Increasing the efficiency of calves rearing in the post-daily period

Aim. To establish the effect of raising young cattle on whole milk, a substitute for whole and skimmed milk powder on its productivity and physiological state in the post-dairy period. Materials and Methods. The studies were conducted on three groups of young cattle of the first phase of cultivation, 10 heads each, at the age of 115 days with an initial live weight of 125.3-127.5 kg. Animals of all groups were given the same diet. During the dairy period, the calves of the control group received milk, a second and third substitute for whole milk and a substitute for skimmed milk powder. Classical and modern zootechnical, biochemical and mathematical methods of analysis were used in research. The digital material obtained in the course of the research was processed by the method of variation statistics, taking into account the Student's criterion of reliability and using the Microsoft Excel software package. Results. Taking into account the feed consumption in the scientific and economic experience showed that the consumption of silage-haylage mixture increased by 0.5-0.6 kg in the animals of the experimental groups. 1 kg of dry matter contained 10.47-10.56 MJ of exchange energy and 0.90-0.91 feed units, 13.4% of crude protein and 22.4-23.2% of fiber. Per 1 feed unit, 95.7-96.4 g of digestible protein was accounted for. As a result of the research, it was found that the majority of the blood parameters studied by us, reflecting the general physiological state of the body, in the compared groups were within the physiological norm. In the blood of animals of the II and III experimental groups, compared with control animals, there was an increase in the number of red blood cells by 10.0 and 9.8%, hemoglobin – by 5.8 and 3.9%, glucose – by 11.0 and 9.5%. The study of the growth dynamics of experimental animals during the experimental period of scientific and economic experience showed that the increase in the live weight of young animals of the experimental group was more intense than the control ones. At the same time, the average daily increase in live weight of control calves was 796.7 g, experimental calves-870.0 and 881.7 g, or increased by 9.2 and 10.7%. The increase in the growth energy of the bulls of the experimental group allowed to obtain an additional 4.4 and 5.1 kg of live weight per head during the experiment period. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that the cost of feed per kg of growth in the II and III experimental groups was lower than the control variant by 5.8 and 7.6%, and therefore the cost of growth in the experimental groups decreased by 6.1 and 7.7% compared to the control analogues, this allowed us to get additional profit per 1 head in the experimental groups in the amount of 8.35 and 10.58 rubles for the research period. Conclusion. The use of ZTSM and ZSOM in feeding young cattle at the age of 10-115 days provided an increase in the average daily increase in the post – dairy period by 9.2 and 10.7%, while reducing the cost of feed for obtaining an increase by 5.8 and 7.6%, the cost of growth-by 6.1 and 7.7 percent.

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Forecasting prices of dairy commodities – a comparison of linear and nonlinear models

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research ◽

10.15212/ijafr-2020-0101 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

B.G Hansen

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Models ◽

Milk Powder ◽

Commodity Prices ◽

Ar Model ◽

Time Series Models ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Linear And Nonlinear ◽

Skimmed Milk ◽

Whole Milk Powder ◽

Skimmed Milk Powder

Dairy commodity prices have become more volatile over the last 10–11 yr. The aim of this paper was to produce reliable price forecasts for the most frequently traded dairy commodities. Altogether five linear and nonlinear time series models were applied. The analysis reveals that prices of dairy commodities reached a structural breakpoint in 2006/2007. The results also show that a combination of linear and nonlinear models is useful in forecasting commodity prices. In this study, the price of cheese is the most difficult to forecast, but a simple autoregressive (AR) model performs reasonably well after 12 mo. Similarly, for butter the AR model performs the best, while for skimmed milk powder (Smp), whole milk powder (Wmp) and whey powder (Whp) the nonlinear methods are the most accurate. However, few of the differences between models are significant according to the Diebold–Mariano (DM) test. The findings could be of interest to the whole dairy industry.

