Technological breakthrough of the agrarian-and-food innovations in dairy case for example of universal agricultural raw materials. Reverse osmosis

Aim. Consideration of the membrane technology process – reverse osmosis – by directed and controlled processing of whey and its filtrates through special semipermeable partitions (filter membranes) with a pore size from 0.1 to 1.0 nm, carried out at a pressure of 3.0 - 10.0 MPa with the release of particles (cutting off) with a molecular weight of 100 Daltons. Reverse osmosis allows you to concentrate all the compounds of whey and filtrates, separating almost distilled water (condensate). Discussion. In the molecular sieve separation system, reverse osmosis logically continues the membrane treatment of filtrates (permeates) of native, as well as separated whey and their microfiltrates, ultrafiltrates, nanofiltrates and diafiltrates. In principle, the reverse osmosis process should be implemented to pre-concentrate the whey, which will eliminate its loss (draining) and expand the range of use. OO is promising for processing salted whey with the removal of unwanted sodium chloride, as well as for cleaning the condensate of evaporation plants from the components of dairy raw materials that come with foam and secondary steam. Conclusion. In general, for the dairy industry of the food industry of the agro-industrial complex, reverse osmotic treatment is necessary for the implementation of a closed production cycle with a recycled water supply.

Development of a complex of detergents for membrane units in the dairy industry

Aim. Development of a complex of detergents (acidic, alkaline, enzymatic, chlorine-containing, surfactant-containing additives) for membrane units used in the dairy industry. Materials and Methods. Methods for controlling the concentration of active substances in concentrates of agents are given on the example of KATELON 202 - determination of total acidity by the method of acid-base potentiometric titration (in terms of HNO3) and KATELON 114 – determination of the mass fraction of active chlorine by redox titration. Results. A complex of detergents for membrane plants (ultrafiltration (UV, UF), microfiltration (MF, MF), nanofiltration (NF, NF), reverse osmosis (RO, RO)), used in the dairy industry and including alkaline non-foaming, medium-, low-foam products KATELON 109, KATELON 110, KATELON 115; alkaline chlorine-containing non-foamy agent KATELON 114; acid non-foamy KATELON 202, KATELON 207, KATELON 208; high-foam neutral additives KATELON 308 and KATELON 309 – enhancers of the washing effect for KATELON 109, KATELON 110, KATELON 115; preservative non-foaming additive KATELON 310 for protection from microbiological contamination; enzyme medium supplement KATELON 601. The composition of all products, their brief characteristics and physicochemical indicators, as well as an approximate program of washing with a complex of developed preparations are given. The dependences of pH and electrical conductivity were obtained for KATELON 109, KATELON 110, KATELON 115, KATELON 202, KATELON 207, KATELON 208. Conclusion. The complex of detergents is successfully used at Kopylsky Butter Cheese Plant, Lyubansky Cheese Making Plant, Minsk Dairy Plant No. 1, Verkhnedvinsky Butter and Cheese Plant, Molodechno Dairy Plant, Volozhin production site of Minsk Dairy Plant No. 1, Tolochin Branch of Lepel Dairy Canning Plant.

The effectiveness of the use of natural mineral feed additives in the cultivation of young sheep

Aim. The effectiveness of the use of the mineral feed additive bischofit in the diets of young sheep in the South of Russia at various doses and its impact on the productive qualities of young sheep. Materials and Methods. The material for conducting the experiment in this household was the livestock of sheep of the Grozny breed on fattening. The sheep of the control group received a basic household diet, the I experimental group received 5 ml of bischofite per head per day in addition to the main diet, the II experimental group received 8 ml of feed additive. Classical zootechnical methods were used in the process of work, including wool yield and physical and technological properties were studied individually in 3 experimental animals from each group according to the VNIIOK method. The research materials were processed by the methods of variation statistics using the Microsoft Office software package. Results. Young sheep from the I experimental group, who received bischofite at 5 ml / head per day, were 9.4% more in live weight than in the control group. Young sheep that received 5 ml of feed additive had the best meat index, and exceeded the control group in terms of pulp yield by 12.5%. The maximum deviation from the average value of the cut of pure wool in the upward direction (110.6%) was observed in I experimental group. The most durable wool of 7.24 sN / tex is found in the group that received the bischofit feed additive as part of the main diet. Conclusion. To compensate for the lack of mineral substances of the natural and environmentally safe feed additive bischofit at a dose of 5 ml / head per day, it changes the metabolic reactions in the body in a positive way, which is confirmed by an increase in the growth of live weight and wool productivity.

