PS2-22: The Association of Neighborhood Deprivation, Subjective Social Status and C-reactive protein among Pregnant African American Women

Individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds are disproportionately affected by the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet data regarding risk factors in this population are lacking, particularly regarding emerging biomarkers of CVD such as C-reactive protein (CRP). We measured high-sensitivity CRP and examined its association with demographic and lifestyle factors in a sample of 792 participants aged 40–79 years from the Southern Community Cohort Study, which has an over-representation of socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals (over 60% with a total annual household income <$15,000). We found that within this population the prevalence of elevated CRP (>3 mg/L) varied significantly by sex, race, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI). The multivariable-adjusted prevalence odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) for having elevated CRP were 1.6 (1.1–2.3) for women vs. men, 1.4 (0.9–2.0) for African Americans vs. whites, 2.3 (1.4–3.8) for African American women vs. white men, 1.8 (1.2–2.7) for current smokers vs. non-smokers, and 4.2 (2.7–6.6) for obese (BMI 30.0–44.9 kg/m2) vs. healthy-weight (BMI 18.3–24.9 kg/m2) participants. Further stratified analyses revealed that the association between BMI and elevated CRP was stronger among African Americans than whites and women than men, with prevalence ORs (95% CI) comparing obese vs. healthy-weight categories reaching 22.8 (7.1–73.8) for African American women. In conclusion, in this socioeconomically disadvantaged population, sex, race, smoking, and BMI were associated with elevated CRP. Moreover, inflammatory response to obesity differed by race and sex, which may contribute to CVD disparities.

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Ethnic Differences in C-Reactive Protein Concentrations

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2007.098996 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 1027-1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 131

Author(s):

Alyson Kelley-Hedgepeth ◽

Donald M Lloyd-Jones ◽

Alicia Colvin ◽

Karen A Matthews ◽

Janet Johnston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

African American ◽

African American Women ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

White Women ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reactive Protein

Abstract Background: Limited data exist regarding the ethnic differences in C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, an inflammatory marker associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that known CVD risk factors, including anthropometric characteristics, would explain much of the observed ethnic variation in CRP. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 3154 women, without known CVD and not receiving hormone therapy, enrolled in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a multiethnic prospective study of pre- and perimenopausal women. Results: The study population was 47.4% white, 27.7% African-American, 8.5% Hispanic, 7.7% Chinese, and 8.6% Japanese; mean age was 46.2 years. African-American women had the highest median CRP concentrations (3.2 mg/L), followed by Hispanic (2.3 mg/L), white (1.5 mg/L), Chinese (0.7 mg/L), and Japanese (0.5 mg/L) women (all pairwise P < 0.001 compared with white women). Body mass index (BMI) markedly attenuated the association between ethnicity and CRP. After adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, BMI, and other risk factors, African-American ethnicity was associated with CRP concentrations >3 mg/L (odds ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.07–1.75), whereas Chinese and Japanese ethnicities were inversely related (0.58, 0.35–0.95, and 0.43, 0.26–0.72, respectively). Conclusions: Modifiable risk factors, particularly BMI, account for much but not all of the ethnic differences in CRP concentrations. Further study is needed of these ethnic differences and their implications for the use of CRP in CVD risk prediction.

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Pedometer Measurement of Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Risk Factors of Obese Lower Socioeconomic African American Women

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.4.4.448 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 448-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lynn B. Panton ◽

Michael R. Kushnick ◽

J. Derek Kingsley ◽

Robert J. Moffatt ◽

Emily M. Haymes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

African American ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

African American Women ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

American Women ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Steps Per Day

Background:To evaluate physical activity with pedometers and health markers of chronic disease in obese, lower socioeconomic African American women.Methods:Thirty-five women (48 ± 8 y) wore pedometers for 2 weeks. One-way analyses of variances were used to compare age, weight, body mass indices (BMI), and health markers of chronic disease (including blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein) between women who were classified by steps per day as sedentary (SED < 5,000; 2,941 ± 1,161 steps/d) or active (ACT ≥ 5,000; 7,181 ± 2,398 steps/d).Results:ACT had significantly lower BMI (ACT: 37.2 ± 5.6; SED: 44.4 ± 7.2 kg/m2) and hip circumferences (ACT: 37.2 ± 5.6; SED: 44.4 ± 37.2 cm) and higher total cholesterol (ACT: 230 ± 53; SED: 191 ± 32 mg/dL) than SED. There were no differences in health markers of chronic disease between SED and ACT. Pearson product moment correlations showed significant negative correlations between steps/d and weight (r = –.42), BMI (r = –.46), and hip circumference (r = –.47).Conclusions:Increased levels of physical activity were associated with reduced BMI and hip circumferences but were not associated with lower health markers for chronic disease in obese, lower socioeconomic African American women.

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Sex Differences in Associations Between Subjective Social Status and C-Reactive Protein in Young Adults

Psychosomatic Medicine ◽

10.1097/psy.0000000000000309 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 542-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jason A. Freeman ◽

Shawn Bauldry ◽

Vanessa V. Volpe ◽

Michael J. Shanahan ◽

Lilly Shanahan

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Social Status ◽

Subjective Social Status ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein

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Abstract WP387: Predictors of Loneliness in African American Women with Cardiovascular Disease

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.wp387 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Karen L Saban ◽

Fred B Bryant ◽

Holli DeVon ◽

Linda Janusek

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Social Support ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

At Risk ◽

African American ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Status ◽

African American Women ◽

Financial Stress ◽

Subjective Social Status

Background: Social connections are a basic need of all humans. Loneliness is a perceived lack of both quantity and quality of social relationships. Prior research demonstrates that loneliness increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and poor health outcomes. Although African American (AA) women are at greater risk than non-Hispanic White (NHW) women for CVD, the influence of social disadvantages on loneliness in AA women at risk for CVD have not been examined. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare protective and risk factors posited to predict loneliness in AA women and NHW women at risk for CVD. Methods: A cross sectional sample of post-menopausal women (50 AA and 49 NHW) with at least two risk factors for CVD completed standardized measures of loneliness, depressive symptoms, financial stress, subjective social status, social support provisions, and resilience. Results: Compared to NHW, AA women reported greater loneliness (t=-2.09, p=.039), financial stress (t=-2.92, p=.004), and lower subjective social status (t=2.68, p=.009). In addition, AA women described less attachment (t=2.34, p=.028) and reliable alliance social support provisions (t=3.27, p=.002) than NHW women. Predictors of loneliness differed between AA and NHW women in that higher levels of depressive symptoms and financial stress and lower levels of resilience, subjective social status, and the social provision of guidance predicted loneliness in AA women in the overall model (r 2 =.91, p=.000). In NHW women, only depressive symptoms and social integration uniquely predicted loneliness (r 2 =.79, p=.000). Conclusions: AA women experienced higher levels of loneliness than NHW women. Although depressive symptoms were a strong predictor of loneliness in both groups, high levels of financial stress and low levels of social status, resilience, and social guidance were unique contributors of loneliness in AA women. Findings from this study may assist researchers in developing and testing tailored interventions to address the effects of social disadvantages on loneliness in vulnerable populations.

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