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SPENT GRAIN IN FEEDING YOUNG CATTLE

VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM. P.A. KOSTYCHEVA ◽

10.36508/rsatu.2020.96.75.005 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ж.С. Майорова ◽

О.А. Федосова ◽

Н.И. Торжков ◽

Г.М. Туников ◽

Е.Н. Правдина

Keyword(s):

Average Daily Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Bull Calves ◽

Spent Grain ◽

Young Cattle ◽

The Cost ◽

Experimental Group

Статья отражает исследования по применению свежей пивной дробины в кормлении бычков на заключительном этапе откорма и сухой пивной дробины при выращивании ремонтных телок в возрасте 6-12 месяцев, которые показали ее положительное влияние на качество кормовых рационов и продуктивность животных. В основном рационе контрольных групп часть комбикорма заменяли пивной дробиной: при откорме бычков – 5 кг свежей дробины взамен 1 кг комбикорма, при выращивании телок – 0,5 кг сухой дробины взамен аналогичного количества комбикорма. За счет применения пивной дробины была повышена протеиновая ценность рационов и оптимизирован их микроминеральный состав, что способствовало активизации обмена веществ в организме животных и повышению их продуктивности. У бычков опытной группы живая масса в конце откорма и среднесуточный прирост были, соответственно, выше на 2,5 % и 7,4 %, нежели у контрольных животных. Данные показатели у телочек опытной группы были выше контрольных значений на 4,1 и 6,5 % соответственно. Затраты энергетических кормовых единиц на 1 кг прироста живой массы у животных опытных групп были ниже на 7,3-7,6 % в сравнении с контролем. Установлена экономическая целесообразность применения свежей и сухой пивной дробины в рационах молодняка крупного рогатого скота, так как за счет повышения интенсивности роста животных и значительной экономии зерновых кормов себестоимость 1 кг прироста живой массы, полученного на рационах с дробиной, была ниже на 6,2 % у телочек и на 10,4 % у бычков. The article reflects studies on the use of fresh spent grain when feeding bulls at the final stage of fattening and dry spent grain when growing replacement heifers aged 6-12 months, which showed its positive effect on the quality of feed rations and animal productivity. Part of the mixed fodder in the main diet of the control groups was replaced with spent grain. Bull calves got 5 kg of fresh spent grain instead of 1 kg of the mixed fodder and heifers got 0.5 kg of dry spent grain instead of the same amount of the mixed fodder. Thanks to pent grain, the protein value of diets was increased and their micro mineral composition was optimized, which contributed to the activation of metabolism in animals and increased their productivity. The live weight of the bulls of the experimental group at the end of the fattening was 2.5% higher than that in the control animals and the average daily gain was 7.4% higher. These indicators in the heifers of the experimental group were higher than the control values by 4.1% and 6.5%, respectively. The cost of energy feed units per 1 kg of increase in live weight in animals of the experimental groups was lower by 7.3-7.6%, compared with the control. The economic feasibility of using fresh and dry spent grain in the diets of young cattle was established, since due to an increase in the growth rate of animals and significant savings in grain feed, the cost of 1 kg of live weight gain obtained from rations with spent grain was 6.2% lower in heifers and 10.4% in bulls.

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Quality control of milk powder with near-infrared spectroscopy

Butlerov Communications ◽

10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-64-12-18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (12) ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