Application of malt sprouts in combine feeds KR-1 when feeding young cattle

Aim. Development of KR-1 concentrate compound feed compositions with the inclusion of malt sprouts, determination of the optimal rates for the introduction of malt sprouts into the compound feed for calves aged 10-75 days. Materials and Methods. In the course of the study, zootechnical, biochemical and mathematical methods of analysis were used. The obtained digital material was processed by the method of variation statistics, taking into account the Student's t-test, using the Microsoft Excel software package. Results. On the basis of the control feedings carried out for the period of the experiment, the actual diet of calves was established, which consisted of 64-67% milk and 24-25% of the starter compound feed. The rest of the ration consisted of corn and oats, cereal-legume hay and forb haylage. In terms of nutritional value and metabolic energy content, the differences between the groups were minimal from 2.27 feed. Units and 21 mj in 1 control up to 2.3 feed. Units and 21.7 mj in 2 experimental. The results of groups 3 and 4 were within the ranges listed above. The difference in the consumption of dry matter is slightly greater, so in the control group – 1396 g, in the experimental group it is 5.6-6.9% more. The higher consumption of compound feed by the experimental animals also contributed to the higher level of protein in the diet of 322-324 g versus 306 g in the control. As a result of feeding various mixed fodders, it was found that the sugar-protein ratio was 1.04 in the control, in the experimental ones it was at the level of 0.98-1.0, the energy-protein ratio was 0.3, the gross energy of the diet was 28.4 mj in the control. Experienced 29.9-30.2 mj, the coefficient of energy use to maintain 0.8, the ratio of calcium to phosphorus in all diets was 1.24-1.27 Conclusion. The highest productivity was noted in calves of the 2nd experimental group containing 5% malt sprouts in the compound feed, which amounted to an average of 806 g per head per day for 65 days of the experiment. Increase in the concentration of malt sprouts in compound feed by 5 and 10 pp. reduced live weight gain by 1.4 and 7.5%, respectively. Given that the 5% level in compound feed allowed an increase in growth by 9.3%. This influence, both positive in the 2nd experimental group, and negative in the 3rd and 4th groups, was also reflected in the feed costs for obtaining an increase, decreasing them by 7.3% and increasing by 2.3 and 8.5%, respectively. As a result, the expenditures of metabolic energy per 1 kg of gain in the control group were lower than in 3 and 4 experimental groups, the same tendency persisted in the consumption of crude protein for gain. More detailed indicators of the energy efficiency of the fed rations showed that the energy gain was 8.05 MJ in the 2 experimental group, which was fed with compound feed with 5% malt sprouts, the second result was a control of 7.1 MJ, and the 3 and 4 experimental groups were 1.5 and 9 , 2% were lower, respectively. The expenditures of exchange energy per 1 MJ in the increase in live weight in the 2 experimental group were lower than the control indicator by 0.26 MJ, and in the 3 experimental group – by 0.39 and in the 4 – by 0.64 MJ higher.

Increasing the efficiency of calves rearing in the post-daily period

Aim. To establish the effect of raising young cattle on whole milk, a substitute for whole and skimmed milk powder on its productivity and physiological state in the post-dairy period. Materials and Methods. The studies were conducted on three groups of young cattle of the first phase of cultivation, 10 heads each, at the age of 115 days with an initial live weight of 125.3-127.5 kg. Animals of all groups were given the same diet. During the dairy period, the calves of the control group received milk, a second and third substitute for whole milk and a substitute for skimmed milk powder. Classical and modern zootechnical, biochemical and mathematical methods of analysis were used in research. The digital material obtained in the course of the research was processed by the method of variation statistics, taking into account the Student's criterion of reliability and using the Microsoft Excel software package. Results. Taking into account the feed consumption in the scientific and economic experience showed that the consumption of silage-haylage mixture increased by 0.5-0.6 kg in the animals of the experimental groups. 1 kg of dry matter contained 10.47-10.56 MJ of exchange energy and 0.90-0.91 feed units, 13.4% of crude protein and 22.4-23.2% of fiber. Per 1 feed unit, 95.7-96.4 g of digestible protein was accounted for. As a result of the research, it was found that the majority of the blood parameters studied by us, reflecting the general physiological state of the body, in the compared groups were within the physiological norm. In the blood of animals of the II and III experimental groups, compared with control animals, there was an increase in the number of red blood cells by 10.0 and 9.8%, hemoglobin – by 5.8 and 3.9%, glucose – by 11.0 and 9.5%. The study of the growth dynamics of experimental animals during the experimental period of scientific and economic experience showed that the increase in the live weight of young animals of the experimental group was more intense than the control ones. At the same time, the average daily increase in live weight of control calves was 796.7 g, experimental calves-870.0 and 881.7 g, or increased by 9.2 and 10.7%. The increase in the growth energy of the bulls of the experimental group allowed to obtain an additional 4.4 and 5.1 kg of live weight per head during the experiment period. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that the cost of feed per kg of growth in the II and III experimental groups was lower than the control variant by 5.8 and 7.6%, and therefore the cost of growth in the experimental groups decreased by 6.1 and 7.7% compared to the control analogues, this allowed us to get additional profit per 1 head in the experimental groups in the amount of 8.35 and 10.58 rubles for the research period. Conclusion. The use of ZTSM and ZSOM in feeding young cattle at the age of 10-115 days provided an increase in the average daily increase in the post – dairy period by 9.2 and 10.7%, while reducing the cost of feed for obtaining an increase by 5.8 and 7.6%, the cost of growth-by 6.1 and 7.7 percent.

