scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA DALAM PENGENDALIAN KUTU DAUN PADA FASE VEGETATIF TANAMAN TERUNG

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Riski Ramadhona ◽  
Djamilah Djamilah ◽  
Mukhtasar Mukhtasar
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

[EFFICACY OF PAPAYA LEAF EXTRACT IN CONTROLLING COTTON APHID DURING VEGEATIVE GROWTH STAGE OF EGGPLANT].  Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) can cause serious economic losses in the eggplant production.  The application of synthetic pesticides can be effective in controlling the pest but it may not be the best solution for the human health and environment. Botanical pesticides have long been known for their potential as the alternative to synthetic pesticides for crop protection with reduced risk to human health and environmental hazard. Objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of papaya leaf extract solutions in controlling cotton aphid and their effect on the vegetative growth of eggplant. Papaya leaf extract solutions differing in concentration (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) were sprayed onto aphid infested eggplants to observe the insect mortality, crop damage, and the lethal concentration at LC50 and LC90. The mortality of aphid was significantly increased following the application of papaya leaf extract, with the highest mortality (91.33%) was found on the concentration of 50%. The lethal concentrations of the extract causing 50% (LC50) and 90% (LC90) aphid mortality were   9.98% and 41.99%, respectively. As compared to the control treatment, the crop damage was significantly reduced by the application of the papaya leaf extract solution. 

scholarly journals Thiacloprid + Deltamethrin Against the Cotton Aphid and the Parasitoid Wasp Aphidius Colemani: From Lethal to Sublethal Population Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Majidpour ◽  
Nariman Maroofpour ◽  
Mojtaba Ghane-Jahromi ◽  
Raul Narciso C. Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The side effects of insecticides on non-target species are important to secure the intended effectiveness of pest management programs. The cotton aphid Aphis gossypii is a frequent problem in industrial greenhouse cultivation, and insecticide and parasitoids are often used for crop protection. Among insecticides, mixtures are playing increasing roles in pest management in greenhouse production system, as well as parasitoid use. The insecticide mixture thiacloprid + deltamethrin and the parasitoid wasp Aphidius colemani are the main agents used against the cotton aphid and are the focus of this study. Here, we report the effects of the thiacloprid + deltamethrin on A. gossypii and Aphidius colemani. The sublethal concentrations 2.80 mg ai/l (LC10) and 7.28 mg ai/l (LC30) compromised the demographic parameters of the aphid progeny and increased the development time at all juvenile stages. In addition, fecundity, longevity and population parameters (r, R0, and T) were significantly impaired by thiacloprid + deltamethrin, at both concentrations. The median lethal time estimate (LT50) for Aphidius colemani was 18.73 h; the parasitoid mortality was significant up to 24 h after application, but decreased afterwards. Regardless, the parasitoid life table parameters were also compromised by insecticide exposure, similarly to the parasitoid population growth and parasitism efficacy. These results demonstrate the effect of the insecticide mixture against A. gossypii, as well as the increased risk of its adverse impacts on the parasitoid Aphidius colemani, which signals against their simultaneous application to control this pest species.

Integrated Pest Management — How to do It?

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Ausher
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
The World ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Control Failures ◽  
Intensive Control

Protection of crop and ornamental plants from noxious organisms — insects, nematodes, mites, pathogens and weeds — is indispensable to modern agriculture. Despite intensive control efforts, about 50% of the world's crops are lost to these organisms, at an estimated annual cost of about 400 billion dollars. Ever since the advent of synthetic pesticides in the 1940s, modern crop protection has been largely based on chemical control. Pesticide expenditures are about 20% of total farming input costs, although this figure varies substantially according to crop and region. Mounting environmental concerns and pest control failures have made It increasingly clear that the use of toxic pesticides In agriculture should be drastically reduced all over the world.

scholarly journals Development of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract Emulsion Formulations in Controlling Gray Mold Disease on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Siti Fairuz Yusoff ◽  
Farah Farhanah Haron ◽  
Norhayu Asib ◽  
Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed ◽  
Siti Izera Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Emulsion Formulation

Postharvest fruits including tomatoes are commonly infected by gray mold disease resulting in significant economic losses in the fruit industry. Therefore, this study aimed to develop botanical fungicide derived from Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract to control gray mold on tomato. The emulsion formulation containing surfactant, oil carrier and water was optimized at different non-ionic alkyl polyglucoside surfactants through eleven combinations of oil to surfactant ratio (0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, 9:1 and 10:0 w/w). From eight selected formulations, two formulations, F5 and F7 showed stable in storage, remarkable thermodynamic stability, smaller particle size (66.44 and 139.63 nm), highly stable in zeta potential (−32.70 and −31.70 mV), low in polydispersity index (0.41 and 0.40 PdI), low in viscosity (4.20 and 4.37 cP) and low in surface tension (27.62 and 26.41 mN/m) as compared to other formulations. In situ antifungal activity on tomato fruits showed F5 formulation had a fungicidal activity against B. cinerea with zero disease incidence and severity, whereas F7 formulation reduced 62.5% disease incidence compared to a positive control with scale 1. Based on these findings, F5 formulation exhibited pronounced antifungal activity and may contribute to the development of new and safe antifungal product against gray mold on tomato.