Yulia G. Ataeva ◽

◽

Alsu R. Makaeva ◽

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Milk Powder ◽

Skim Milk ◽

Food Products ◽

Fermented Milk ◽

Infrared Region ◽

Require Time ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Skimmed Milk ◽

Skimmed Milk Powder

Milk is one of the most widely consumed food products in the world and is often used in the manufacture of various food products. To reduce the cost of transportation and storage, as well as extend the shelf life of milk, it is dried. It retains most of the nutritional and organoleptic properties of liquid milk. Currently, at least 20-30% of the produced whole milk and fermented milk products are falsified. Flour, starch, chalk, lime, and even gypsum are mixed into milk powder. Classical methods of analysis of milk powder (gravimetric, titrimetric, acidic, etc.) do not allow assessing the qualitative composition of milk powder, while chromatographic and other methods require time and sample preparation. Therefore, to assess the quality of milk, methods of spectrometry in the near infrared region (NIR spectrometry) are becoming very popular. The objects of research were whole milk powder and skimmed milk powder, which were received for research at the Test Center of the FSBSI «Federal Center for Toxicology, Radiation and Biological Safety» from various manufacturers of the Russian Federation. We studied 22 samples of dried whole and skim milk using an IR spectrometer. According to the results of studies, it was found that, on average, samples of skimmed milk powder for all studied indicators corresponded to standards. In 54.5% of the samples of dried whole milk, a reduced fat content was revealed and in 81.8%, an increased content of lactose.

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Fattening of Young Beef Cattle on Hay Diets

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v4i14.5669 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nina Tatarkina ◽

Ekaterina Ponomareva ◽

Firdus Safin

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Live Weight ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

Young Cattle ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Cost ◽

Perennial Legumes ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Feed Unit

The article presents the results of studies on the use of hayfood rations from perennial legumes prepared in packaging film for feeding young cattle. The diets of feeding young cattle are balanced according to the main elements of nutrition, which made it possible to obtain average daily gains at the level of 10220–1244 grams. The nutritional value of the diets was almost the same in the groups and amounted to 9.33–9.39 energetic feed unit. It was found that animals treated with alfalfa and goat senator digested dry matter better by 7.83 and 3.4 %, crude protein by 5.41 and 1.87 %; crude fat by 19.89 and 4.67 %, crude fiber by 16.46 and 14.10 % compared with calves receiving clover hay, respectively. Using silage diets from these crops improves energy metabolism. The coefficient of productive use of metabolic energy by animals of the 3rd experimental group was 43.91 %, which is 5.15 % more than in the 1st experimental group, by 8.60 % from the 2nd experimental group. Animals of the 3 experimental groups were characterized by a higher slaughter yield, in comparison with other groups. The cost of feed per unit of increase in live weight of animals in group 2 was 9.19 energetic feed unit, which is 0.9 energetic feed unit and 1.73 energetic feed unit less than in 1 and 3 groups.

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Effectiveness the use of additive MEGA-VIT in the ration of mares of Shetland pony breed

Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production) ◽

10.33920/sel-05-2008-06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 60-67

Author(s):

G. Uskov ◽

A. Tsopanova ◽

T. Perezhogina

Keyword(s):

Physiological State ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Control Group ◽

Physiological Indicators ◽

Mineral Additive ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

Young Horses ◽

The Cost ◽

Experimental Group

Complete feeding of ponies is provided on the basis of data on their nutritional needs depending on age, sex, physiological state and level of productivity (the amount of milk produced and the intensity of growth of young animals). Ponies are sensitive to a lack of vitamins and mineral elements in the feed. When there is a sufficient amount of organic and mineral substances, but a lack or absence of vitamins, horses and ponies have impaired metabolism. The purpose of this work is to study the effectiveness of the use of vitamin and mineral additive MEGA-VIT in the rations of pregnant and lactating mares of Shetland pony breed. It has been found during of the researches that the vitamin and mineral additive MEGA-VIT had a positive influence on the productive and physiological indicators of animals. The cost of spent feed for the entire period of experiment in the control group was 50,6 thousand rubles, and in the experimental group it was 11,8 thousand rubles more or 23,5 %. Revenue from the sale of young horses of the control group amounted to 400 thousand rubles, and experimental group – 440 thousand rubles, this is by 40 thousand rubles more than in control group. This led to the increase in profit in the experimental group of mares by 28,1 thousand rubles and accordingly the level of profitability by 3,2 %. It has been recommended on the results have been obtained on the base of researches to include 30 g/head/day in the rations of mares of Shetland pony breed during pregnancy, and 50 g/head/day during lactation.