The genetic structure of the herd according to the GDF9, GH genes in Volgograd and Edilbaevsky sheep breeds

Aim. The study of the genetic structure of sheep of the Volgograd and Edilbaevsky breeds according to the GDF9, GH genes. Materials and Methods. The research was carried out in herds of sheep from leading breeding plants, on the basis of Don State Agrarian University and Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production. Biosamples of skin and cartilage tissue from the auricles were taken from sheep by plucking an area of 1 cm² for molecular genetic studies. Evaluation was performed by PCR-RFLP method. Endonucleases BstHH HaeIII were used to restrict the amplified regions of the GDF9 and GH genes. The presence and frequency of alleles and genotypes for the GDF9, GH genes were determined based on the results of a molecular genetic study. Results. The article is devoted to the study of the genetic structure of sheep of the Volgograd and Edilbaevsky breeds. One of the important resources for creating highly productive animals is the use of marker selection as an additional criterion for the selection and selection of breeding animals. The use of DNA markers for the selection of animals containing desirable alleles of genes of economically valuable traits is one of the new scientific approaches to solve this problem. The development of sheep breeding in our country will allow using the available natural and human resources in rural areas, as well as obtaining high-quality lamb through the use of resource-saving technologies. The aim of the work was to study the genetic structure of sheep of the Volgograd and Edilbaevsky breeds according to the GDF9, GH genes. To perform molecular genetic studies, samples of ear plucks (tissue from the auricle) with an area of 1 cm2 were taken from sheep. The assessment was carried out by PCR-PDRF. In all the studied groups of sheep, A and B allelic variants of the GDF9 gene, alleles A and B of the GH gene were established. The analysis of the data revealed a breed aspect in the distribution of the frequency of alleles and genotypes of the GDF9, GH genes in the populations under consideration. Conclusion. The results of the study of the genetic structure of the populations of sheep of the Volgograd and Edilbaevsky breeds showed that the frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of the growth hormone (GH) and differential growth factor (GDF9) genes have some features associated with the breed affiliation of the studied sheep.

Econometric forecasting methods industrial sectors of the agro-industrial complex

Aim. Development and justification of the calculation and analytical tool and adaptation of the methodology of its use to the laws of the development of individual branches of agricultural production and scientific interpretation of promising directions of their development. Materials and Methods. In the course of the work, econometric models were used, the main ones of which should be considered correlation and regression, including ridge regression, simulation and trend. The method of simulation modeling was supplemented by the method of expert assessments. Calculations of econometric models were carried out using the SPSS Statistics, Mathcad packages and the FAR-AREA 4.0 software tool. Results. Calculations using econometric models allowed us to develop and justify three author's scenarios for the development of sunflower production in the region: inertial, moderate and optimistic, in the context of the implementation of an export-oriented strategy in the agro-industrial complex for the period up to 2023. Conclusion. To implement the conditions of all three variants of the forecast of sunflower production, it is necessary to increase the use of elite seeds of domestic production and imported seeds in the structure of crops, as well as to ensure a positive dynamics of the introduction of plant protection products per 1 hectare of sown area, which in the future will contribute to the growth of crop yields. The forecast parameters of sunflower yield obtained by us in 2023 in the Rostov region for all three variants are realistic and correspond to the production conditions of the region.

