I. Ilyinsky were undoubtedly more successful. The subsequent “surge” of interest in J. Gayʼs fable heritage at the end of the XIX century connected with the demand of society for the works of foreign authors, accessible to the mass, common reader, focused on the traditional culture of their countries. In the Soviet period, J. Gayʼs fables found themselves on the periphery of the preferences of translators and critics who interpreted mainly the writerʼs dramatic texts (“The Beggarʼs Opera”, “Polly”). The research of A.I. Zhilenkov and the translations of E.D. Feldman, published in recent decades, marked a new stage of the Russian reception, characterized by the identification of the artistic originality of Gayʼs fables, the desire for the most complete, holistic perception of the heritage of the Gay-fabulist, taking into account ancient and English literary traditions.

History of Philosophy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Kanke
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The textbook is a sequential course in the history of philosophy. The history of philosophical innovations from antiquity to the present day is considered. The content of the philosophy of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, Modern times, and the XIX century is presented. Special attention is paid to the main philosophical trends of the twentieth century, as well as Russian philosophy, including the Soviet period. The course is based on the achievements of modern science, as well as analytical philosophy, phenomenology, hermeneutics, poststructuralism and other major philosophical trends of our time. The theory of conceptual transduction is used. It is intended for bachelors studying in the enlarged group of training areas 47.00.00 "Philosophy, Ethics and Religious Studies" and other training areas. It is of considerable interest to a wide range of readers interested in the development of philosophical knowledge.

scholarly journals Ukrainian Old Believers and Russian Government (the end of the XVIII - the beginning of the twentieth century).

10.33287/1192 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
O. В. Мірошниченко
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Church

The paper is devoted to the main stages of the legal status the Old Believers in Ukraine, in particular in the Katerinoslav’s region. The main reason for the appearance of them is the settlement of new, annexed lands to the Russian Empire. As you know, the Old Believers appear after the reform of the church, which was conducted by Patriarch Nikon. Since its inception and for more than one century, the Old Believers have been a “disagreeable” mass of the population of the Russian Empire, with which both the government and the dominant church have fought. As the history of oppression, persecution, and conclusion did not yield the expected results: the Old Believers continued to practice the old faith. The paper describes the time of the XVIII-XIX centuries. In the XVIII century the territory of the Katerinoslav’s Governorate was settled by Old Believers and they influenced the other national and religious communities of the province. Relations between Old Believers and the authority was very tense and inconstant. For two centuries, there has been a warming of relations, to a noticeable confrontation on the part of officials. The authorities were not consistent in their actions towards the Old Believers, each of the rulers had their own plans and thoughts about the Old Believers. But they all tried to quickly eliminate the manifestations of a split in society by all available methods. A certain liberalization came during the reign of Catherine II, but with the accession to the throne of Nicholas I, the loyalty to the Old Believers ended. The repressive policy of the government regarding the followers of the old faith were suspended for Alexander II, and it was only in 1905 the Old Believers gained religious freedom.

scholarly journals Key aspects of the confessional policy of the Soviet State regarding the Old Believers (1922–1929) in the modern Russian secular historiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Kiryl A. Latyshau
Keyword(s):  
Central Committee ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Modern Russian

The article analyzes the key aspects of the Soviet confessional policy regarding the Old Believers (from the moment of the organization of the Anti-religious Commission under the Central Committee of the CPSU(b), which was the central body responsible for the implementation of anti-religious policies and until the adoption of the resolution «On Religious Associations», which significantly changed the policy in the field of religion) in modern Russian secular historiography. In view of the substantial quantitative and qualitative growth of Russian historiography of the history of the Old Believers in the post-Soviet period, we have summarized regional studies affecting this topic in order to identify general trends and directions in the study of the history of the state confessional policy regarding to the Old Believers characteristic of the entire territory of the USSR. Two main directions have been identified: the study of the administrative pressure, the study of the anti-religious agitation. The most important problems were raised by the researchers of anti-religious pressure that are specific for a given historical period. Two approaches to the definition of anti-religious agitation are formed, which are characterized by the opposite assessment of its effectiveness.

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