The history of research and development of the Yamal region by student construction units of the USSR (1950—1970)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (03) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Alexander Prischepa ◽  
Dmitriy Vycherov
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Employment ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Government Construction ◽  
The Arctic Region

Rational proposals for the development of the Arctic region came not only from scientists from research institutes, but also from other specialists. A large number of hypotheses and proposals for the development of the Arctic regions of the USSR were considered. At the same time, the emphasis was made on the construction of transport hubs, including cargo-forming and storage facilities with large industrial centers in Yamal. Student construction units came to the aid of the government. Construction teams were an effective way to provide secondary employment for young people, organize leisure life, the opportunity for creative activity through the self-realization of ideas and the inclusion of youth in creative work.

scholarly journals Paleotectonic and paleogeographic history of the Arctic region

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 007-039
Author(s):  
Ron Blakey
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Geologic History ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Middle Paleozoic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cordilleran Margin ◽  
The Arctic Region

Paleogeographic maps represent the ultimate synthesis of complex and extensive geologic data and express pictorially the hypothetical landscape of some region during a given time-slice of deep geologic time. Such maps, presented as paired paleogeographic and paleotectonic reconstructions, have been developed to portray the geologic history of the greater Arctic region over the past 400 million years. Collectively they depict four major episodes in the development of the Arctic region. The first episode witnessed early and middle Paleozoic terrane assembly and accretion during the Caledonian and Ellesmerian orogenies, which brought together many pieces of the Arctic collage along the northern margin of Laurussia. During the second phase, the assembly of Pangea in the late Paleozoic joined Siberia to Laurussia, an entity that became Laurasia during the subsequent break-up of Pangea. Then, Mesozoic subduction and terrane accretion constructed the Cordilleran margin and opened the Canada Basin. Finally, Cenozoic North Atlantic sea-floor spreading fully opened the Arctic Ocean.

Climatic variations in Arctic region in Cretaceous and Cenozoic

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
R. R. Gabdullin ◽  
N. V. Badulina ◽  
Yu. I. Rostovtseva ◽  
A. V. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Climatic History ◽  
Dinosaur Teeth ◽  
The Arctic Region

As a result of the analysis of published sources, a database on paleotempertures for the Arctic and Subarctic regions was collected on the skeletons of marine invertebrates, marine palynomorphs, dinosaur teeth, analysis of the ability of reptiles to lay eggs at low temperatures, continental flora (CLAMP-analysis), on the presence of coal layers in continental sediments within Arctic region, on membrane lipids of glycerol and dialkylglycerol tetraether in marine sediments and glendonite. Based on it, a paleotemperature curve was constructed for the Arctic region for the Cretaceous-Cenozoic span of geological history, which has common trends with the global paleotemperature curve [Scotise, 2015] (with the exception of cooling in the Tortonian age due to local factors). In the climatic history of the Arctic 16 climatic cycles have been established, comprising 16 climatic minima (including the glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere) and 15 climatic maxima.

scholarly journals ‘Ancient lore with modern appliances’: networks, expertise, and the making of the Open Polar Sea, 1851–1853

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Nanna Katrine Lüders Kaalund ◽  
John Woitkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
New Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arctic Exploration ◽  
Epistemic Objects ◽  
Arctic Science

Abstract This article provides a transnational analysis of the campaigns for the organization of expeditions to the central Arctic region by the American explorer Elisha Kent Kane and the Prussian cartographer August Petermann between 1851 and 1853. By adopting a comparative approach, this study focuses on three interventions in the history of Arctic science and exploration: the construction of scientific expertise surrounding the relationship between the ‘armchair’ and the field, the role of transnational networks, and the significance of maps as travelling epistemic objects in the production of knowledge about the Arctic regions. In bringing both campaigns in conversation with each other, this article demonstrates that the histories of Kane's and Petermann's campaigns did not constitute isolated episodes but form part of a transnational nexus of imperial science and Arctic exploration in the nineteenth century. Moreover, based on research in libraries and archives in the United States, Germany and England, this study reconnects otherwise siloed collections and contributes new findings on the interpersonal networks of science and exploration. Finally, this article illustrates the importance of adopting comparative transnational approaches for understanding the fluid and reciprocal nature of Arctic science throughout the transatlantic world.

scholarly journals The History of the Soviet Arctic Development in the English-Language Historiography of the Late 20th and the Early 21st Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-601
Author(s):  
Denis Anan'ev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Arctic Region

In the modern context the Arctic region is considered to be an arena for fierce international competition. The need to address numerous political, economic, legal and environmental issues, connected with this region, compels to rethink the historical experience of its development. The history of the Arctic Zone development made by the Russian Federation (particularly the Soviet period) has been studied both by Russian and foreign scholars. This paper intends to analyze the contemporary English-language publications on this topic; as well as to determine their subject matter and to identify the key trends in the English-language historiography of the Soviet Arctic development. The study has found that the contemporary English-speaking researchers (P. Josephson, J. McCannon, P. Horensma) consider a wide range of issues related to the history of the Soviet Arctic. For instance, the scholars write about the conduct of scientific research, administrative reforms and economic development, as well as about environmental issues and problems of indigenous population of the region. The theme of clarifying the role of the Soviet Union in determination of international and legal status of the Arctic region has been emphasized in the literature studied (N. Fogelson, J. McCannon). In the context of the «cultural turn» in the late 20th-century historiography Western researchers (P. Horensma, J. McCannon) analyzed the role of ideology and propaganda in constructing «the Arctic myth», its significance for the Soviet mass culture. The access to the Russian archives and their availability allowed the modern Western scholars to conduct their researches there, that resulted in obtaining a more objective assessment of the real victories and failures in the development of the Soviet Arctic. Summarizing the historical experience of the Russian Arctic development in the late 20th century the majority of Western authors believe that only the full-scale international cooperation will make it possible to effectively address the problems of the region.