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INFLUENCE OF STOCK HOUSE LIGHT ON DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS

АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ ◽

10.35523/2307-5872-2020-32-3-77-87 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Physiological State ◽

Light Level ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Control Group ◽

Hemoglobin Content ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Reproductive Ability ◽

The Cost ◽

Experimental Group

The article is devoted to the solution of an urgent problem- influence of different lighting modes on the dairy productivity of cows. 2 groups of cows with 20 heads each were formed. In control group, light in the cowshed was 50-75 Lux for a light period of 7.5 h in January to 16.5 h in June, and in experimental group - 150-200 Lux and 16 h, respectively. It was found that the intensity and duration of illumination affects physiological state, reproductive ability and milk productivity of cows. In the experimental group of cows, compared with the control group, hemoglobin content in blood increased by 4.6% (P < 0.01), red blood cells - by 20.6% (P < 0.05), total protein - by 11.2% (P < 0.001), glucose - by 39.1% (P < 0.05). There was a tendency to increase the total calcium and inorganic phosphorus in blood serum of cows of the experimental group. The level of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum of cows in the control group was 71.5% (P < 0.01) higher than that of cows in the experimental group. Milk yield per 1 cow in the experimental cowshed was 433 kg more than in the control. The cost of 1 kg of milk in the experimental group was 0.94 rubles lower, and the profitability of milk production and sales is 9.42% higher than in the control group. To increase the milk productivity of cows, it is recommended to increase light level in barns for tethered keeping to 150-200 Lux, with the duration of lighting in the winter and transition periods of year up to 16 hours per day.

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Price and volatility transmission in, and between, skimmed milk powder, livestock feed and oil markets

Outlook on Agriculture ◽

10.1177/0030727017744928 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 248-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dennis Bergmann ◽

Declan O’Connor ◽

Andreas Thümmel

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Milk Powder ◽

Multivariate Garch ◽

Volatility Transmission ◽

Crude Oil Prices ◽

Multivariate Garch Model ◽

Oil Markets ◽

Skimmed Milk ◽

Derivative Markets ◽

Skimmed Milk Powder

Price and volatility transmission effects between European Union (EU) and World skimmed milk powder (SMP) prices, as well as those between both SMP series, soybeans and crude oil prices from 2004 to 2014 were analysed using a vector error correction model combined with a multivariate GARCH model. The results show significant transmission effects between EU and World SMP prices, but no significant transmission effects from soybeans or crude oil to either of the SMP prices. For policymakers and modellers, these results indicate the need to consider World SMP prices when considering EU prices. On the other hand, the finding of no transmission effects from soybean to SMP prices reduces the opportunity for a successful cross-hedging for dairy commodities using well-established soybean derivative markets.

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ORGANIC ACIDS IN FEEDING OF PIGS AND THEIR EFFECT ON PRODUCTIVITY AND CLINICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE

Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology ◽

10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.201802015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 84-88

Author(s):

L. A. Nikanova ◽

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Orthophosphoric Acid ◽

Physiological State ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Initial Dosage ◽

Live Weight ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Control Group ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Experimental Group

The influence of feed additive "Ormik" consisting of organic acids (formic acid, lactic acid, orthophosphoric acid, acetic acid), as a filler of diatomite crumb, introduced into concentrated fodders, on the biochemical parameters of blood serum of pigs and on productivity is considered in the article. The studied feed additive was added to the feed daily in the form of loose powder, mixing thoroughly. The initial dosage of the feed additive in the 1st week was 1 g/kg of feed, 2nd week and the following – 3 g/kg of feed. The average daily gain in the live weight of pigs in the experimental group was 11,0% higher than the control group. The animals of the experimental group were less sick and the safety of this group was 100%, in the control group it was 90%.

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