Problems of reducing loss of agricultural products

Aim. Assess and analyze the structure of agricultural production and the total amount of losses during its transportation, sale and processing. Materials and Methods. The scientific research was based on an assessment of the reported aggregated statistical data on the volume of agricultural production in Russia. Methods of graphic, statistical analysis, methods of analogy and comparison, genesis and synthesis of scientific knowledge were used in the work. Results. The gross volumes of agricultural production were calculated (280 million rubles), the volumes of products sold (8.25 trillion rubles) aimed at personal consumption were determined (81 million rubles), and the total losses of products in the process of their sale and consumption, and transportation to the final consumer were calculated (48 million tons). It was concluded that manufacturers today are actually aimed at exporting raw materials, without its subsequent processing and storage due to the lack of established logistics routes and the necessary capacities for its long-term storage. Recommendations were developed for the development of infrastructure for long-term storage and subsequent processing of agricultural products. Conclusion. Conclusions are drawn about the need to revise the existing system of logistics supplies and transportation of agricultural products from the field to the storage facility or producer. For the successful intensification of the existing process of internal processing of agricultural products, it is necessary to increase the storage and freezing capacities of raw materials.

Breed and productive qualities of camels Kamytsky Bactrian in the non-public joint-stock company breeding plant «Kirovsky» of the Yashkulsky district of the Republic of Kalmykia

Aim. The study of the breed and productive qualities of Kalmyk Bactrian camels in the Kirovsky Research Center of the Republic of Kalmykia. Materials and Methods. The main studies were carried out on producing servicing borax and camelomatki. Camels were kept, year-round feeding with concentrated feeds was carried out on the pasture in winter, the young animals were also fed. The analysis of zootechnical accounting was carried out using the materials of the annual appraisal of breeding animals of the Kalmyk Bactrian breed. Comparison of servicing borax and camelomatki of the Kalmyk breed was carried out taking into account a visual assessment, taking measurements according to the existing classical zootechnical methods. The assessment of the growth rate of animals was carried out on the basis of indicators of live weight. Wool productivity is determined by the haircut. Results. Based on the conducted studies, it was revealed that the number of Kalmyk Bactrian camels currently in the Kirovsky Autonomous Area of the Republic of Kalmykia is 380 heads, including 290 heads of camels. The analysis of structural changes in the herd and class composition showed that according to the class composition, the specific weight of elite class camels was 62.3%, class I – 37.7%. The hair cut ranges from 3800 g to 6500 g in males and from 3600 to 6200 g in females. Conclusion. Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that the entire herd of camels of the Kalmyk breed of the NAO PZ “Kirovsky” is purebred. The study of the class composition of the herd indicates the high breeding qualities of the bred camels. The data of wool productivity indicate a high quality and quantity of wool.

A new type of chopped semi-prepared products using antioxidant and chickpeat extrudate

Aim. Development of a new type of mutton chopped semi-prepared products with addition of an antioxidant and chickpea extrudate to increase the biological and nutritional value. Materials and Methods. Beef (GOST R 54704-2011), mutton (GOST 34200-2017), chickpea extrudate, antioxidant "Lavitol" and spices were used for the preparation of samples of mutton chopped semi-prepared products. The production of samples of chopped semi-prepared products was carried out in accordance with GOST 32951-2014. Sampling and preparation of samples was carried out according to a single method in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 51447-99 (ISO 3100-1-91). Determination of organoleptic characteristics was carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 32951-2014; the mass fraction of fat was determined according to GOST 23042-2015; protein – according to GOST 25011-2017; moisture – according to GOST 33319-2015; trace element composition – according to GOST R 55573-2013, GOST 32009-2013; amino acid composition of animal protein – according to GOST 34132-2017. Results. Comparative analysis of two samples showed that when introducing chickpea extrudate, moisture increases by 0.7%, this contributes to an increase in the quality of finished chopped meat products and a decrease in thermal losses. The mass fraction of protein is greater in the experimental sample by 5.65% than in the control, and the fraction of fat is less by 2.79%. The research results indicate the positive effect of chickpea extrudate and antioxidant on the nutritional and biological value of chopped semi-prepared products. Conclusion. The formulation of chopped semi-prepared products with the use of an antioxidant and chickpea extrudate has been developed, which makes it possible to expand the range of functional meat products.