scholarly journals Environmental management and economics of the Arctic Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 02058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Tsukerman ◽  
Elena Goryachevskaya ◽  
Stanislav Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Safety Planning ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Arctic Region

In the paper, the goals, priorities and objectives of the environmental safety planning and management in the Arctic are formulated. Pollutant emission dynamics in the Arctic regions for the period 2013-2017 and implementation of target indicators stipulated by the state program “Environmental Protection” are considered. The analysis of influence of performance of the major Arctic companies mainly developing mineral resources on environmental pollution during the period under consideration is carried out. It is shown that despite environmental finances and fully implemented environmental activities, the main environmental indicators practically have not improved. The proposals to improve the management of the environmental and economic system of the Arctic for sustainable development of the region are presented.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Financing Road Activities in the Arctic Region: the Experience of the Murmansk Oblast

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Natalia A. SEROVA ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Murmansk Oblast ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article presents the results of a study of the peculiarities of financing the road economy of the Murmansk region — the Arctic region, the development of transport, including road, infrastructure of which acquires particular importance in the light of the implementation of national interests and priority directions of Russian state policy in the Arctic. In the course of work, the author considered the dynamics of spending funds from the Road Fund of the Murmansk region for 2012–2020. It has been determined that the existing volume of financing of the regional road infrastructure does not allow the region to fully implement the tasks of developing road infrastructure and improving the quality of highways (primarily local ones). It is concluded that additional funds are needed to finance the road infrastructure of the Arctic regions, including through the use of public-private partnership mechanisms. The results of the study can be used in the formation of a policy in the field of road facilities in the Murmansk region, as well as in further research on the financial support of road activities and the functioning of road funds.

scholarly journals Technological Windows of Opportunity for Russian Arctic Regions: Modeling and Exploitation Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Vera P. Samarina ◽  
Tatiana P. Skufina ◽  
Diana Yu. Savon ◽  
Svetlana S. Kudryavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
The Arctic Region

The problems of exploitation of technological windows of opportunity are of particular scientific and practical interest in terms of the development of Russia’s national economy, and the Arctic region, which has a strong mineral and raw materials potential, is important in terms of its use for achieving the technological and national security of the Russian state. Considering this, the study of the theoretical and methodical aspects of the development of emerging technological windows of opportunity is important and relevant for the regions of the Russian Arctic zone. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential and reserves for exploitation of the emerging technological windows of opportunity during the deployment of a new technological order by mobilizing material and human capital in the Arctic regions. Methodological tools for the study of this problem included dynamic series analysis, structural analysis, comparison, description, descriptive statistics, cross-correlation analysis, production function model and its visualization. An analytical review of scientific publications, a set of tools and methods of research, allowed to obtain the following scientific results: A significant variability in the contribution of science-intensive and high-tech industry to the formation of gross value added in the Arctic region has been revealed; meanwhile, we can note stable dynamics of the contribution of the Arctic economy to the gross domestic product (GRP) of Russia as a whole. There is a steady excess of the productivity index over the Russian average, which can be regarded as a potential for growth of high-tech components of labor in the development of the economy of the Arctic region. There is a negative statistically significant relationship between the share of the gross regional product of the Arctic in the Russian GRP and the share of gross value added (GVA) of science-intensive products in the Arctic GRP, which can be regarded as a factor preventing the exploitation of the emerging technological windows of opportunity. The construction of a model of production function of technological windows of opportunities for the Arctic zone of Russia pointed to the presence of potential in the exploitation of emerging technological windows in the Arctic zone of Russia in the development of human capital through the activation and use of high labor productivity, creating high-performance jobs. The results of the study, its findings and its proposals can be used in the development, monitoring and implementation of state federal and regional programs and projects aimed at improving the level of technology and science intensity of production in the Arctic zone, improving its competitiveness, which is highly important for the national economy.

scholarly journals On the Methodology of Subglacial Oceans

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-253
Author(s):  
Elena V. KUDRYASHOVA ◽  
◽  
Mikhail Yu. OPENKOV ◽  
Larisa A. ZHGILEVA
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
International Space ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Testing Site ◽  
The Arctic Region

Throughout all periods of development, the history of mankind has been closely intertwined with the sea. Craving for perception of the unknown has always been favored for humans. The interrelations between people and water element were actively considered by the representatives of natural, exact and engineering sciences. Humanitarian thought can also make a contribution to the study of the oceans. The authors propose substantiation for the formation of the methodology of subglacial oceans. The methodology refers to the theory of thought and action. Modern methodology is capable of constructing the ways of thinking that solve new issues and problems. Openness to criticism of methodological thinking is its strong and promising aspect. The study of the exploration techniques of the “second space”, starting with the first steps and up to the modern attempt to create an underwater prototype of the International Space Station, leads the authors to the conclusion about the possible equivalence of space and Arctic technologies. Exploration of the ice cosmic worlds of Pluto, Jupiter and Saturn may precede the study of the Arctic region. The Arctic has the potential to become a testing site for future space missions. The sterility of space technologies can, on the other hand, provide the development of the green economy in the Arctic.

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