Identification of Semiochemicals Released by Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, Upon Infestation by the Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahabaleshwar Hegde ◽  
Janser N. Oliveira ◽  
Joao G. da Costa ◽  
Ervino Bleicher ◽  
Antonio E. G. Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Cotton Aphid

scholarly journals Economic Impacts on Human Health Resulting from the Use of Mercury in the Illegal Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon: A Methodological Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11869
Author(s):  
Leonardo Barcellos de Bakker ◽  
Pedro Gasparinetti ◽  
Júlia Mello de Queiroz ◽  
Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Methodological Assessment

Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in the Amazon results in the dumping of tons of mercury into the environment annually. Despite consensus on the impacts of mercury on human health, there are still unknowns regarding: (i) the extent to which mercury from ASGM can be dispersed in the environment until it becomes toxic to humans; and (ii) the economic value of losses caused by contamination becomes evident. The main objective of this study is to propose a methodology to evaluate the impacts of ASGM on human health in different contexts in the Brazilian Amazon. We connect several points in the literature based on hypotheses regarding mercury dispersion in water, its transformation into methylmercury, and absorption by fish and humans. This methodology can be used as a tool to estimate the extent of environmental damage caused by artisanal gold mining, the severity of damage to the health of individuals contaminated by mercury and, consequently, can contribute to the application of fines to environmental violators. The consequences of contamination are evaluated by dose-response functions relating to mercury concentrations in hair and the development of the following health outcomes: (i) mild mental retardation, (ii) acute myocardial infarction, and (iii) hypertension. From disability-adjusted life years and statistical life value, we found that the economic losses range from 100,000 to 400,000 USD per kilogram of gold extracted. A case study of the Yanomami indigenous land shows that the impacts of mercury from illegal gold mining in 2020 totaled 69 million USD, which could be used by local authorities to compensate the Yanomami people.

scholarly journals Bioaktivitas ekstrak biji bintaro terhadap kutu daun Aphis gossypii GLOVER dan pengaruhnya terhadap tanaman cabai

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/8380 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
Rial Mustiarif ◽  
Djamilah Djamilah ◽  
Nanik Setyowati ◽  
Agustin Zakarni
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Factors

Aphis gossypii Glover hama penting tanaman cabai, dapat dikendalian dengan menggunakan pestisida nabati. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi waktu aplikasi dan konsentrasi ekstrak kasar biji bintaro (Cerbera odollam G.) dalam mengendalikan A. gossypii Glover serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah waktu aplikasi ekstrak (waktu sebelum dan waktu setelah infestasi A. gossypii Glover). Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi ekstrak bintaro (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% dan 5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi 1% ekstrak biji bintaro menyebabkan mortalitas kutu daunnya 68% sedangkan pada konsentrasi 3% mortalitasnya mencapai 90%. Ekstrak biji bintaro yang diberikan sebelum hama diinfestasikan menyebabkan mortalitas kutu daun 59,5% sedangkan jika diberikan setelah hama diinfestasikan mortalitasnya meningkat menjadi 77,6%. Nilai LC50 dan LC90 ekstrak biji bintaro diaplikasikan sebelum dan setelah hama diinfestasikan secara berurutan adalah 1,8%; 4,4%; 0,57% dan 2,8%. A. gossypii Glover yang diinfestasikan pada tanaman berumur 4 minggu dan disemprot dengan ekstrak biji bintaro pada konsentrasi 1% dapat menurunkan intensitas kerusakan pada hari ke tujuh setelah infestasi dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah daun, bobot segar maupun bobot kering tanaman cabai. Ekstrak biji bintaro dapat dikembangkan sebagai pestisida nabati untuk mengendalikan hama A. gossypii Glover pada tanaman cabai. Aphis gossypii Glover is an important sucking insect pest of the pepper (Capsicum annum L.), Can be controlled by using natural pesticides. The study aimed to evaluate the application time and concentration of Cerbera odollam G. seed extract in controlling A. gossypii and their effects on pepper, C. annum. Complete randomized design was used in this experiment, with two factors, and was repeated three times. The first factor was the time of application of the extract, consisting of before and after A. gossypii infestation. The second factor was the concentration of C. odollam extract (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%). The results indicated the C. odollam seed extract affected the mortality of A. gossypii. At a concentration of 1% of C. odollam seed extract, the mortality of A. gossypii was 68% while at a concentration of 3% the mortality reached up to 90%. C. odollam seed extract applied before infestation, the mortality of A. gossypii was 59.5% whereas, after the infestation, the mortality increased up to 77.6%. LC50 and LC90 extract of C. odollam seeds applied before and after infestation were 1.8%; 4.4%; 0.57% and 2.8% respectively. A. gossypii infested at 8 weeks old pepper and sprayed with C. odollam seed extract at a concentration of 1% lowered the crop damage on the seventh day after infestation. On the other hand, the application of C. odollam seed extract did not affect the number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight of pepper. This study indicate that C. odollam seed extract can be developed as a natural pesticide to control A. gossypii on pepper..

scholarly journals Impact of a synthetic insecticide and plant extracts on Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and coccinellid species in common beans

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Cardoso De Sousa ◽  
Vanessa Andaló ◽  
Renan Zampiroli ◽  
Cleyton Batista De Alvarenga ◽  
Gleice Aparecida De Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Synthetic Insecticide ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Bean Crop

Bean crop is attacked by several phytophagous insects, affecting its production and causing losses to farmers. Among the insects considered as bean crop pests, aphids can cause economic damage by continuously sucking the plant sap throughout crop development. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the control of Aphis craccivora on bean crop with insecticides and its effect on the presence of ladybugs. The tested products were: 1) imidacloprid + bifenthrin; 2) neem extract; 3) d-limonene, and, as a control treatment, water was applied. Insect mortality and the presence of ladybugs were checked every three days until harvest. There was a reduction in the population of aphids after the application of the products for up to 27 days. The presence of ladybugs was higher in the control treatment than in the treatments with insecticides. Thus, the tested products were considered potential in the control of A. craccivora. However, they also negatively affected the presence of coccinellids.

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